Therapists in Johnson City, TN

Photo of Willow & Arbor, PLLC in Johnson City, TN
Willow & Arbor, PLLC
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
Willow & Arbor, PLLC is a group therapy practice serving the Tri-Cities, TN area in person and via telehealth. Our providers recognize that there are no 'one-size fits all' treatment options. We are focused on meeting you where you are and co-creating change with you. We focus on creating a context of privacy, empathy, and insight where our clients are fully seen and heard. We treat children, teens, and adults and provide individual, family, and couples sessions.
Willow & Arbor, PLLC is a group therapy practice serving the Tri-Cities, TN area in person and via telehealth. Our providers recognize that there are no 'one-size fits all' treatment options. We are focused on meeting you where you are and co-creating change with you. We focus on creating a context of privacy, empathy, and insight where our clients are fully seen and heard. We treat children, teens, and adults and provide individual, family, and couples sessions.
(423) 607-8988 View (423) 607-8988
Photo of Lee Sinnott, Licensed Professional Counselor in Johnson City, TN
Lee Sinnott
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37604
Lee Sinnott is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 6 years of experience, working with a wide variety of people. He is passionate about helping his clients in those around him to find their personal power and developing skills to live a life of their own, making in line with their goals and dreams.
Lee Sinnott is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 6 years of experience, working with a wide variety of people. He is passionate about helping his clients in those around him to find their personal power and developing skills to live a life of their own, making in line with their goals and dreams.
(423) 561-9574 View (423) 561-9574
Photo of Sharmen Rutherford, Licensed Professional Counselor in Johnson City, TN
Sharmen Rutherford
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, ICAADC, AADC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37604
Life isn't always easy. At times, things just don't seem right or the way that we would like for them to be. Life can be frustrating, overwhelming, complicated and down-right messy. It is during these difficult seasons that Sharmen would like to come alongside you and offer strength, hope and encouragement within the confines of a safe and therapeutic environment. She offers virtual counseling to clients throughout Alabama and Tennessee and at her office in Johnson City, TN. It is her mission to serve you with dignity, respect and confidentiality while helping you to reach and surpass the treatment goals you develop together.
Life isn't always easy. At times, things just don't seem right or the way that we would like for them to be. Life can be frustrating, overwhelming, complicated and down-right messy. It is during these difficult seasons that Sharmen would like to come alongside you and offer strength, hope and encouragement within the confines of a safe and therapeutic environment. She offers virtual counseling to clients throughout Alabama and Tennessee and at her office in Johnson City, TN. It is her mission to serve you with dignity, respect and confidentiality while helping you to reach and surpass the treatment goals you develop together.
(205) 378-6761 View (205) 378-6761
Photo of Erika Fugere, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Erika Fugere
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
Hey there. Experiencing stress and anxiety, or feeling overwhelmed by the pressure of everyday life? Let's talk about it! I enjoy helping with parenting skills so you can escape the vicious cycle of yelling and the guilt that follows. Is being a parent impacting your relationships? Understandable if so! I enjoy teaching effective ways to communicate to build healthy relationships within families. I also have a passion for working with those who struggle with financial stress and helping individuals build a healthier relationship with money. My goal is to create a safe space for you to work through your struggles free of judgement.
Hey there. Experiencing stress and anxiety, or feeling overwhelmed by the pressure of everyday life? Let's talk about it! I enjoy helping with parenting skills so you can escape the vicious cycle of yelling and the guilt that follows. Is being a parent impacting your relationships? Understandable if so! I enjoy teaching effective ways to communicate to build healthy relationships within families. I also have a passion for working with those who struggle with financial stress and helping individuals build a healthier relationship with money. My goal is to create a safe space for you to work through your struggles free of judgement.
(423) 594-8102 View (423) 594-8102
Photo of Jennifer Maxson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Jennifer Maxson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
Jennifer's philosophy is "one day, and one step at a time. " She works to create a welcoming and supportive therapeutic atmosphere, working in partnership with clients to help them define their challenges and create simple objectives on their path towards achieving their mental health goals. Jennifer takes a holistic overview with clients, helping them explore all facets of their life and environment as a means to understand and address areas of struggle. Her approach offers an inclusive, comfortable setting, taking each client's personal background and culture into consideration.
Jennifer's philosophy is "one day, and one step at a time. " She works to create a welcoming and supportive therapeutic atmosphere, working in partnership with clients to help them define their challenges and create simple objectives on their path towards achieving their mental health goals. Jennifer takes a holistic overview with clients, helping them explore all facets of their life and environment as a means to understand and address areas of struggle. Her approach offers an inclusive, comfortable setting, taking each client's personal background and culture into consideration.
(423) 456-9936 View (423) 456-9936
Photo of North Star Counseling LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Johnson City, TN
North Star Counseling LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, CCATP
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37615
I provide therapy to people from all walks of life and tailor counseling to each individual. I meet people right where they are to help them take steps towards the life they want. I believe that people who struggle with their thoughts and feelings are often just looking for a way to be the person they want to be and sometimes get lost along the way. They want to hold true to their personal values when making choices but have trouble finding a way forward. I believe that, through therapy, people can learn new and creative ways to respond to those thoughts and feelings so they can get back to living a life guided by their values.
I provide therapy to people from all walks of life and tailor counseling to each individual. I meet people right where they are to help them take steps towards the life they want. I believe that people who struggle with their thoughts and feelings are often just looking for a way to be the person they want to be and sometimes get lost along the way. They want to hold true to their personal values when making choices but have trouble finding a way forward. I believe that, through therapy, people can learn new and creative ways to respond to those thoughts and feelings so they can get back to living a life guided by their values.
(423) 556-3833 View (423) 556-3833
Photo of Jordan Ashley Lovetere, Licensed Professional Counselor in Johnson City, TN
Jordan Ashley Lovetere
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601  (Online Only)
My therapeutic approach starts with meeting people where they are in their journey through life. I believe in nourishing the inner child within all of us with empathy and kindness. People are the experts of their own lives and I am simply someone to help facilitate the change they wish to implement for themselves. I work with adolescents, teenagers, and young adults to empower them in understanding and accepting themselves and their changing emotions throughout life’s transitions. Movement is a universal language and through gentle curiosity and unconditional positive regard everyone has the ability to grow and thrive.
My therapeutic approach starts with meeting people where they are in their journey through life. I believe in nourishing the inner child within all of us with empathy and kindness. People are the experts of their own lives and I am simply someone to help facilitate the change they wish to implement for themselves. I work with adolescents, teenagers, and young adults to empower them in understanding and accepting themselves and their changing emotions throughout life’s transitions. Movement is a universal language and through gentle curiosity and unconditional positive regard everyone has the ability to grow and thrive.
(423) 818-9445 View (423) 818-9445
Sierra Frosley
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
Hi! I'm Sierra, a child therapist at Sunny Path Counseling in Johnson City, TN. All people have a story to share. It is my absolute honor to hold space for the stories of the unique individuals who come to me for therapy. Providing a safe place for all my clients to feel validated, understood, and supported is something I strive for as a clinician. I am passionate about helping children and young adults in their healing process and meeting them where they are in their story. I seek to empower individuals to become their most authentic self.
Hi! I'm Sierra, a child therapist at Sunny Path Counseling in Johnson City, TN. All people have a story to share. It is my absolute honor to hold space for the stories of the unique individuals who come to me for therapy. Providing a safe place for all my clients to feel validated, understood, and supported is something I strive for as a clinician. I am passionate about helping children and young adults in their healing process and meeting them where they are in their story. I seek to empower individuals to become their most authentic self.
(423) 418-5721 View (423) 418-5721
Photo of Jodie Marie Henderson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Johnson City, TN
Jodie Marie Henderson
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPCMHSP, (TEMP)
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
I welcome all individuals on the path of exploration and healing, including children, teens, and adults. I have a passion for helping others and provide a trusting, non-judgmental, and safe space for others to tell their stories, slay their demons, and achieve their goals. We will work together at your pace on what is important to you. We will collaborate to address immediate symptoms and concerns as well as the underlying causes of the challenges you face, regardless of how insurmountable they may feel now.
I welcome all individuals on the path of exploration and healing, including children, teens, and adults. I have a passion for helping others and provide a trusting, non-judgmental, and safe space for others to tell their stories, slay their demons, and achieve their goals. We will work together at your pace on what is important to you. We will collaborate to address immediate symptoms and concerns as well as the underlying causes of the challenges you face, regardless of how insurmountable they may feel now.
(423) 818-9791 View (423) 818-9791
Photo of Tranquil JC, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Tranquil JC, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37604
Compassion, trust and balance are at the heart of the work that we do. We approach challenges with curiosity and collaboration. We strive to provide a supportive and therapeutic environment where you can navigate your concerns and align yourself with your goals. Treatment is customized and unique, as each person who we work with is special and has distinct strengths, needs and preferences. We value diversity and foster inclusivity as an ally and as a partner on your individual path. We are direct and thoughtful, supportive and empathic. We work with clients to develop strengths and achieve life goals.
Compassion, trust and balance are at the heart of the work that we do. We approach challenges with curiosity and collaboration. We strive to provide a supportive and therapeutic environment where you can navigate your concerns and align yourself with your goals. Treatment is customized and unique, as each person who we work with is special and has distinct strengths, needs and preferences. We value diversity and foster inclusivity as an ally and as a partner on your individual path. We are direct and thoughtful, supportive and empathic. We work with clients to develop strengths and achieve life goals.
(423) 214-2394 View (423) 214-2394
Photo of Caitlin Lucas, Licensed Professional Counselor in Johnson City, TN
Caitlin Lucas
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
Are you ready and motivated for change? I am here to help. It is easy to get stuck in our patterns and find ourselves unsure of how to make a significant shift. I only ask that you are willing to push past the uncomfortable emotions and honestly face things standing in your way. I believe therapy is one of the only sacred spaces that exist where you can come, as you are, and work toward where you want to be. I also believe it is not my place to be an advice giver, but a teammate who can help you find your own way through.
Are you ready and motivated for change? I am here to help. It is easy to get stuck in our patterns and find ourselves unsure of how to make a significant shift. I only ask that you are willing to push past the uncomfortable emotions and honestly face things standing in your way. I believe therapy is one of the only sacred spaces that exist where you can come, as you are, and work toward where you want to be. I also believe it is not my place to be an advice giver, but a teammate who can help you find your own way through.
(423) 210-4921 View (423) 210-4921
Photo of Jordan Lovetere, Pre-Licensed Professional in Johnson City, TN
Jordan Lovetere
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
Hi, I'm Jordan! I work with pre-teen and adolescent clients on telehealth. That means we can work through hard times in the comfort of your safe space. If you're local to Johnson City, I provide play therapy services to children ages 5 and up. I believe each person holds the answers to their own healing within themselves; it is through the therapeutic process that we can uncover them together. Through active listening techniques, I can help individuals gain greater insight into themselves so they can make lasting changes in their lives.
Hi, I'm Jordan! I work with pre-teen and adolescent clients on telehealth. That means we can work through hard times in the comfort of your safe space. If you're local to Johnson City, I provide play therapy services to children ages 5 and up. I believe each person holds the answers to their own healing within themselves; it is through the therapeutic process that we can uncover them together. Through active listening techniques, I can help individuals gain greater insight into themselves so they can make lasting changes in their lives.
(423) 564-5507 View (423) 564-5507
Photo of SpringWell Group, Psychologist in Johnson City, TN
SpringWell Group
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
Welcome to SpringWell Group! My name is Dr. Martinez & I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist offering comprehensive psychological testing, including Court-related evaluations. I also provide relational-focused therapy from a trauma-informed & attachment-based foundation that views secure relationship & interpersonal connection as central to healing and growth. I believe people have an innate need to be seen & are capable of remarkable growth, & that with caring support they can flourish in even the most difficult times. Services at client preferred location available for high privacy.
Welcome to SpringWell Group! My name is Dr. Martinez & I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist offering comprehensive psychological testing, including Court-related evaluations. I also provide relational-focused therapy from a trauma-informed & attachment-based foundation that views secure relationship & interpersonal connection as central to healing and growth. I believe people have an innate need to be seen & are capable of remarkable growth, & that with caring support they can flourish in even the most difficult times. Services at client preferred location available for high privacy.
(423) 441-4279 View (423) 441-4279
Photo of Emily R Miller, Pre-Licensed Professional in Johnson City, TN
Emily R Miller
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37615
Are you tired of anxiety and depression overrunning your life? Do you want to experience freedom from your traumatic experiences? Are you hoping to break unhealthy patterns and improve your relationships? If so, I would love to work with you! I am Emily, a Licensed Master of Social Work who is passionate about partnering with teens and young adults as they work through experiences of trauma, depression, anxiety, grief, behavioral concerns, addiction, relationship conflicts and more! What ever struggles you may be facing, I would love to partner with you to navigate it all.
Are you tired of anxiety and depression overrunning your life? Do you want to experience freedom from your traumatic experiences? Are you hoping to break unhealthy patterns and improve your relationships? If so, I would love to work with you! I am Emily, a Licensed Master of Social Work who is passionate about partnering with teens and young adults as they work through experiences of trauma, depression, anxiety, grief, behavioral concerns, addiction, relationship conflicts and more! What ever struggles you may be facing, I would love to partner with you to navigate it all.
(423) 592-8196 View (423) 592-8196
Photo of Robin Hebert, Pre-Licensed Professional in Johnson City, TN
Robin Hebert
Pre-Licensed Professional, t-LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37615
I am passionate about working with first responders and veterans. I understand the importance of having a counselor that is culturally competent in these professions. As a former first responder of 18 years (firefighter, EMT and peace officer), I have a sincere and genuine motivation to continue helping others. I specialize in trauma, anxiety, relationships, performance related challenges with athletes, and sexual health. I work with many individuals from all walks of life, not just first responders.
I am passionate about working with first responders and veterans. I understand the importance of having a counselor that is culturally competent in these professions. As a former first responder of 18 years (firefighter, EMT and peace officer), I have a sincere and genuine motivation to continue helping others. I specialize in trauma, anxiety, relationships, performance related challenges with athletes, and sexual health. I work with many individuals from all walks of life, not just first responders.
(423) 401-9854 View (423) 401-9854
Photo of CSN Counseling and Consultation, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Johnson City, TN
CSN Counseling and Consultation, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCMHSP, S, LMHC, MPA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37604
At CSN Counseling, Your better tomorrows can start today. If you are struggling with feeling "sucked into the stuckness", overwhelmed with the stress of balancing family and work, needing support while confirming your gender identity and sexuality, intimacy and sexual difficulties, or attempting to work through the lingering effects of previous trauma and/or abuse, then I would be honored to sit with you and listen to your story. We can work together to help you gain perspective and insight, while helping you to move through traumas, transitions, and stressors into a healthier and more productive life.
At CSN Counseling, Your better tomorrows can start today. If you are struggling with feeling "sucked into the stuckness", overwhelmed with the stress of balancing family and work, needing support while confirming your gender identity and sexuality, intimacy and sexual difficulties, or attempting to work through the lingering effects of previous trauma and/or abuse, then I would be honored to sit with you and listen to your story. We can work together to help you gain perspective and insight, while helping you to move through traumas, transitions, and stressors into a healthier and more productive life.
(423) 205-5766 View (423) 205-5766
Photo of Erica Petree, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Erica Petree
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37604
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker licensed in 4 states. I graduated in 2005 from Missouri State University. I am passionate about what I do and the clients I serve. I am creative and think outside the box to help you find your truth, resolve your stressors and create lasting change in your life. I serve a diverse population from infants and primary caregivers, young children, adolescents, teens and adults.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker licensed in 4 states. I graduated in 2005 from Missouri State University. I am passionate about what I do and the clients I serve. I am creative and think outside the box to help you find your truth, resolve your stressors and create lasting change in your life. I serve a diverse population from infants and primary caregivers, young children, adolescents, teens and adults.
(423) 380-7588 View (423) 380-7588
Photo of Valentina Cartes Nuñez, Pre-Licensed Professional in Johnson City, TN
Valentina Cartes Nuñez
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
I am a bilingual therapist (English and Spanish) offering services in both languages. I am passionate about working with people as they process life changes that can bring anxiety and depression and work through different types of trauma. I also have experience offering recovery support for those struggling with addictions.
I am a bilingual therapist (English and Spanish) offering services in both languages. I am passionate about working with people as they process life changes that can bring anxiety and depression and work through different types of trauma. I also have experience offering recovery support for those struggling with addictions.
(423) 482-9122 View (423) 482-9122
Photo of Clarissa Bradley Day, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Clarissa Bradley Day
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
You may be facing a range of issues, such as anxiety, stress, depression, or a general feeling of being stuck or unfulfilled. You have the courage to seek support, knowing that change is possible and that you deserve a life filled with joy, purpose, and meaning. Your needs are multifaceted, encompassing emotional support, a compassionate listener, and a skilled guide to help you navigate the complexities of your experiences. Together, we will create a therapeutic relationship built on trust, empathy, and collaboration, enabling you to explore your thoughts, feelings, and beliefs in a non-judgmental environment.
You may be facing a range of issues, such as anxiety, stress, depression, or a general feeling of being stuck or unfulfilled. You have the courage to seek support, knowing that change is possible and that you deserve a life filled with joy, purpose, and meaning. Your needs are multifaceted, encompassing emotional support, a compassionate listener, and a skilled guide to help you navigate the complexities of your experiences. Together, we will create a therapeutic relationship built on trust, empathy, and collaboration, enabling you to explore your thoughts, feelings, and beliefs in a non-judgmental environment.
(423) 799-2636 View (423) 799-2636
Photo of David Sapp, Licensed Professional Counselor in Johnson City, TN
David Sapp
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, LSPE
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
David Sapp is Licensed in the State of Tennessee as a Professional Counselor (LPC) and a Senior Psychological Examiner (LSPE). David relocated to Tennessee after growing up in New York. He received his undergraduate degree in Psychology from Milligan University and his Masters of Education in Counseling from East Tennessee State University. He has worked for 35 years as a Professional Counselor in East Tennessee in a variety of settings including outpatient counseling as well as schools, nursing homes, hospitals, and jails. In addition, David has been an adjunct instructor at Milligan University.
David Sapp is Licensed in the State of Tennessee as a Professional Counselor (LPC) and a Senior Psychological Examiner (LSPE). David relocated to Tennessee after growing up in New York. He received his undergraduate degree in Psychology from Milligan University and his Masters of Education in Counseling from East Tennessee State University. He has worked for 35 years as a Professional Counselor in East Tennessee in a variety of settings including outpatient counseling as well as schools, nursing homes, hospitals, and jails. In addition, David has been an adjunct instructor at Milligan University.
(423) 556-3788 View (423) 556-3788

See more therapy options for Johnson City

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Johnson City, TN

100+

Average cost per session

$100

Therapists in Johnson City, TN who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
67% Self Esteem
65% Coping Skills
64% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% Cigna and Evernorth
76% Aetna
73% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Johnson City, TN see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
25% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Johnson City?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.