Therapists in Southeast, Houston, TX

Photo of Minerva P Romano, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Minerva P Romano
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Online Only
Avoid the commute and try Online therapy! I am certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). A very effective and helpful therapy that cuts talk time in half, and focuses on releasing present and past emotional distress. I also use the latest mindfulness techniques, among others, to provide you with a personalizad and comprehensive treatment. It is not uncommon for someone to find themselves in a state of emotional reaction, due to negative childhood experiences, life challenges, trauma or constant relationship problems. This is not only an emotional response, but a physical and spiritual one as well.
Avoid the commute and try Online therapy! I am certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). A very effective and helpful therapy that cuts talk time in half, and focuses on releasing present and past emotional distress. I also use the latest mindfulness techniques, among others, to provide you with a personalizad and comprehensive treatment. It is not uncommon for someone to find themselves in a state of emotional reaction, due to negative childhood experiences, life challenges, trauma or constant relationship problems. This is not only an emotional response, but a physical and spiritual one as well.
(972) 440-1951 View (972) 440-1951
Photo of Jessica Gonzalez, Counselor, MA, LMHC, LPC, NCC
Jessica Gonzalez
Counselor, MA, LMHC, LPC, NCC
Online Only
It is a great honor to walk beside you on this journey. As your therapist, I accept you as you are and not as you should be. Although I believe that therapy is a self healing process , I am here to hold space for you and provide tools to assist you as you navigate your life experience.
It is a great honor to walk beside you on this journey. As your therapist, I accept you as you are and not as you should be. Although I believe that therapy is a self healing process , I am here to hold space for you and provide tools to assist you as you navigate your life experience.
(425) 428-5474 View (425) 428-5474
Photo of Keylynne Matos-Cunningham, LPC-Associate, MPH, MEd, LPC-Asc
Keylynne Matos-Cunningham
LPC-Associate, MPH, MEd, LPC-Asc
Southeast, Houston, TX 77054
My ideal client is a marginalized being facing trauma, burnout, and major life transitions. They need a culturally affirming, trauma-informed space to build self-trust, regulate emotions, and set boundaries. Their goal is to heal, thrive, and live authentically, free from past burdens.
My ideal client is a marginalized being facing trauma, burnout, and major life transitions. They need a culturally affirming, trauma-informed space to build self-trust, regulate emotions, and set boundaries. Their goal is to heal, thrive, and live authentically, free from past burdens.
(346) 230-5054 View (346) 230-5054
Photo of Brandi M Williams, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd
Brandi M Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd
Online Only
Welcome! I’m Brandi, a licensed therapist dedicated to fostering healing and growth. I bring a unique perspective and deep understanding of the cultural and personal challenges many individuals face. I specialize in providing a safe, supportive space where you can explore your emotions, overcome past struggles, and build a more empowered future. My approach blends empathy, cultural competence, and evidence-based practices to help you navigate life’s complexities. Whether you’re seeking help with anxiety, depression, relationships, or trauma, I believe in meeting you where you are and taking it one step at a time.
Welcome! I’m Brandi, a licensed therapist dedicated to fostering healing and growth. I bring a unique perspective and deep understanding of the cultural and personal challenges many individuals face. I specialize in providing a safe, supportive space where you can explore your emotions, overcome past struggles, and build a more empowered future. My approach blends empathy, cultural competence, and evidence-based practices to help you navigate life’s complexities. Whether you’re seeking help with anxiety, depression, relationships, or trauma, I believe in meeting you where you are and taking it one step at a time.
(832) 488-6220 View (832) 488-6220
Photo of Shanna Carew-Lindie, Counselor, LPC
Shanna Carew-Lindie
Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Do you feel stuck? Do you want more fulfillment, happiness and peace? I can help you reach your goals and create a “Pathway to Healing.” Healing is a journey that we can embark on together ,working hand and hand, to better understand and resolve challenges in your life by helping you identify your triggers and learn healthy coping skills to navigate your day to day life. I have success working with clients who are experiencing anxiety, negative thoughts, Divorce depression, PSTD, and/or trauma. I am committed to supporting your ability to grow and heal in a non-judgmental and supportive atmosphere.
Do you feel stuck? Do you want more fulfillment, happiness and peace? I can help you reach your goals and create a “Pathway to Healing.” Healing is a journey that we can embark on together ,working hand and hand, to better understand and resolve challenges in your life by helping you identify your triggers and learn healthy coping skills to navigate your day to day life. I have success working with clients who are experiencing anxiety, negative thoughts, Divorce depression, PSTD, and/or trauma. I am committed to supporting your ability to grow and heal in a non-judgmental and supportive atmosphere.
(281) 519-2854 View (281) 519-2854
Photo of LaToya Ashley, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
LaToya Ashley
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
2 Endorsed
Southeast, Houston, TX 77021
Have you been feeling emotionally overwhelmed, stuck in a cycle, and carrying around wounds that can’t heal? Has a life event or person left you feeling raw, unhinged, or not yourself? Have you been pouring from an empty cup to others who are not appreciative? Are you in survival mode waiting for the next big thing to go wrong? Are you ready for a safe space, where we can validate the emotional experiences and work towards clarity and understanding? Do you want tools and strategies to manage and deal while giving yourself permission to heal and love yourself the way you deserve?
Have you been feeling emotionally overwhelmed, stuck in a cycle, and carrying around wounds that can’t heal? Has a life event or person left you feeling raw, unhinged, or not yourself? Have you been pouring from an empty cup to others who are not appreciative? Are you in survival mode waiting for the next big thing to go wrong? Are you ready for a safe space, where we can validate the emotional experiences and work towards clarity and understanding? Do you want tools and strategies to manage and deal while giving yourself permission to heal and love yourself the way you deserve?
(346) 277-9720 View (346) 277-9720
Photo of Khandyce Pitner, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Khandyce Pitner
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
My name is Khandyce Pitner, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over seven years of experience counseling children, adolescents, adults, couples, and groups. I have worked with many individuals suffering from Anxiety, Depression, Trauma and PTSD, Coping Skills, Life Transitions, Substance Use, Low-SES, Women’s issues, and more. I use a mix of Acceptance and Commitment (ACT), Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Eclectic, and Trauma Focused therapies. I believe that my passion is to guide, assist, and support you in recognizing and utilizing your most significant potential for change.
My name is Khandyce Pitner, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over seven years of experience counseling children, adolescents, adults, couples, and groups. I have worked with many individuals suffering from Anxiety, Depression, Trauma and PTSD, Coping Skills, Life Transitions, Substance Use, Low-SES, Women’s issues, and more. I use a mix of Acceptance and Commitment (ACT), Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Eclectic, and Trauma Focused therapies. I believe that my passion is to guide, assist, and support you in recognizing and utilizing your most significant potential for change.
(682) 424-8538 View (682) 424-8538
Photo of Mitchell Hill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Mitchell Hill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
My practice is all about improving self-awareness, self-control, and resiliency. I also focus on strengthening overall family connections and support. I use an eclectic blend of evidence-based theories and experiential practice. That means using the best of science in ways that are real, relevant, and in the moment. Within each client/patient/person is a great teacher to themselves.
My practice is all about improving self-awareness, self-control, and resiliency. I also focus on strengthening overall family connections and support. I use an eclectic blend of evidence-based theories and experiential practice. That means using the best of science in ways that are real, relevant, and in the moment. Within each client/patient/person is a great teacher to themselves.
(346) 588-7598 View (346) 588-7598
Photo of Denise Filer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Denise Filer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hello, I am Denise M. Filer MSW, LCSW-S I have been a therapist for almost 30 years. I use an eclectic approach. People do not need the same approaches and a combination of them is what I feel benefits the client. I believe that narrative therapy is a great start. Tell me your story and we will then define together what will work for you. I find that these approaches work well for most people. DBT, CBT, Solution focused culturally aware, strength-based, motivational, and mindfulness.
Hello, I am Denise M. Filer MSW, LCSW-S I have been a therapist for almost 30 years. I use an eclectic approach. People do not need the same approaches and a combination of them is what I feel benefits the client. I believe that narrative therapy is a great start. Tell me your story and we will then define together what will work for you. I find that these approaches work well for most people. DBT, CBT, Solution focused culturally aware, strength-based, motivational, and mindfulness.
(346) 485-3579 View (346) 485-3579
Photo of Brittany Lynell Lee, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Brittany Lynell Lee
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
When we experience trauma or severe life stressors, it is common to feel like our lives are unravelling. My greatest passion as a black female therapist is bringing understanding and healing to those who have been through a traumatic/stressful experience or struggle with chronic mental/developmental health challenges. I want to be a breath of fresh air for my therapy clients in Texas! My approach is interactive, warm, and accepting. I cultivate a therapeutic environment that makes my clients feel safe, heard, and understood so they can begin their therapeutic journey of finding peace, healing, and new beginnings.
When we experience trauma or severe life stressors, it is common to feel like our lives are unravelling. My greatest passion as a black female therapist is bringing understanding and healing to those who have been through a traumatic/stressful experience or struggle with chronic mental/developmental health challenges. I want to be a breath of fresh air for my therapy clients in Texas! My approach is interactive, warm, and accepting. I cultivate a therapeutic environment that makes my clients feel safe, heard, and understood so they can begin their therapeutic journey of finding peace, healing, and new beginnings.
(832) 783-9581 View (832) 783-9581
Photo of Shaunae Tolson, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Shaunae Tolson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Are you ready for change? Perhaps you've gone through a traumatic life event, have found yourself in a dead-end relationship or career, or have felt the weight of depression pulling you down. Healing happens with help from others, and you deserve support! You don't have to do it all alone. I believe growth is available to us at any time in our lives! Let's make that happen for you. You are more capable than your fears and limiting beliefs try to make you believe. Compassion, support, patience, and attentiveness are what is necessary in helping others on their journey to mental wellness.
Are you ready for change? Perhaps you've gone through a traumatic life event, have found yourself in a dead-end relationship or career, or have felt the weight of depression pulling you down. Healing happens with help from others, and you deserve support! You don't have to do it all alone. I believe growth is available to us at any time in our lives! Let's make that happen for you. You are more capable than your fears and limiting beliefs try to make you believe. Compassion, support, patience, and attentiveness are what is necessary in helping others on their journey to mental wellness.
(832) 843-1234 View (832) 843-1234
Photo of Sonja Harrison, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sonja Harrison
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I believe that everyone has the capacity to accomplish their goals. My role is to help you uncover and understand the obstacles and trauma that are getting in the way of achieving what you desire, and then help you tap into your inner resources to succeed. With empathy and authenticity, I work alongside my clients to promote healing and discovery of their power to change. Whether you are experiencing symptoms related to anxiety, depression, grief and loss; problems with relationships, parenting, or self-esteem; or a general sense of disconnectedness – whatever it is – I recognize that therapy is self-work, and it's not easy.
I believe that everyone has the capacity to accomplish their goals. My role is to help you uncover and understand the obstacles and trauma that are getting in the way of achieving what you desire, and then help you tap into your inner resources to succeed. With empathy and authenticity, I work alongside my clients to promote healing and discovery of their power to change. Whether you are experiencing symptoms related to anxiety, depression, grief and loss; problems with relationships, parenting, or self-esteem; or a general sense of disconnectedness – whatever it is – I recognize that therapy is self-work, and it's not easy.
(713) 257-9341 View (713) 257-9341
Photo of Ray Anthony DeBlanc, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BA, LCSW
Ray Anthony DeBlanc
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BA, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Southeast, Houston, TX 77075
Hello, my name is Ray DeBlanc. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Texas with over 8 years experience working in the Mental Health field. I own The Shrink Gym and MindNMatter Therapy Services. I have experience working with individuals who are battling depression & anxiety, mood disorders, PTSD, bi-polar, schizophrenia, & thought distortions.
Hello, my name is Ray DeBlanc. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Texas with over 8 years experience working in the Mental Health field. I own The Shrink Gym and MindNMatter Therapy Services. I have experience working with individuals who are battling depression & anxiety, mood disorders, PTSD, bi-polar, schizophrenia, & thought distortions.
(281) 204-8835 View (281) 204-8835
Photo of LaMonica Kinch Ross, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
LaMonica Kinch Ross
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Feeling like life's a maze, and you're not quite sure which path to take? Struggling with what some call 'high-functioning' depression or anxiety? Perhaps you've mastered the art of putting on a brave face, yet inside, you're battling your own storms. It's okay; we all face turbulence, but there's a lighthouse of hope shining on your horizon. By seeking help, you're already tapping into your inherent strength, and I'm here to walk beside you on your healing journey.
Feeling like life's a maze, and you're not quite sure which path to take? Struggling with what some call 'high-functioning' depression or anxiety? Perhaps you've mastered the art of putting on a brave face, yet inside, you're battling your own storms. It's okay; we all face turbulence, but there's a lighthouse of hope shining on your horizon. By seeking help, you're already tapping into your inherent strength, and I'm here to walk beside you on your healing journey.
(346) 209-4889 View (346) 209-4889
Photo of Alexis Jones, LPC Intern, LMFT
Alexis Jones
LPC Intern, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
As a licensed marriage and family therapist, my private practice is dedicated to helping individuals, couples, and families navigate the complexities of their relationships. Each therapy session is an opportunity to explore the dynamics of familial interactions and personal challenges, fostering understanding and healing. My mission is to provide a safe space for clients to express their thoughts and feelings, develop healthier communication patterns, and find solutions to the issues that trouble them.
As a licensed marriage and family therapist, my private practice is dedicated to helping individuals, couples, and families navigate the complexities of their relationships. Each therapy session is an opportunity to explore the dynamics of familial interactions and personal challenges, fostering understanding and healing. My mission is to provide a safe space for clients to express their thoughts and feelings, develop healthier communication patterns, and find solutions to the issues that trouble them.
(346) 472-4377 View (346) 472-4377
Photo of Olajumoke Iyiola - JMore Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
JMore Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Whether your present life feels unmanageable or past hurtful experiences are still causing you pain, there is hope. Reaching out for help is the first step to making positive changes in your life. As a therapist, I offer you a safe, nonjudgmental space to explore, share, & develop deeper self-awareness. Together, we'll build on your strengths to foster growth & balance. My therapeutic style is conversational and collaborative, focusing on helping you better understand yourself and your situation. My ideal client seeks healing, growth, & a space to explore their feelings, no longer feel “stuck,” & learn practical tools for balance.
Whether your present life feels unmanageable or past hurtful experiences are still causing you pain, there is hope. Reaching out for help is the first step to making positive changes in your life. As a therapist, I offer you a safe, nonjudgmental space to explore, share, & develop deeper self-awareness. Together, we'll build on your strengths to foster growth & balance. My therapeutic style is conversational and collaborative, focusing on helping you better understand yourself and your situation. My ideal client seeks healing, growth, & a space to explore their feelings, no longer feel “stuck,” & learn practical tools for balance.
(832) 558-2793 View (832) 558-2793
Photo of Juan Carlos Martinez Pinzon, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCDC
Juan Carlos Martinez Pinzon
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCDC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My passion for helping others and my commitment to emotional well-being are the driving forces behind my work as a counselor. Throughout my practice as a professional, I have been able to develop a person-centered approach that seeks to establish an authentic connection with people. This profession is a fascinating journey full of learning and human connection for me. I find a deep sense of purpose in listening to and helping people who are seeking to transform themselves and resolve their conflicts. I am experienced in the therapeutic processes related to different emotional conditions, such as anxiety, depression, and trauma.
My passion for helping others and my commitment to emotional well-being are the driving forces behind my work as a counselor. Throughout my practice as a professional, I have been able to develop a person-centered approach that seeks to establish an authentic connection with people. This profession is a fascinating journey full of learning and human connection for me. I find a deep sense of purpose in listening to and helping people who are seeking to transform themselves and resolve their conflicts. I am experienced in the therapeutic processes related to different emotional conditions, such as anxiety, depression, and trauma.
(737) 265-3473 View (737) 265-3473
Photo of Jessica Perlaza, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Jessica Perlaza
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My name is Jessica Perlaza, but you can call me Jess! I am most passionate about working with people who are struggling with life transitions such as college students, young professionals, and those in relationship changes. I help adults overcome anxiety and depression that holds them back from their full potential. My goal is to help you improve your confidence and work towards achieving a life that brings you joy.
My name is Jessica Perlaza, but you can call me Jess! I am most passionate about working with people who are struggling with life transitions such as college students, young professionals, and those in relationship changes. I help adults overcome anxiety and depression that holds them back from their full potential. My goal is to help you improve your confidence and work towards achieving a life that brings you joy.
(713) 568-7893 View (713) 568-7893
Photo of Princess Agbobock, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFT-A
Princess Agbobock
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFT-A
3 Endorsed
Online Only
You’ve tried to fix it yourself, but your relationship is still in shambles. Anxiety is controlling your life, trauma is making you feel heavy, and it feels like your family is falling apart. If you’re struggling to heal from infidelity, are in a daily battle with anxiety, looking to resolve family conflict, are tired of carrying trauma, or need support while navigating life transitions it may be time to partner with a therapist. We can work together to create a plan that focuses on improving the parts of your life that are causing distress. Booking a therapy session is the hardest, yet bravest step that you can take today.
You’ve tried to fix it yourself, but your relationship is still in shambles. Anxiety is controlling your life, trauma is making you feel heavy, and it feels like your family is falling apart. If you’re struggling to heal from infidelity, are in a daily battle with anxiety, looking to resolve family conflict, are tired of carrying trauma, or need support while navigating life transitions it may be time to partner with a therapist. We can work together to create a plan that focuses on improving the parts of your life that are causing distress. Booking a therapy session is the hardest, yet bravest step that you can take today.
(832) 604-0898 View (832) 604-0898
Photo of Ralph DeMar - Neural-Pathway Therapy and Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, , LPC, LSOTP, CART
Neural-Pathway Therapy and Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, , LPC, LSOTP, CART
Southeast, Houston, TX 77061
I have extensive experience in couples and marital Therapy. I consider a comprehensive approach in every client I serve. I provide individual counseling for trauma related and unresolved family of origin issues. I also have a particular focus in working with minority youth between the ages of 12-19, who have been involved with the juvenile justice system or need intervention to preclude them from the justice system.
I have extensive experience in couples and marital Therapy. I consider a comprehensive approach in every client I serve. I provide individual counseling for trauma related and unresolved family of origin issues. I also have a particular focus in working with minority youth between the ages of 12-19, who have been involved with the juvenile justice system or need intervention to preclude them from the justice system.
(713) 360-0929 View (713) 360-0929

See more therapy options for Southeast, Houston

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Southeast, Houston, TX

200+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Southeast, Houston, TX who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
88% Depression
74% Self Esteem
72% Relationship Issues
71% Trauma and PTSD
71% Coping Skills
71% Stress

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

94% Aetna
88% Cigna and Evernorth
78% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Southeast, Houston, TX see their clients

61% Online Only
39% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Southeast, Houston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.