Trauma and PTSD Therapists in Bedford County, VA

Photo of Kelly Bowles, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bedford County, VA
Kelly Bowles
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Forest, VA 24551
Both of these evidence based treatments can be effective interventions for unresolved trauma along with PTSD, grief, depression and anxiety symptoms.
Do you ever feel like you are just putting band-aids on problems without really ever getting to the root of what is causing the pain? I am an outcomes oriented therapist with the skill set to help my clients achieve success. Some of the greatest client successes I have witnessed are clients who have experienced dramatic relief from debilitating depression and anxiety symptoms, through working through unresolved trauma.
Both of these evidence based treatments can be effective interventions for unresolved trauma along with PTSD, grief, depression and anxiety symptoms.
Do you ever feel like you are just putting band-aids on problems without really ever getting to the root of what is causing the pain? I am an outcomes oriented therapist with the skill set to help my clients achieve success. Some of the greatest client successes I have witnessed are clients who have experienced dramatic relief from debilitating depression and anxiety symptoms, through working through unresolved trauma.
(571) 459-7180 View (571) 459-7180
Photo of Kathryn Braswell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bedford County, VA
Kathryn Braswell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Forest, VA 24551
I have been fortunate to gain experience working with teens to older adults in both the home and outpatient setting. I believe that building trust with my clients is one of the most important parts of the therapeutic process, as it is an invaluable asset to gain as I champion them to reach their goals toward healing and thriving. I have worked with clients who have suffered from depression, anxiety, bipolar, PTSD, codependency issues, emotion dysregulation, panic disorder, and grief. I have also worked with children in the foster care system, caregivers of those in foster care, and individuals who have suffered from sexual abuse.
I have been fortunate to gain experience working with teens to older adults in both the home and outpatient setting. I believe that building trust with my clients is one of the most important parts of the therapeutic process, as it is an invaluable asset to gain as I champion them to reach their goals toward healing and thriving. I have worked with clients who have suffered from depression, anxiety, bipolar, PTSD, codependency issues, emotion dysregulation, panic disorder, and grief. I have also worked with children in the foster care system, caregivers of those in foster care, and individuals who have suffered from sexual abuse.
(434) 474-2903 View (434) 474-2903
Photo of Tara Cothren, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bedford County, VA
Tara Cothren
Licensed Professional Counselor, M Ed, LPC
Verified Verified
Forest, VA 24551
I have specialized training in Intensive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Eye Movement Desensitization and reprocessing (EMDRIA certified), Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Motivational Interviewing, and starting in August, 2023 I will be continuing my education as a Ph.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Virginia with over 15 years of experience working in various therapeutic settings. I take an individualized, person centered approach in working with adolescents and adults. I look forward to providing a healing environment to my clients to collaboratively address needs brought to each session. I have extensive training in working with trauma and addressing negative self-limiting beliefs as well as instilling more positive and adaptive methods of coping.
I have specialized training in Intensive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Eye Movement Desensitization and reprocessing (EMDRIA certified), Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Motivational Interviewing, and starting in August, 2023 I will be continuing my education as a Ph.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Virginia with over 15 years of experience working in various therapeutic settings. I take an individualized, person centered approach in working with adolescents and adults. I look forward to providing a healing environment to my clients to collaboratively address needs brought to each session. I have extensive training in working with trauma and addressing negative self-limiting beliefs as well as instilling more positive and adaptive methods of coping.
(434) 885-0465 View (434) 885-0465
Photo of Shannon Soto, Resident in Counseling in Bedford County, VA
Shannon Soto
Resident in Counseling, MA, LPC-R
Verified Verified
Forest, VA 24551
I am experienced working with clients of all ages with regards to trauma, abuse, grief/loss, life changes, teenage pressure and stress, depression, anxiety, caretaker distress, marriage and family dynamics and communication, self-efficacy and empowerment.
I am an outpatient therapist in private practice taking new clients at this time. I specialize in working with survivors, women and people who are learning to know their voice, their thoughts, their emotions as life enhancers, and discovering what they need to flourish. I aim to offer clients space to process emotions in a safe place and to come to know themselves and their needs for improved self-efficacy and empowerment.
I am experienced working with clients of all ages with regards to trauma, abuse, grief/loss, life changes, teenage pressure and stress, depression, anxiety, caretaker distress, marriage and family dynamics and communication, self-efficacy and empowerment.
I am an outpatient therapist in private practice taking new clients at this time. I specialize in working with survivors, women and people who are learning to know their voice, their thoughts, their emotions as life enhancers, and discovering what they need to flourish. I aim to offer clients space to process emotions in a safe place and to come to know themselves and their needs for improved self-efficacy and empowerment.
(434) 505-8433 View (434) 505-8433
Photo of Michelle Smith, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bedford County, VA
Michelle Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, PMH-C, RPT-S, ACS, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Forest, VA 24551
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in complex trauma and perinatal mental health.
I think the first thing someone seeking help needs to release is a sense of wrongness - "I let this happen," "I'm no good," "If only I had..." These are all normal, human responses, but they are also hurtful and create a false sense of self. The reason I became a counselor was to help those individuals carrying around guilt and shame. It affects everything - your relationships, your work, everything! I want everyone to thrive and live their fullest life. Being able to see yourself clearly, not for what you've done or did not do, is a powerful healing agent.
I specialize in complex trauma and perinatal mental health.
I think the first thing someone seeking help needs to release is a sense of wrongness - "I let this happen," "I'm no good," "If only I had..." These are all normal, human responses, but they are also hurtful and create a false sense of self. The reason I became a counselor was to help those individuals carrying around guilt and shame. It affects everything - your relationships, your work, everything! I want everyone to thrive and live their fullest life. Being able to see yourself clearly, not for what you've done or did not do, is a powerful healing agent.
(434) 505-5451 View (434) 505-5451
Photo of Stephanie Rae Trahant, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bedford County, VA
Stephanie Rae Trahant
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Forest, VA 24551  (Online Only)
I am trained in EMDR for trauma recovery.
My cousin was one of my best friends. She was bigger than life. At age 20, she left this earth, but never my heart. On her tombstone is part of her poem: "Let's think big thoughts and dream together." I offer this to all who have lost someone, who grieve for what could have been, who want something new and more colorful after the darkness of sadness.
I am trained in EMDR for trauma recovery.
My cousin was one of my best friends. She was bigger than life. At age 20, she left this earth, but never my heart. On her tombstone is part of her poem: "Let's think big thoughts and dream together." I offer this to all who have lost someone, who grieve for what could have been, who want something new and more colorful after the darkness of sadness.
(434) 595-4132 View (434) 595-4132
Photo of Katelyn Childs, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bedford County, VA
Katelyn Childs
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Forest, VA 24551
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in providing counseling for kids, teens, and adults with issues such as OCD, life stressors, trauma, family conflict, depression, and anxiety.
Instead of asking "what's wrong" with someone, my approach is to ask "what happened." Getting to the root of a problem, seeing what’s behind it and what’s contributing to it, is more beneficial in the long term than solely viewing an issue as it presents today. While providing a safe and supportive environment, I work collaboratively with clients to learn ways to manage symptoms more effectively, keep the past from negatively affecting the present, and assist clients in moving forward with clarity and purpose.
I specialize in providing counseling for kids, teens, and adults with issues such as OCD, life stressors, trauma, family conflict, depression, and anxiety.
Instead of asking "what's wrong" with someone, my approach is to ask "what happened." Getting to the root of a problem, seeing what’s behind it and what’s contributing to it, is more beneficial in the long term than solely viewing an issue as it presents today. While providing a safe and supportive environment, I work collaboratively with clients to learn ways to manage symptoms more effectively, keep the past from negatively affecting the present, and assist clients in moving forward with clarity and purpose.
(434) 201-7539 View (434) 201-7539
Photo of Debra Crowder, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bedford County, VA
Debra Crowder
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Forest, VA 24551
I have experience helping people just like you--people with depression, anxiety or PTSD.
Are you are feeling sad, irritable or empty? Do you have trouble concentrating? Have you had a panic attack? What about nightmares or disturbing recollections of past frightening events? If so, therapy can help. Adolescents and adults who have experienced abuse, neglect, violence, bullying, loss of a loved one, divorce, or relationship problems can find relief through therapy.
I have experience helping people just like you--people with depression, anxiety or PTSD.
Are you are feeling sad, irritable or empty? Do you have trouble concentrating? Have you had a panic attack? What about nightmares or disturbing recollections of past frightening events? If so, therapy can help. Adolescents and adults who have experienced abuse, neglect, violence, bullying, loss of a loved one, divorce, or relationship problems can find relief through therapy.
(434) 201-7401 View (434) 201-7401
Photo of Suzanne E. Mikkelson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bedford County, VA
Suzanne E. Mikkelson
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bedford, VA 24523
I have provided faith-integrated marriage and family therapy to individuals, couples, and families for nearly 30 years, but my current clinical focus is treating the impact of trauma using Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). You may be in a place of pain or emotional reactivity because of deep childhood injuries, exposure to combat, or the impact of secondary trauma from your work as a medical provider, a first responder, a pastor, or a missionary. I would be honored to hear your story and help you process through your experiences to a place of peacefulness and renewed hope.
I have provided faith-integrated marriage and family therapy to individuals, couples, and families for nearly 30 years, but my current clinical focus is treating the impact of trauma using Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). You may be in a place of pain or emotional reactivity because of deep childhood injuries, exposure to combat, or the impact of secondary trauma from your work as a medical provider, a first responder, a pastor, or a missionary. I would be honored to hear your story and help you process through your experiences to a place of peacefulness and renewed hope.
(434) 661-2885 View (434) 661-2885
Photo of Jon Winder, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bedford County, VA
Jon Winder
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LSATP
Verified Verified
Bedford, VA 24523
The two most important factors in effective psychotherapy are finding the right person with whom you can connect and knowing that the therapy is geared to your unique needs. My 45 years of counseling have taught me therapy is most effective when we work together. Therapy is a cooperative effort. I want to identify your strengths and apply them to your problems. If you have a history of trauma, I have found that EMDR therapy is the most effective way to treat trauma and am excited to offer this therapy.
The two most important factors in effective psychotherapy are finding the right person with whom you can connect and knowing that the therapy is geared to your unique needs. My 45 years of counseling have taught me therapy is most effective when we work together. Therapy is a cooperative effort. I want to identify your strengths and apply them to your problems. If you have a history of trauma, I have found that EMDR therapy is the most effective way to treat trauma and am excited to offer this therapy.
(434) 201-4388 View (434) 201-4388
Photo of Stacy E Louthan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bedford County, VA
Stacy E Louthan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Moneta, VA 24121
My passion lies in helping you or your child learn social and emotional regulation in order to thrive in your daily life. I have extensive experience working with children and adolescents with behavioral difficulties, trauma, and substance abuse. I enjoy working with families, couples, and adults as well as children and adolescents. I am certified in trauma focused-cognitive behavioral therapy which is an evidenced based therapy for children and adolescents with a history of trauma. I use dialectical behavioral therapy techniques, cognitive behavioral therapy, and behavior modification. Connect with me today to begin your journey towards growth.
My passion lies in helping you or your child learn social and emotional regulation in order to thrive in your daily life. I have extensive experience working with children and adolescents with behavioral difficulties, trauma, and substance abuse. I enjoy working with families, couples, and adults as well as children and adolescents. I am certified in trauma focused-cognitive behavioral therapy which is an evidenced based therapy for children and adolescents with a history of trauma. I use dialectical behavioral therapy techniques, cognitive behavioral therapy, and behavior modification. Connect with me today to begin your journey towards growth.
(540) 351-9431 View (540) 351-9431
Photo of Mandy Jensen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bedford County, VA
Mandy Jensen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Bedford, VA 24523
Mandy has experience working with different mental and behavioral needs such as trauma, depression, anxiety, divorce, aggression and others.
Mandy is a licensed professional counselor in the Commonwealth of Virginia and a National Certified Counselor. She has completed her Bachelors degree in Psychology, along with her Master’s degree in clinical mental health counseling from Liberty University. She has had the honor with working with a variety of populations including children, adolescents, adults and couples for over the past five years. Mandy has experience working with different mental and behavioral needs such as trauma, depression, anxiety, divorce, aggression and others. Mandy utilizes a variety of clinical approaches in her practice. Each
Mandy has experience working with different mental and behavioral needs such as trauma, depression, anxiety, divorce, aggression and others.
Mandy is a licensed professional counselor in the Commonwealth of Virginia and a National Certified Counselor. She has completed her Bachelors degree in Psychology, along with her Master’s degree in clinical mental health counseling from Liberty University. She has had the honor with working with a variety of populations including children, adolescents, adults and couples for over the past five years. Mandy has experience working with different mental and behavioral needs such as trauma, depression, anxiety, divorce, aggression and others. Mandy utilizes a variety of clinical approaches in her practice. Each
(434) 406-4951 View (434) 406-4951
Photo of LaPetra Whigham, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bedford County, VA
LaPetra Whigham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Forest, VA 24551
LaPetra Whigham is a liscened clinical social worker with 18 yrs of experience in mental health and integrative healthcare. She is a highly skilled and compassionate therapist who works with individuals with issues ranging from trauma, depression, anxiety, adjustment issues, emotional eating, psuedoseizures and women issues.
LaPetra Whigham is a liscened clinical social worker with 18 yrs of experience in mental health and integrative healthcare. She is a highly skilled and compassionate therapist who works with individuals with issues ranging from trauma, depression, anxiety, adjustment issues, emotional eating, psuedoseizures and women issues.
(434) 433-8089 View (434) 433-8089
Photo of Nicole M Taylor, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bedford County, VA
Nicole M Taylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Forest, VA 24551
Waitlist for new clients
I use techniques from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with a trauma-informed approach to treatment.
I have over ten years of experience in the mental health field, working with a variety of individuals across many backgrounds and treatment needs. I enjoy working with teens and young adults with anxiety who are transitioning between phases of life, as well as mothers who are trying to find balance in life. I have been certified in the treatment of trauma and am honored when someone trusts me enough to allow me into some of the darkest moments of their lives. My primary strategy is to provide a warm and safe environment based on kindness and empathic understanding.
I use techniques from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with a trauma-informed approach to treatment.
I have over ten years of experience in the mental health field, working with a variety of individuals across many backgrounds and treatment needs. I enjoy working with teens and young adults with anxiety who are transitioning between phases of life, as well as mothers who are trying to find balance in life. I have been certified in the treatment of trauma and am honored when someone trusts me enough to allow me into some of the darkest moments of their lives. My primary strategy is to provide a warm and safe environment based on kindness and empathic understanding.
(434) 201-8406 View (434) 201-8406
Photo of Courtney Seiler, Pre-Licensed Professional in Bedford County, VA
Courtney Seiler
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Forest, VA 24551
I want you to know that my heart is to walk with you. No matter what you are bringing into counseling, I desire to provide you with a safe space where you can be confident in knowing that you are seen, heard, and known. Areas of specialty include trauma, anxiety, depression, emotion dysregulation, burnout, culture shock, and spiritual integration. I am willing to follow your lead and personal choice in integrating the Christian faith and biblical principles into our sessions.
I want you to know that my heart is to walk with you. No matter what you are bringing into counseling, I desire to provide you with a safe space where you can be confident in knowing that you are seen, heard, and known. Areas of specialty include trauma, anxiety, depression, emotion dysregulation, burnout, culture shock, and spiritual integration. I am willing to follow your lead and personal choice in integrating the Christian faith and biblical principles into our sessions.
(434) 216-6103 View (434) 216-6103
Photo of Gwen Seiler, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bedford County, VA
Gwen Seiler
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bedford, VA 24523
I practice from a trauma-informed perspective, individualizing treatment to each person's needs.
My career background before pursuing a Master of Arts in counseling was as an RN and then as executive director of a nonprofit women's ministry focused on eating disorders and other co-existing conditions. When assessing a client I try to take in the whole person: body, mind, and spirit, considering how each of these components is impacting the others. If a client chooses, I am willing to incorporate Christian faith-based counseling, in addition to a mix of therapeutic approaches. I also provide couples and family counseling. I have been married for 37 years and we have three grown children, 4 grandchildren, and 2 doodle-pups.
I practice from a trauma-informed perspective, individualizing treatment to each person's needs.
My career background before pursuing a Master of Arts in counseling was as an RN and then as executive director of a nonprofit women's ministry focused on eating disorders and other co-existing conditions. When assessing a client I try to take in the whole person: body, mind, and spirit, considering how each of these components is impacting the others. If a client chooses, I am willing to incorporate Christian faith-based counseling, in addition to a mix of therapeutic approaches. I also provide couples and family counseling. I have been married for 37 years and we have three grown children, 4 grandchildren, and 2 doodle-pups.
(434) 201-7441 View (434) 201-7441
Photo of Carroll Martin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bedford County, VA
Carroll Martin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Forest, VA 24551
We will work on healing feelings around grief and loss, identity, and other adoption-related loss and trauma.
Finding a therapist you connect with can feel so overwhelming you avoid it. But that is probably why you're here, because there have been things you've been avoiding and you're ready to get some help. Being foster and adoptive parents is way harder than most people understand, especially those who haven't experienced the invasive and arduous process. As a teen or young adult, you might be feeling lost or angry. You might be having a harder time than others figuring out who are you are and where you fit in the world. My style fuses warmth, humor, and directness.
We will work on healing feelings around grief and loss, identity, and other adoption-related loss and trauma.
Finding a therapist you connect with can feel so overwhelming you avoid it. But that is probably why you're here, because there have been things you've been avoiding and you're ready to get some help. Being foster and adoptive parents is way harder than most people understand, especially those who haven't experienced the invasive and arduous process. As a teen or young adult, you might be feeling lost or angry. You might be having a harder time than others figuring out who are you are and where you fit in the world. My style fuses warmth, humor, and directness.
(540) 401-5455 View (540) 401-5455
Photo of Krystal Frailey, Resident in Counseling in Bedford County, VA
Krystal Frailey
Resident in Counseling, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Forest, VA 24551
Whether I am helping clients navigate relationship wounds, digging into attachment, making room for personal growth, or processing the impact of trauma, I utilize evidence-based practices that promote person-centered and strength-focused approaches.
I believe it is crucial for those seeking counseling to encounter a safe and compassionate environment. My goal is to meet clients where they are with warmth, connection, faith in their ability to achieve the outcomes they desire, compassionate challenge, and even humor. I hope that clients leave their therapy experience with increased awareness and insight, new skills, a sense of relief, and expanded knowledge about themselves, others and the world around them.
Whether I am helping clients navigate relationship wounds, digging into attachment, making room for personal growth, or processing the impact of trauma, I utilize evidence-based practices that promote person-centered and strength-focused approaches.
I believe it is crucial for those seeking counseling to encounter a safe and compassionate environment. My goal is to meet clients where they are with warmth, connection, faith in their ability to achieve the outcomes they desire, compassionate challenge, and even humor. I hope that clients leave their therapy experience with increased awareness and insight, new skills, a sense of relief, and expanded knowledge about themselves, others and the world around them.
(434) 202-4080 View (434) 202-4080
Photo of Marisa Jones, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bedford County, VA
Marisa Jones
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Forest, VA 24551
Using a trauma-focused, holistic approach, she meets her clients where they are to collaborate on the path to healing.
Marisa Jones, MEd is a Licensed Professional Counselor certified by the Virginia Department of Health, Board of Counseling with experience working with children, adolescents, and families. Marisa’s personal philosophy and approach to counseling is a collaborative work that considers life experiences, patterns, relationships, and beliefs that have shaped and currently influence you or your family member’s ways of being in the world.
Using a trauma-focused, holistic approach, she meets her clients where they are to collaborate on the path to healing.
Marisa Jones, MEd is a Licensed Professional Counselor certified by the Virginia Department of Health, Board of Counseling with experience working with children, adolescents, and families. Marisa’s personal philosophy and approach to counseling is a collaborative work that considers life experiences, patterns, relationships, and beliefs that have shaped and currently influence you or your family member’s ways of being in the world.
(434) 277-4691 View (434) 277-4691
Photo of Lisa Michelle Fox, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bedford County, VA
Lisa Michelle Fox
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Forest, VA 24551
Do you spend a lot of your time dealing with thoughts, emotions, or images that keep you feeling anxious and sad? Does the pain of the past or the fear of the future keep you from connecting with others and pursuing your goals? Know you are not alone. If you are tired of just coping with your thoughts and feelings I would love to talk more! I focus on helping clients get unstuck from their experiences such as childhood and adult trauma, PTSD, OCD (Obsessive-compulsive Disorder) and other anxiety and depression related issues and back into living life.
Do you spend a lot of your time dealing with thoughts, emotions, or images that keep you feeling anxious and sad? Does the pain of the past or the fear of the future keep you from connecting with others and pursuing your goals? Know you are not alone. If you are tired of just coping with your thoughts and feelings I would love to talk more! I focus on helping clients get unstuck from their experiences such as childhood and adult trauma, PTSD, OCD (Obsessive-compulsive Disorder) and other anxiety and depression related issues and back into living life.
(434) 602-9907 View (434) 602-9907

See more therapy options for Bedford County


Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.