Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of J. C. Chance, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
J. C. Chance
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94104
Becoming our most alive and authentic self is the goal of psychotherapy. If you are like many of the people that I work with, you have felt that being yourself wasn't accepted or valued in relationships, your family, or the world in general. In therapy, you have the opportunity to non-judgmentally challenge and change these learned beliefs and grow into your true self. I am especially interested in working with couples, relationship problems, anxiety, trauma, sex and sexuality, and LGBTQ.
Becoming our most alive and authentic self is the goal of psychotherapy. If you are like many of the people that I work with, you have felt that being yourself wasn't accepted or valued in relationships, your family, or the world in general. In therapy, you have the opportunity to non-judgmentally challenge and change these learned beliefs and grow into your true self. I am especially interested in working with couples, relationship problems, anxiety, trauma, sex and sexuality, and LGBTQ.
(415) 787-4872 View (415) 787-4872
Photo of Tim Cordell, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Tim Cordell
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
Chances are you feel some dissatisfaction with the things or people in your life. Maybe you feel overwhelmed and stuck, frustrated in your relationships or worried about the future. Maybe you already have some ideas about what things you'd like to be different. I will support you to make changes by helping you make the necessary contact with parts of yourself that influence the way you think, feel and act. In our sessions I will help you discover in a more full way what might be holding you back from having the life you want. We will explore your thoughts and feelings in the moment, which can lead to profound healing and change.
Chances are you feel some dissatisfaction with the things or people in your life. Maybe you feel overwhelmed and stuck, frustrated in your relationships or worried about the future. Maybe you already have some ideas about what things you'd like to be different. I will support you to make changes by helping you make the necessary contact with parts of yourself that influence the way you think, feel and act. In our sessions I will help you discover in a more full way what might be holding you back from having the life you want. We will explore your thoughts and feelings in the moment, which can lead to profound healing and change.
(415) 570-8590 View (415) 570-8590
Photo of Kirsten Harnett, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Kirsten Harnett
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
Not accepting new clients
As a therapist I believe each person has the capability and potential of living outside the bounds of fear, anxiety, apathy, and/or depression if they so desire. I see my role as both collaborator and guide, bearing witness to my client's stories and helping grow insight so new, more empowering stories might be written. I do this using several techniques including changing maladaptive, deeply ingrained thinking/feeling/behavior patterns, and exploring challenging childhood, family, and relationship history. I have experience treating issues of anxiety, depression, destructive relationship patterns, and clients with painful spiritual experiences they want assistance healing.
As a therapist I believe each person has the capability and potential of living outside the bounds of fear, anxiety, apathy, and/or depression if they so desire. I see my role as both collaborator and guide, bearing witness to my client's stories and helping grow insight so new, more empowering stories might be written. I do this using several techniques including changing maladaptive, deeply ingrained thinking/feeling/behavior patterns, and exploring challenging childhood, family, and relationship history. I have experience treating issues of anxiety, depression, destructive relationship patterns, and clients with painful spiritual experiences they want assistance healing.
(415) 723-4131 View (415) 723-4131
Photo of Becca F. Barnett, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Becca F. Barnett
Psychologist, MS, MDiv, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
Waitlist for new clients
As a licensed psychologist skilled in providing psychotherapy that addresses the full spectrum of human experience, I collaborate with you to attain healing and resolution of your problems, advance in your growth and transformation, and increasingly realize your potential. I facilitate the integration of your sense of identity, purpose, and values with the way you live your life to endow it with greater authenticity and meaning. As an Episcopal priest and Buddhist practitioner, I foster your spiritual development and worldly integration. In these ways, I assist you in the creation of a more peaceful, happy, and fulfilling life.
As a licensed psychologist skilled in providing psychotherapy that addresses the full spectrum of human experience, I collaborate with you to attain healing and resolution of your problems, advance in your growth and transformation, and increasingly realize your potential. I facilitate the integration of your sense of identity, purpose, and values with the way you live your life to endow it with greater authenticity and meaning. As an Episcopal priest and Buddhist practitioner, I foster your spiritual development and worldly integration. In these ways, I assist you in the creation of a more peaceful, happy, and fulfilling life.
(415) 801-8173 View (415) 801-8173
Photo of Beth Hayes, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Beth Hayes
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110
Finding a therapist that you connect with can be a daunting task. Making connections is one of my strengths. I have the utmost respect for each person seeking therapy and for the therapeutic process itself. Whether you are struggling, going through a transition, or looking to better understand your inner world our work can help you achieve new levels of awareness. My style is warm and non-judgmental. We can work together to uncover and understand how your unique individual life experiences shape how you feel and live. Together we can strive to make meaning, increase awareness, and minimize suffering.
Finding a therapist that you connect with can be a daunting task. Making connections is one of my strengths. I have the utmost respect for each person seeking therapy and for the therapeutic process itself. Whether you are struggling, going through a transition, or looking to better understand your inner world our work can help you achieve new levels of awareness. My style is warm and non-judgmental. We can work together to uncover and understand how your unique individual life experiences shape how you feel and live. Together we can strive to make meaning, increase awareness, and minimize suffering.
(415) 423-2344 View (415) 423-2344
Photo of Daniel G Butler, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Daniel G Butler
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
I work with adults, adolescents, and couples. Most of the adults in my practice are ambitious professionals who want to grow in their careers and/or romantic lives. As a psychoanalytic therapist, I'm trained to provide intensive therapy that leads to long-term change. As a psychodynamic coach, I help professionals tap social and psychological resources that enable them to grow into demanding leadership roles. My style is curious and playful, direct and deep.
I work with adults, adolescents, and couples. Most of the adults in my practice are ambitious professionals who want to grow in their careers and/or romantic lives. As a psychoanalytic therapist, I'm trained to provide intensive therapy that leads to long-term change. As a psychodynamic coach, I help professionals tap social and psychological resources that enable them to grow into demanding leadership roles. My style is curious and playful, direct and deep.
(415) 881-7712 View (415) 881-7712
Photo of Dax Glasson-Darling, Associate Clinical Social Worker in San Francisco, CA
Dax Glasson-Darling
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW, MT-BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
I am an associate social worker and board-certified music therapist. I aim to provide therapy that is anti-racist, accessible, queer affirming, sex and body positive, kink aware, trauma informed, and accepting of all relationship styles. My current focus is providing individual teletherapy to LGBTQIA2S+ adults experiencing life transitions and wanting to heal from trauma, depression, and anxiety. I am also passionate about working with people who are exploring sexuality, gender expression, and gender identity. I am able to provide letters for gender-affirming medical services if that is a part of your journey.
I am an associate social worker and board-certified music therapist. I aim to provide therapy that is anti-racist, accessible, queer affirming, sex and body positive, kink aware, trauma informed, and accepting of all relationship styles. My current focus is providing individual teletherapy to LGBTQIA2S+ adults experiencing life transitions and wanting to heal from trauma, depression, and anxiety. I am also passionate about working with people who are exploring sexuality, gender expression, and gender identity. I am able to provide letters for gender-affirming medical services if that is a part of your journey.
(510) 680-2176 View (510) 680-2176
Photo of Cirrena Troutt, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Cirrena Troutt
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94103  (Online Only)
Life can be challenging – we all know that – but the difficulty of these challenges and the way we adapt to them, looks different for everyone. Compassion and kindness while working through these challenges is critical to your success in being able to overcome current challenges and build upon your strengths and skills to prepare for the next. My goal as a therapist is to collaborate with you on your goals in a judgement-free environment where you can feel seen and heard, and truly be your authentic self. Together, we create the tools and techniques needed to improve your mental health and wellbeing.
Life can be challenging – we all know that – but the difficulty of these challenges and the way we adapt to them, looks different for everyone. Compassion and kindness while working through these challenges is critical to your success in being able to overcome current challenges and build upon your strengths and skills to prepare for the next. My goal as a therapist is to collaborate with you on your goals in a judgement-free environment where you can feel seen and heard, and truly be your authentic self. Together, we create the tools and techniques needed to improve your mental health and wellbeing.
(415) 993-5578 View (415) 993-5578
Photo of Alex Pack, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Alex Pack
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110
Hi! I'm Alex and I'm a licensed marriage and family therapist. My approach to therapy is integrative and eclectic, but it is individualized to each client because no two people are exactly the same. That being said, I have found my focus areas are largely anxiety, relationship challenges, life transitions and self-esteem. I work with a wide range of clients based on age, ethnicity, and other identifying characteristics. However, if I had to break it down more specifically, I believe the most common focuses of therapy are anxiety, relationships, life transitions (or change), and self-esteem building.
Hi! I'm Alex and I'm a licensed marriage and family therapist. My approach to therapy is integrative and eclectic, but it is individualized to each client because no two people are exactly the same. That being said, I have found my focus areas are largely anxiety, relationship challenges, life transitions and self-esteem. I work with a wide range of clients based on age, ethnicity, and other identifying characteristics. However, if I had to break it down more specifically, I believe the most common focuses of therapy are anxiety, relationships, life transitions (or change), and self-esteem building.
(415) 943-4202 View (415) 943-4202
Photo of Dr. Christina M. Charlotin, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Dr. Christina M. Charlotin
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94108
In our work together, my intention is to help you break away from the maladaptive thought patterns, emotions, actions, and external circumstances that keep you stuck in an unwanted experience. My goal is to help you create progress towards the life you do want for yourself. I’ll want to understand the changes you’d like to see in yourself. With this in mind, I’ll want to identify the behaviors you’d like to demonstrate, the lasting emotions you’d like to feel, and the outcomes you’d like to see present themselves in your life. With that information, we'll set the overall goals for therapy. Now providing Psychedelic Assisted Therapy.
In our work together, my intention is to help you break away from the maladaptive thought patterns, emotions, actions, and external circumstances that keep you stuck in an unwanted experience. My goal is to help you create progress towards the life you do want for yourself. I’ll want to understand the changes you’d like to see in yourself. With this in mind, I’ll want to identify the behaviors you’d like to demonstrate, the lasting emotions you’d like to feel, and the outcomes you’d like to see present themselves in your life. With that information, we'll set the overall goals for therapy. Now providing Psychedelic Assisted Therapy.
(628) 201-6946 View (628) 201-6946
Photo of Kiana Keihani, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Kiana Keihani
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
I am a licensed psychologist with over 20 years of clinical experience. My approach to psychotherapy is referred to as psychoanalytic or insight-oriented therapy. This type of therapy stresses that each person and their difficulties are unique. And that our difficulties are often rooted in factors outside of our awareness. People seek therapy for a situation that requires attention, and in my experience this generally concerns multiple and interacting problems rather than isolated symptoms. As therapy progresses the immediate feelings of distress typically diminish in severity. It then becomes possible to focus on understanding the factors that contributed to
I am a licensed psychologist with over 20 years of clinical experience. My approach to psychotherapy is referred to as psychoanalytic or insight-oriented therapy. This type of therapy stresses that each person and their difficulties are unique. And that our difficulties are often rooted in factors outside of our awareness. People seek therapy for a situation that requires attention, and in my experience this generally concerns multiple and interacting problems rather than isolated symptoms. As therapy progresses the immediate feelings of distress typically diminish in severity. It then becomes possible to focus on understanding the factors that contributed to
(415) 689-9853 View (415) 689-9853
Photo of Ivette Huerta, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Ivette Huerta
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
I have been working with the adults, parents, and families for over 20 years. I want to provide helping hands through your journey with the goal of you finding your self-worth and self-awareness. Life causes anxiety and frustrations, but with my guidance you will develop and strengthen yourself into a healthy individual. Through practical individual therapy, a change in your relationship will unfold before your eyes. I believe in creating a safe space for a client and taking time for self-care. I have worked with adults and families who've struggled with depression, anxiety, and trauma.
I have been working with the adults, parents, and families for over 20 years. I want to provide helping hands through your journey with the goal of you finding your self-worth and self-awareness. Life causes anxiety and frustrations, but with my guidance you will develop and strengthen yourself into a healthy individual. Through practical individual therapy, a change in your relationship will unfold before your eyes. I believe in creating a safe space for a client and taking time for self-care. I have worked with adults and families who've struggled with depression, anxiety, and trauma.
(415) 729-2474 View (415) 729-2474
Photo of Matthew Chappell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Matthew Chappell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACM-SW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94131
I provide compassionate, calm, warm, collaborative, direct psychotherapy influenced by a variety of psychological modalities. I believe much may be accomplished through the trusted relationship between the therapist and a person in a safe, comfortable environment. And growth accomplished by an in-depth look at serious life experiences. I provider both brief and long term psychotherapy.
I provide compassionate, calm, warm, collaborative, direct psychotherapy influenced by a variety of psychological modalities. I believe much may be accomplished through the trusted relationship between the therapist and a person in a safe, comfortable environment. And growth accomplished by an in-depth look at serious life experiences. I provider both brief and long term psychotherapy.
(415) 820-3989 View (415) 820-3989
Photo of Cera Mae Arthur-Carmody, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Cera Mae Arthur-Carmody
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Feeling stuck? Struggling to navigate transitions and change? Want to set healthy boundaries in your relationships? I'm here to support you in your journey ahead! I specialize in supporting teens, young adults, and adults navigate change, embrace new beginnings, and build healthier relationships. Let's partner together to explore how your unique gifts can guide you towards a life aligned with your values!
Feeling stuck? Struggling to navigate transitions and change? Want to set healthy boundaries in your relationships? I'm here to support you in your journey ahead! I specialize in supporting teens, young adults, and adults navigate change, embrace new beginnings, and build healthier relationships. Let's partner together to explore how your unique gifts can guide you towards a life aligned with your values!
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Photo of Leah Eisbart, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Leah Eisbart
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
I work with children, adolescents, and adults seeking support to improve social and emotional well-being and alleviate distress. I support children struggling at home or at school due to academic or environmental stressors, mood and behavioral challenges, attention and concentration difficulties, and those with learning differences. I also provide supportive parent consultation in which we work together towards a better understanding of your child’s experience and behavior to increase social-emotional functioning and academic success.
I work with children, adolescents, and adults seeking support to improve social and emotional well-being and alleviate distress. I support children struggling at home or at school due to academic or environmental stressors, mood and behavioral challenges, attention and concentration difficulties, and those with learning differences. I also provide supportive parent consultation in which we work together towards a better understanding of your child’s experience and behavior to increase social-emotional functioning and academic success.
(628) 203-1132 View (628) 203-1132
Photo of Peter Straus, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Peter Straus
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
When faced with a crisis, transition, or other stressful life situation we all intuitively seek comfort, support, and guidance. While we can often receive this from friends and family it often isn't sufficient to resolve the issue or prevent it from reoccurring. Real and lasting changes are possible but they require trying new approaches to old problems.
When faced with a crisis, transition, or other stressful life situation we all intuitively seek comfort, support, and guidance. While we can often receive this from friends and family it often isn't sufficient to resolve the issue or prevent it from reoccurring. Real and lasting changes are possible but they require trying new approaches to old problems.
(415) 689-9024 View (415) 689-9024
Photo of Shannon Gallina, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Shannon Gallina
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
I am passionate about helping people feel better. I am trained to treat a variety of issues, but I have an emphasis on treating anxiety. Other common issues that I treat are relationship issues, OCD, depression, life transitions, family conflict, co-dependency, and self-esteem. My personal style is warm, supportive, and direct. I am solution-focused and like to give my clients specific coping strategies to use.
I am passionate about helping people feel better. I am trained to treat a variety of issues, but I have an emphasis on treating anxiety. Other common issues that I treat are relationship issues, OCD, depression, life transitions, family conflict, co-dependency, and self-esteem. My personal style is warm, supportive, and direct. I am solution-focused and like to give my clients specific coping strategies to use.
(415) 915-3092 View (415) 915-3092
Louise Evette Robinson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94108
I work with individuals, couples, and families, on facilitating communication, conflict resolution, and often healing old wounds from childhood that cause difficulties in present relationships. I also work with children and their families on parenting issues. I work with couples having infertility issues and adoption.
I work with individuals, couples, and families, on facilitating communication, conflict resolution, and often healing old wounds from childhood that cause difficulties in present relationships. I also work with children and their families on parenting issues. I work with couples having infertility issues and adoption.
(415) 787-2991 View (415) 787-2991
Photo of Carolyn Ponting, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Carolyn Ponting
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
Dr. Ponting is a licensed clinical psychologist specialized in treating anxiety, traumatic stress, and depression in adults and children. In her roles as a researcher and clinician, she focuses on improving mental health during the transition to parenthood, including pregnancy and the postpartum period. Dr. Ponting also works with families with young children ages 2-6 who have experienced a recent traumatic event.
Dr. Ponting is a licensed clinical psychologist specialized in treating anxiety, traumatic stress, and depression in adults and children. In her roles as a researcher and clinician, she focuses on improving mental health during the transition to parenthood, including pregnancy and the postpartum period. Dr. Ponting also works with families with young children ages 2-6 who have experienced a recent traumatic event.
(415) 301-2339 View (415) 301-2339
Photo of Lea Didion, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Lea Didion
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123  (Online Only)
​Trauma does not discriminate. It can happen to anyone no matter their circumstances. Fortunately, there are also treatments that can help. In my 20 years of experience, I have born witness to the incredible resilience of individuals who have experienced trauma and firmly believe that recovery is possible. I have expertise in working with survivors of all forms of trauma including (but not limited to) service members, veterans, journalists (JTSN certificate), childhood abuse, chronic invalidation, developmental trauma, intergenerational trauma, immigration-related trauma, race-based trauma, and interpersonal violence.
​Trauma does not discriminate. It can happen to anyone no matter their circumstances. Fortunately, there are also treatments that can help. In my 20 years of experience, I have born witness to the incredible resilience of individuals who have experienced trauma and firmly believe that recovery is possible. I have expertise in working with survivors of all forms of trauma including (but not limited to) service members, veterans, journalists (JTSN certificate), childhood abuse, chronic invalidation, developmental trauma, intergenerational trauma, immigration-related trauma, race-based trauma, and interpersonal violence.
(202) 318-6076 View (202) 318-6076

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.