Therapists in Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX

Photo of Patti Frances Pearce, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Patti Frances Pearce
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
1 Endorsed
Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX 75243
Are you overwhelmed with stress? Maybe you’re carrying more than you can manage, and it’s affecting your mood, health, or relationships. Stress can feel like exhaustion, worry, or tension you just can’t shake.
Are you overwhelmed with stress? Maybe you’re carrying more than you can manage, and it’s affecting your mood, health, or relationships. Stress can feel like exhaustion, worry, or tension you just can’t shake.
(214) 712-4155 View (214) 712-4155
Photo of Morgan Myers, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Morgan Myers
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
1 Endorsed
Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX 75218
At East Dallas Therapy, we know that facing your own pain can be scary, but we believe that you can grow beyond those places where you are stuck. You may want to work on coping with stress or loneliness from a place of peace. Or you might need to process your faith and doubt or have a more fulfilling relationship. We’ll help you find a way to get un-stuck in your life. Whatever you come in with, we will discover together what is holding you back so that you can grow into a satisfying and hopeful life. We see women, men, couples, teens and kids.
At East Dallas Therapy, we know that facing your own pain can be scary, but we believe that you can grow beyond those places where you are stuck. You may want to work on coping with stress or loneliness from a place of peace. Or you might need to process your faith and doubt or have a more fulfilling relationship. We’ll help you find a way to get un-stuck in your life. Whatever you come in with, we will discover together what is holding you back so that you can grow into a satisfying and hopeful life. We see women, men, couples, teens and kids.
(469) 871-8161 View (469) 871-8161
Photo of James Michael Grisham, Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LPC-S, LCDC
James Michael Grisham
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LPC-S, LCDC
Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX 75214
My practical view of the function of counseling is as a journey of self-exploration by the client, meant to increase his/her level of self-understanding and self-awareness. I as counselor act as the guide or facilitator of this journey. On some level of consciousness based on his/her experience in life, I believe the client is in possession of the answers to his questions. It is my job to make those answers explicit. It is my job to help clients identify, develop, and mobilize their own resources to successfully solve problems and meet challenges.
My practical view of the function of counseling is as a journey of self-exploration by the client, meant to increase his/her level of self-understanding and self-awareness. I as counselor act as the guide or facilitator of this journey. On some level of consciousness based on his/her experience in life, I believe the client is in possession of the answers to his questions. It is my job to make those answers explicit. It is my job to help clients identify, develop, and mobilize their own resources to successfully solve problems and meet challenges.
(972) 885-3949 View (972) 885-3949
Photo of Amanda Quicksall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Amanda Quicksall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX 75223
I specialize in supporting parents, families and children. My approach is strength-based, trauma-informed and deeply relational, ensuring that every client feels seen, heard, and supported in a safe and nurturing environment. -Licensed Clinical Social Worker -Trust-Based Relational Intervention Practitioner -Certified Teacher and School Counselor
I specialize in supporting parents, families and children. My approach is strength-based, trauma-informed and deeply relational, ensuring that every client feels seen, heard, and supported in a safe and nurturing environment. -Licensed Clinical Social Worker -Trust-Based Relational Intervention Practitioner -Certified Teacher and School Counselor
(469) 708-9217 View (469) 708-9217
Photo of Rob Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, CSW
Rob Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, CSW
Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX 75214
Experiencing the pain & despair of depression, often feeling confused and misunderstood and anxious about life. Having difficulty coping with stress and feelings you don't understand and being unsure about who you can trust and afraid to seek counselling, and will it help anyway! I understand these feelings, the pain you are going through, and I want to help you obtain the joy that you deserve to feel.
Experiencing the pain & despair of depression, often feeling confused and misunderstood and anxious about life. Having difficulty coping with stress and feelings you don't understand and being unsure about who you can trust and afraid to seek counselling, and will it help anyway! I understand these feelings, the pain you are going through, and I want to help you obtain the joy that you deserve to feel.
(469) 281-7163 View (469) 281-7163
Photo of Taryn Mau - Mau Counseling LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, BC-TMH
Mau Counseling LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, BC-TMH
1 Endorsed
Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX 75214
Whether you are feeling anxious or depressed or are experiencing distress with a partner, I work to provide an empathetic, safe environment for all of my clients. I am skilled at helping individual clients with anxiety, depression, trauma, life transition & existential issues. My training also equips me to work with couples and families struggling with a wide variety of challenges. Some of these may include infidelity, parenting issues, and pre-marital counseling. I use a couples therapy model that has been backed by research, showing success for couples years after therapy ends.
Whether you are feeling anxious or depressed or are experiencing distress with a partner, I work to provide an empathetic, safe environment for all of my clients. I am skilled at helping individual clients with anxiety, depression, trauma, life transition & existential issues. My training also equips me to work with couples and families struggling with a wide variety of challenges. Some of these may include infidelity, parenting issues, and pre-marital counseling. I use a couples therapy model that has been backed by research, showing success for couples years after therapy ends.
(469) 813-7645 View (469) 813-7645
Photo of Bianca Cotton, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, TF-CBT
Bianca Cotton
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, TF-CBT
Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX 75214
As a practicing Licensed Professional Counselor, Bianca has over 6 years of experience in both Community Mental Health and Private Practice Therapy settings. Prior to joining Transitions Therapeutic Services, she was the Director of Therapy at a Child Advocacy Center where she specialized in counseling children, adolescents, and caregivers who have encountered various forms of trauma and abuse. Bianca received her Bachelors degree from Texas A&M University and her Masters degree in counseling from Houston Baptist University.
As a practicing Licensed Professional Counselor, Bianca has over 6 years of experience in both Community Mental Health and Private Practice Therapy settings. Prior to joining Transitions Therapeutic Services, she was the Director of Therapy at a Child Advocacy Center where she specialized in counseling children, adolescents, and caregivers who have encountered various forms of trauma and abuse. Bianca received her Bachelors degree from Texas A&M University and her Masters degree in counseling from Houston Baptist University.
(469) 702-8750 View (469) 702-8750
Photo of Amy Goins, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS
Amy Goins
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS
2 Endorsed
Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX 75218
You’re juggling a million things—kids, work, life—and somewhere in there, you’re trying to do the inner work. You’ve faced losses, big or small, or maybe just feel the weight of old wounds that never quite left. You want to show up fully for your family, for yourself, and maybe even for the parts of life that feel joyful again—but doing that while keeping all the balls in the air? Exhausting. And honestly, you don’t have to do it alone.
You’re juggling a million things—kids, work, life—and somewhere in there, you’re trying to do the inner work. You’ve faced losses, big or small, or maybe just feel the weight of old wounds that never quite left. You want to show up fully for your family, for yourself, and maybe even for the parts of life that feel joyful again—but doing that while keeping all the balls in the air? Exhausting. And honestly, you don’t have to do it alone.
(972) 843-9940 View (972) 843-9940
Photo of Kristin Simpson, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR
Kristin Simpson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR
Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX 75218
If you are struggling with grief, anxiety, trauma, or other major life transitions, you are in the right place. I truly believe that healing happens in relationships and that it is important to take the time to find a therapist that you feel you can connect with. I work from a trauma informed and collaborative perspective utilizing discussion, art therapy, and EMDR to assist you as you begin to identify your priorities and find the balance that you are looking for.
If you are struggling with grief, anxiety, trauma, or other major life transitions, you are in the right place. I truly believe that healing happens in relationships and that it is important to take the time to find a therapist that you feel you can connect with. I work from a trauma informed and collaborative perspective utilizing discussion, art therapy, and EMDR to assist you as you begin to identify your priorities and find the balance that you are looking for.
(469) 916-5210 View (469) 916-5210
Photo of Lea M Fisher, Licensed Professional Counselor, Lea Fisher, MA, LPC
Lea M Fisher
Licensed Professional Counselor, Lea Fisher, MA, LPC
4 Endorsed
Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX 75214
Not just "another therapy session". Real change is possible -Concierge therapy customized exclusively for you - I specialize in working with adults who find themselves feeling frustrated or hopeless dealing with depression, anxiety, trauma, toxic relationships, low self worth and professional issues. They know they want more but often struggle to align with and pursue their true purpose. I’m excited to introduce you tools and strategies that not only empower you to break free from self-sabotaging thoughts and behaviors but also open you to new possibilities.
Not just "another therapy session". Real change is possible -Concierge therapy customized exclusively for you - I specialize in working with adults who find themselves feeling frustrated or hopeless dealing with depression, anxiety, trauma, toxic relationships, low self worth and professional issues. They know they want more but often struggle to align with and pursue their true purpose. I’m excited to introduce you tools and strategies that not only empower you to break free from self-sabotaging thoughts and behaviors but also open you to new possibilities.
(469) 205-8670 View (469) 205-8670
Photo of Jessica Brazeal, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
Jessica Brazeal
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
9 Endorsed
Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX 75246
I'm ready to be on your team! Therapy should be a collaboration between you and your therapist. YOU are the expert on you. If you have experienced scary or painful experiences that you just can't seem to move on from, I can help you with this. I have a long background of working with people who have experienced abuse in relationships and significant past childhood traumas. I have also worked with many people who have experienced religious trauma or changes in their faith that have impacted their worldview and would love to help you with this!
I'm ready to be on your team! Therapy should be a collaboration between you and your therapist. YOU are the expert on you. If you have experienced scary or painful experiences that you just can't seem to move on from, I can help you with this. I have a long background of working with people who have experienced abuse in relationships and significant past childhood traumas. I have also worked with many people who have experienced religious trauma or changes in their faith that have impacted their worldview and would love to help you with this!
(469) 817-5683 View (469) 817-5683
Photo of Karen Ramirez, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Karen Ramirez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
5 Endorsed
Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX 75218
I understand how difficult life can be when your closest relationships are struggling. By looking for help, you have made a great step towards healing and change! I provide individuals and couples with a safe space to share whatever is bothering them in an accepting, empathetic environment. Your therapy should be unique and focused on what you are wanting to change, so I adapt treatment to match those goals. I invest the care and time it takes for you to leave feeling valued, heard, and with an increased confidence in managing your problems.
I understand how difficult life can be when your closest relationships are struggling. By looking for help, you have made a great step towards healing and change! I provide individuals and couples with a safe space to share whatever is bothering them in an accepting, empathetic environment. Your therapy should be unique and focused on what you are wanting to change, so I adapt treatment to match those goals. I invest the care and time it takes for you to leave feeling valued, heard, and with an increased confidence in managing your problems.
(469) 490-1033 View (469) 490-1033
Photo of Melissa Collins - Collins Counseling Center, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
Collins Counseling Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX 75238
Telehealth sessions available in all of Texas and in Washington and In-office sessions in Dallas, TX. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor-Supervisor with over 30 years of experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. I specialize in counseling children, adolescents, and adult who have been victims of crime. I also assist with divorce issues, issues related to parental use of drugs and alcohol, and I offer parental guidance. With adults and adolescents, I also offer counseling on addiction, depression, anxiety, divorce, and mental health. I work with military and thier families and work with first responders.
Telehealth sessions available in all of Texas and in Washington and In-office sessions in Dallas, TX. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor-Supervisor with over 30 years of experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. I specialize in counseling children, adolescents, and adult who have been victims of crime. I also assist with divorce issues, issues related to parental use of drugs and alcohol, and I offer parental guidance. With adults and adolescents, I also offer counseling on addiction, depression, anxiety, divorce, and mental health. I work with military and thier families and work with first responders.
(214) 499-9405 View (214) 499-9405
Photo of Essence Jackson-Jones - Aura Art Space PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCPC
Aura Art Space PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCPC
Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX 75238
My ideal clients are adults experiencing early-onset dementia who still maintain some independence but are beginning to notice changes in memory, focus, or daily organization. They want to stay mentally active, creative, and connected. I also support caregivers seeking meaningful ways to engage their loved ones through art and shared expression. Together, we focus on strengthening memory, emotional resilience, and communication—creating space for connection, purpose, and joy through art-based approaches that nurture both mind and spirit.
My ideal clients are adults experiencing early-onset dementia who still maintain some independence but are beginning to notice changes in memory, focus, or daily organization. They want to stay mentally active, creative, and connected. I also support caregivers seeking meaningful ways to engage their loved ones through art and shared expression. Together, we focus on strengthening memory, emotional resilience, and communication—creating space for connection, purpose, and joy through art-based approaches that nurture both mind and spirit.
(214) 974-8182 View (214) 974-8182
Photo of Crystal Nicole Gayle, Psychologist, PhD
Crystal Nicole Gayle
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX 75214
I am a licensed psychologist who enjoys working with children, adolescents, and adults. I use a strength-based, collaborative, and multicultural approach when I work with my clients. I believe in creating an honest and warm therapeutic environment while developing a strong rapport with each client or family as we work towards meeting their treatment goals. I utilize evidence-based treatments such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) to help individuals become the best versions of themselves.
I am a licensed psychologist who enjoys working with children, adolescents, and adults. I use a strength-based, collaborative, and multicultural approach when I work with my clients. I believe in creating an honest and warm therapeutic environment while developing a strong rapport with each client or family as we work towards meeting their treatment goals. I utilize evidence-based treatments such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) to help individuals become the best versions of themselves.
(972) 458-5478 View (972) 458-5478
Photo of Vianka V Davila - Journey with Pegasus Therapy PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Journey with Pegasus Therapy PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
1 Endorsed
Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX 75218
Let's create a safe place for you to be able to explore; whether you need to explore your anxiety, self-esteem, or even past trauma. I enjoy helping others work on understanding and learning how to manage anxiety. I have insight within the Latinx community and enjoy working on stopping generational trauma. Trauma is a difficult journey to work through, however, it is not impossible. We will begin this journey by allowing yourself to be open and curious throughout this process. Let's set realistic goals and take one step at a time.
Let's create a safe place for you to be able to explore; whether you need to explore your anxiety, self-esteem, or even past trauma. I enjoy helping others work on understanding and learning how to manage anxiety. I have insight within the Latinx community and enjoy working on stopping generational trauma. Trauma is a difficult journey to work through, however, it is not impossible. We will begin this journey by allowing yourself to be open and curious throughout this process. Let's set realistic goals and take one step at a time.
(214) 367-5021 View (214) 367-5021
Photo of Czyz Carter - Czyz Counseling Escape Room LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Czyz Counseling Escape Room LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX 75228
As a dedicated therapist with a Masters in Clinical Counseling, I specialize in helping individuals navigate challenges such as trauma, depression, anger, and addiction. With a compassionate and collaborative approach, I provide a safe space for personal exploration and growth. Let's work together to overcome obstacles, build resilience, and foster positive changes for a more fulfilling life.
As a dedicated therapist with a Masters in Clinical Counseling, I specialize in helping individuals navigate challenges such as trauma, depression, anger, and addiction. With a compassionate and collaborative approach, I provide a safe space for personal exploration and growth. Let's work together to overcome obstacles, build resilience, and foster positive changes for a more fulfilling life.
(469) 840-1562 View (469) 840-1562
Photo of Venecia A. Webb, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Venecia A. Webb
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX 75226
My ideal patient is someone who takes their mental health seriously and strives to be healthy mentally, emotionally, and spiritually. This patient is someone who has issues with trauma or depression, and they want to learn how to cope and heal from their past traumas. This patient wants to feel better and not have flashbacks or any other disruptions in their lives so they can truly live again and be optimistic about their life.
My ideal patient is someone who takes their mental health seriously and strives to be healthy mentally, emotionally, and spiritually. This patient is someone who has issues with trauma or depression, and they want to learn how to cope and heal from their past traumas. This patient wants to feel better and not have flashbacks or any other disruptions in their lives so they can truly live again and be optimistic about their life.
(469) 296-5718 View (469) 296-5718
Photo of Samantha Boubel, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT-S, CCCPT
Samantha Boubel
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT-S, CCCPT
4 Endorsed
Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX 75231
Currently accepting new clients! Hi, I'm Samantha! I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist with over 13 years of experience helping children, teens, individual adults and families forge a safe place to move towards social and emotional health & wellness. I help people of all ages and backgrounds understand their thoughts, feelings, and needs. Together, we discover your unique strengths and grow in self-control and desired coping. I have experience treating life changes, trauma, abuse, neglect, anxiety, depression, grief and loss, ADHD, school adjustment, divorce and separation, and other behavioral concerns.
Currently accepting new clients! Hi, I'm Samantha! I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist with over 13 years of experience helping children, teens, individual adults and families forge a safe place to move towards social and emotional health & wellness. I help people of all ages and backgrounds understand their thoughts, feelings, and needs. Together, we discover your unique strengths and grow in self-control and desired coping. I have experience treating life changes, trauma, abuse, neglect, anxiety, depression, grief and loss, ADHD, school adjustment, divorce and separation, and other behavioral concerns.
(214) 346-6069 View (214) 346-6069
Photo of Karen L Ryan, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MEd, LPC-A
Karen L Ryan
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MEd, LPC-A
Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX 75214
My experiences working with a variety of specific populations include 6 years with rehab patients working to regain their mobility and independence after surgery/ physical trauma, and also with victims of domestic violence at a local women's shelter. I was born in Germany, grew up in Scotland and moved to the USA 27 years ago. This has resulted in a love of traveling, learning about other cultures, and a deep understanding of the process of relocating and the impact that can have on the life of an individual. I offer and safe, non-judgmental environment to support you as we work together on the challenges you are experiencing.
My experiences working with a variety of specific populations include 6 years with rehab patients working to regain their mobility and independence after surgery/ physical trauma, and also with victims of domestic violence at a local women's shelter. I was born in Germany, grew up in Scotland and moved to the USA 27 years ago. This has resulted in a love of traveling, learning about other cultures, and a deep understanding of the process of relocating and the impact that can have on the life of an individual. I offer and safe, non-judgmental environment to support you as we work together on the challenges you are experiencing.
(469) 421-7811 View (469) 421-7811

See more therapy options for Northeast Dallas, Dallas

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX

400+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
89% Depression
75% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
71% Relationship Issues
71% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% Aetna
77% BlueCross and BlueShield
77% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Northeast Dallas, Dallas, TX see their clients

61% In Person and Online
39% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Northeast Dallas, Dallas?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.