Photo of Jernee Montoya, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Jernee Montoya
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CASAC, CCTP II
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011
I specialize in working with complex and intergenerational trauma, loss/grief, addiction, anxiety, depression, relationships, attachment and multicultural adjustment.
You have taken a courageous step in seeking therapy. It is not always easy to talk about how you feel, what you've been through or what you want. Some experiences are beyond words. I see my clients as individuals who have the brilliant capacity to heal and connect with their innate self-worth. I create a warm and comfortable space where you will feel seen and heard. My approach has a foundation in psychodynamic & trauma theory, and looks at how one's personal experiences, identities and intergenerational context impact one's here and now; it also fosters the learning of strategies to feel relief and promote healing.
I specialize in working with complex and intergenerational trauma, loss/grief, addiction, anxiety, depression, relationships, attachment and multicultural adjustment.
You have taken a courageous step in seeking therapy. It is not always easy to talk about how you feel, what you've been through or what you want. Some experiences are beyond words. I see my clients as individuals who have the brilliant capacity to heal and connect with their innate self-worth. I create a warm and comfortable space where you will feel seen and heard. My approach has a foundation in psychodynamic & trauma theory, and looks at how one's personal experiences, identities and intergenerational context impact one's here and now; it also fosters the learning of strategies to feel relief and promote healing.
(929) 590-9851 View (929) 590-9851
Photo of Henry Jangira, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Henry Jangira
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10023
Hello! My name is Henry and I am Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in the state of New York with over 10 years of experience. I work with individuals whose age ranges from 18 to 90 years old. My main focus is on the treatment of anxiety, depression, PTSD, anger management, anti-social disorders and substance abuse issues, to name a few. I utilize several treatment methodologies, including psycho-dynamic therapy, behavioral therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, humanistic therapy as well as integrative/holistic therapy.
Hello! My name is Henry and I am Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in the state of New York with over 10 years of experience. I work with individuals whose age ranges from 18 to 90 years old. My main focus is on the treatment of anxiety, depression, PTSD, anger management, anti-social disorders and substance abuse issues, to name a few. I utilize several treatment methodologies, including psycho-dynamic therapy, behavioral therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, humanistic therapy as well as integrative/holistic therapy.
(646) 846-1219 View (646) 846-1219
Photo of Ciara Diemer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Ciara Diemer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10022  (Online Only)
My profound understanding of grief, trauma, anxiety, and life transitions allows me to provide a supportive and empathetic space for individuals seeking healing.
For over a decade, I've dedicated myself to the field of clinical social work, accumulating a wealth of experience along the way. With compassion as my compass, I've embarked on the profound journey of guiding individuals towards emotional well-being for 11 impactful years. This endeavor has been marked by a commitment to understanding, supporting, and empowering those I serve. Each day, I draw upon my depth of knowledge and genuine empathy to facilitate positive change in the lives of others, fostering resilience and facilitating growth.
My profound understanding of grief, trauma, anxiety, and life transitions allows me to provide a supportive and empathetic space for individuals seeking healing.
For over a decade, I've dedicated myself to the field of clinical social work, accumulating a wealth of experience along the way. With compassion as my compass, I've embarked on the profound journey of guiding individuals towards emotional well-being for 11 impactful years. This endeavor has been marked by a commitment to understanding, supporting, and empowering those I serve. Each day, I draw upon my depth of knowledge and genuine empathy to facilitate positive change in the lives of others, fostering resilience and facilitating growth.
(518) 840-1270 View (518) 840-1270
Photo of Robyn Girson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Robyn Girson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
My treatment framework merges attachment, dialectical and systems theory thinking with trauma-focused holistic approaches.
Many of us turn to therapy at a point or place in our lives where we can no longer deal with ourselves. Seeking support is a powerful first step. Do you want to feel more connected? Less resentful? Less conflicted and fulfilled within your relationships? Are you struggling with feelings of not being good enough? By working together, we will co-create new learning environments to generate deeper insights on the sources of distress, as well as practical skills to navigate life with greater ease and meaning.
My treatment framework merges attachment, dialectical and systems theory thinking with trauma-focused holistic approaches.
Many of us turn to therapy at a point or place in our lives where we can no longer deal with ourselves. Seeking support is a powerful first step. Do you want to feel more connected? Less resentful? Less conflicted and fulfilled within your relationships? Are you struggling with feelings of not being good enough? By working together, we will co-create new learning environments to generate deeper insights on the sources of distress, as well as practical skills to navigate life with greater ease and meaning.
(929) 930-5588 View (929) 930-5588
Photo of Aaron Kogel Smucker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Aaron Kogel Smucker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
With a trauma informed approach, I work to develop a therapeutic relationship built on mutual trust, respect, and understanding. You’ve been yourself your whole life and you probably know what works for you and what doesn’t. I want therapy to be something that works for you. I know that for some of you that will require an anti-oppression practice that is identity affirming and empowering for whoever you are and whoever you might become and I am committed to that practice.
With a trauma informed approach, I work to develop a therapeutic relationship built on mutual trust, respect, and understanding. You’ve been yourself your whole life and you probably know what works for you and what doesn’t. I want therapy to be something that works for you. I know that for some of you that will require an anti-oppression practice that is identity affirming and empowering for whoever you are and whoever you might become and I am committed to that practice.
(646) 921-4236 View (646) 921-4236
Photo of Dwayne R Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Dwayne R Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10031  (Online Only)
Dwayne Brown, LCSW is a psychotherapist providing individual, couples, family and group therapy to clients as they explore life's experiences and challenges. Dwayne brings a rich, enlightened and empathetic attunement to his work. His approach is always evolving and morphs to each client’s individual needs, and is guided by his experience in the field of social work, an extensive marketing career and colorful life experience. Dwayne graduated in 2016 from Lehman College and launched his career working with marginalized minority youth and adults experiencing acute and chronic trauma.
Dwayne Brown, LCSW is a psychotherapist providing individual, couples, family and group therapy to clients as they explore life's experiences and challenges. Dwayne brings a rich, enlightened and empathetic attunement to his work. His approach is always evolving and morphs to each client’s individual needs, and is guided by his experience in the field of social work, an extensive marketing career and colorful life experience. Dwayne graduated in 2016 from Lehman College and launched his career working with marginalized minority youth and adults experiencing acute and chronic trauma.
(646) 828-1268 View (646) 828-1268
Photo of Natasha Edwards, Counselor in New York, NY
Natasha Edwards
Counselor, MA, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10026
I most treat those struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, eating disorders, women of color, GLBTQ population, and/or medical illnesses such as HIV/AIDS.
The process of beginning therapy and finding a therapist can feel overwhelming and frightening. I understand and believe those who are starting this process are truly courageous and resourceful. In my experience, I have found having a safe, contained, and trusting environment to share all of one's thoughts, feelings, and experiences can be restorative and healing. Each experience is different and some clients desire short term treatment while others wish for a more long term therapeutic relationship to achieve their goals; I look forward to exploring options and co-creating a safe and productive space with those seeking therapy.
I most treat those struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, eating disorders, women of color, GLBTQ population, and/or medical illnesses such as HIV/AIDS.
The process of beginning therapy and finding a therapist can feel overwhelming and frightening. I understand and believe those who are starting this process are truly courageous and resourceful. In my experience, I have found having a safe, contained, and trusting environment to share all of one's thoughts, feelings, and experiences can be restorative and healing. Each experience is different and some clients desire short term treatment while others wish for a more long term therapeutic relationship to achieve their goals; I look forward to exploring options and co-creating a safe and productive space with those seeking therapy.
(646) 759-9934 View (646) 759-9934
Photo of Angela Gonnella, Psychologist in New York, NY
Angela Gonnella
Psychologist, EdM, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
While I also take an overall trauma informed approach, I also provide trauma focused therapy using Trauma Focused CBT and Prolonged Exposure.
I am a licensed psychologist that specializes in the treatment of anxiety, trauma/PTSD as well as treating emotionally sensitive individuals who often feel like their emotions are intense, rapidly changing, and difficult to control. I dedicated to providing clients with a balance of acceptance, validation, and change to help them build a life worth living.
While I also take an overall trauma informed approach, I also provide trauma focused therapy using Trauma Focused CBT and Prolonged Exposure.
I am a licensed psychologist that specializes in the treatment of anxiety, trauma/PTSD as well as treating emotionally sensitive individuals who often feel like their emotions are intense, rapidly changing, and difficult to control. I dedicated to providing clients with a balance of acceptance, validation, and change to help them build a life worth living.
(631) 856-2827 View (631) 856-2827
Photo of Ilona Kulesa, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Ilona Kulesa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10029  (Online Only)
I am a psychotherapist who specializes in treating adults with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, anxiety, panic disorder and depression. I am currently working as a psychotherapist at the World Trade Center Mental Health Treatment Program at Mount Sinai where I obtained training in CBT, DBT, Trauma Focused CBT, Prolonged Exposure Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, Interpersonal therapy and Meaning Centered Psychotherapy. Being trained in many modalities, allows me to tailor your treatment to individual needs, unique characteristics and preferences that make some therapeutic approaches more efficient than others.
I am a psychotherapist who specializes in treating adults with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, anxiety, panic disorder and depression. I am currently working as a psychotherapist at the World Trade Center Mental Health Treatment Program at Mount Sinai where I obtained training in CBT, DBT, Trauma Focused CBT, Prolonged Exposure Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, Interpersonal therapy and Meaning Centered Psychotherapy. Being trained in many modalities, allows me to tailor your treatment to individual needs, unique characteristics and preferences that make some therapeutic approaches more efficient than others.
(914) 600-3290 View (914) 600-3290
Photo of Freedom Rivera - Serving Millennial + Generation Z Women, Counselor in New York, NY
Freedom Rivera - Serving Millennial + Generation Z Women
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011  (Online Only)
Freedom Rivera strives to help clients make transformative choices. She is certified in trauma-sensitive mindfulness, which is a gentle yet powerful technique to help clients thrive when dealing with symptoms of PTSD. Freedom aims to return her clients to their natural way of being, one aligned and emotionally whole. Freedom’s practice focuses on millennial and Gen Z women.
Freedom Rivera strives to help clients make transformative choices. She is certified in trauma-sensitive mindfulness, which is a gentle yet powerful technique to help clients thrive when dealing with symptoms of PTSD. Freedom aims to return her clients to their natural way of being, one aligned and emotionally whole. Freedom’s practice focuses on millennial and Gen Z women.
(929) 556-4585 View (929) 556-4585
Photo of John M. Michna, Psychologist in New York, NY
John M. Michna
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10010  (Online Only)
Life at times can be difficult turning your world upside down .I offer a direct eclectic experienced approach to psychotherapy to manage and resolve symptoms of Acute Stress Disorder, PTSD, C-PTSD, anxiety, depression and personal recovery treatment related to addictions and aftercare. I place a strong importance on you feeling safe, heard, and understood in the therapeutic relationship. Each intervention is designed to the unique needs of the client, enhancing personal choice, inner strengths, and self empowerment. Accepting new clients. Weekend appointments available.
Life at times can be difficult turning your world upside down .I offer a direct eclectic experienced approach to psychotherapy to manage and resolve symptoms of Acute Stress Disorder, PTSD, C-PTSD, anxiety, depression and personal recovery treatment related to addictions and aftercare. I place a strong importance on you feeling safe, heard, and understood in the therapeutic relationship. Each intervention is designed to the unique needs of the client, enhancing personal choice, inner strengths, and self empowerment. Accepting new clients. Weekend appointments available.
(914) 867-0224 View (914) 867-0224
Photo of Kevin Goldwater, Licensed Professional Counselor in New York, NY
Kevin Goldwater
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LMHC, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
I meet with clients of diverse backgrounds, navigating challenges such as depression, anxiety, complex PTSD, gender dysphoria, substance use, self harm, LGBQ and TGNB identities, and men’s health.
I provide attuned and empathic psychotherapy to individuals and groups, offering a warm, curious, creative and even humorous space. I believe the dynamic between client and therapist is one of our most valuable assets in therapy. Each individual brings their own perception of their needs and worldview, so I place great focus on identity, culture, and environment for this space to not only process personal struggles but to also combat oppressive exteriors that compromise our wellbeing. With compassion, energy and curiosity, I show up to meet you where you are to support and hold space for you to feel safe and seen.
I meet with clients of diverse backgrounds, navigating challenges such as depression, anxiety, complex PTSD, gender dysphoria, substance use, self harm, LGBQ and TGNB identities, and men’s health.
I provide attuned and empathic psychotherapy to individuals and groups, offering a warm, curious, creative and even humorous space. I believe the dynamic between client and therapist is one of our most valuable assets in therapy. Each individual brings their own perception of their needs and worldview, so I place great focus on identity, culture, and environment for this space to not only process personal struggles but to also combat oppressive exteriors that compromise our wellbeing. With compassion, energy and curiosity, I show up to meet you where you are to support and hold space for you to feel safe and seen.
(929) 545-6766 View (929) 545-6766
Photo of Authenticity Mental Health Counseling, PLLC, Counselor in New York, NY
Authenticity Mental Health Counseling, PLLC
Counselor, LMHC-NY, LPC-NJ, NCC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10021  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Using evidence-based, trauma-informed modalities, such as EMDR, and attachment-based approaches, I help adults identify negative core beliefs they may hold about themselves so they can replace them with more reality-based perspectives and insights.
What’s keeping you from living the life you envision? Let’s figure that out together. Everyone can benefit from counseling to get through a rough time, a life transition, relationship difficulties or a break-up, a job loss or big promotion, present and past traumas, family conflict, aging, imposter syndrome, self-doubt, difficulty with boundaries, and more. If you’re willing to uncover what's getting in your way, I can help you break through barriers, let go of what weighs you down, develop better coping skills, tap into your strengths, and live more authentically.
Using evidence-based, trauma-informed modalities, such as EMDR, and attachment-based approaches, I help adults identify negative core beliefs they may hold about themselves so they can replace them with more reality-based perspectives and insights.
What’s keeping you from living the life you envision? Let’s figure that out together. Everyone can benefit from counseling to get through a rough time, a life transition, relationship difficulties or a break-up, a job loss or big promotion, present and past traumas, family conflict, aging, imposter syndrome, self-doubt, difficulty with boundaries, and more. If you’re willing to uncover what's getting in your way, I can help you break through barriers, let go of what weighs you down, develop better coping skills, tap into your strengths, and live more authentically.
(718) 395-5268 View (718) 395-5268
Photo of Katie Rodriguez, Licensed Master Social Worker in New York, NY
Katie Rodriguez
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10036  (Online Only)
I have extensive experience working with individuals that have suffered complex trauma, specifically sexual abuse and sexual exploitation survivors.
I am passionate about working with individuals seeking support with identity, depression, anxiety, trauma and loss.
I have extensive experience working with individuals that have suffered complex trauma, specifically sexual abuse and sexual exploitation survivors.
I am passionate about working with individuals seeking support with identity, depression, anxiety, trauma and loss.
(646) 863-4843 x724 View (646) 863-4843 x724
Photo of Nicolina Bolognese, Licensed Master Social Worker in New York, NY
Nicolina Bolognese
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
As a therapist, I have experience working with a wide range of clients, specializing in couples, individuals, and group therapy. My practice focuses primarily on clients with anxiety, depression, ADHD, and PTSD, with a particular emphasis on trauma. My therapeutic modality is characterized by a combination of trauma-focused, strength-focused, narrative therapy, and solution-focused approaches. My goal is to create a safe and supportive space that allows clients to feel comfortable expressing themselves without judgment. I believe in the power of creating an empowering dynamic where clients are encouraged to be their true selves.
As a therapist, I have experience working with a wide range of clients, specializing in couples, individuals, and group therapy. My practice focuses primarily on clients with anxiety, depression, ADHD, and PTSD, with a particular emphasis on trauma. My therapeutic modality is characterized by a combination of trauma-focused, strength-focused, narrative therapy, and solution-focused approaches. My goal is to create a safe and supportive space that allows clients to feel comfortable expressing themselves without judgment. I believe in the power of creating an empowering dynamic where clients are encouraged to be their true selves.
(929) 205-6543 View (929) 205-6543
Photo of Marjeta Kane, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Marjeta Kane
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016  (Online Only)
My areas of focus are trauma, anxiety, mood disorders/depression, OCD, ADHD, Autism (treating anxiety and improving communication/social skills), attachments/crisis, borderline personality disorder, family, relationship/marital challenges.
Have you been feeling down or anxious? Do you have marital/relationship stressors and feel like things will never change? Does your child experience behavioral challenges and/or has a hard time communicating/socializing with peers? Perhaps parenting has been overwhelming and you need a safe space to talk and find new ways to manage your emotions and situations?
My areas of focus are trauma, anxiety, mood disorders/depression, OCD, ADHD, Autism (treating anxiety and improving communication/social skills), attachments/crisis, borderline personality disorder, family, relationship/marital challenges.
Have you been feeling down or anxious? Do you have marital/relationship stressors and feel like things will never change? Does your child experience behavioral challenges and/or has a hard time communicating/socializing with peers? Perhaps parenting has been overwhelming and you need a safe space to talk and find new ways to manage your emotions and situations?
(929) 499-2194 View (929) 499-2194
Photo of Danielle Lippman in New York, NY
Danielle Lippman
LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10025  (Online Only)
Danielle Lippman, LMFT, is a trauma-informed relationship therapist who provides a collaborative and holistic approach to positively impact her clients’ lives in and out of the therapy room. Using resilience-building techniques, Danielle likes to work with her clients so they can gain skills to practice in between sessions. She does premarital, couples, and individual therapy.
Danielle Lippman, LMFT, is a trauma-informed relationship therapist who provides a collaborative and holistic approach to positively impact her clients’ lives in and out of the therapy room. Using resilience-building techniques, Danielle likes to work with her clients so they can gain skills to practice in between sessions. She does premarital, couples, and individual therapy.
(929) 207-7383 View (929) 207-7383
Photo of Carlina D Leon, Counselor in New York, NY
Carlina D Leon
Counselor, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011  (Online Only)
If you feel that recovering and dealing with the trauma is like a full-time job, I can help.
It is possible you have felt invisible, almost as if your emotional pain is not justified, validated, or even acknowledged; you have to take the responsibility of cleaning up the mess someone else left -intentionally or unintentionally- in your life; ashamed of your history and afraid that if people knew some of these experiences, they would only see the “dark side” of you and not the whole human being that you are; you don't belong anywhere, and nobody can really “understand you”; afraid you could repeat these patterns with others, especially with your children, and fearful of intimacy
If you feel that recovering and dealing with the trauma is like a full-time job, I can help.
It is possible you have felt invisible, almost as if your emotional pain is not justified, validated, or even acknowledged; you have to take the responsibility of cleaning up the mess someone else left -intentionally or unintentionally- in your life; ashamed of your history and afraid that if people knew some of these experiences, they would only see the “dark side” of you and not the whole human being that you are; you don't belong anywhere, and nobody can really “understand you”; afraid you could repeat these patterns with others, especially with your children, and fearful of intimacy
(646) 588-0177 View (646) 588-0177
Photo of Dr. Paul Krebs, Psychologist in New York, NY
Dr. Paul Krebs
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
Psychotherapy can help you achieve relief in overcoming the concerns that life brings. My practice specializes in Cognitive-Behavioral, Acceptance and Commitment (ACT), and trauma-focused therapies (EMDR, CPT, PE), which have been shown to help clients achieve lasting success within a short timeframe. Whether you have a concern related to work, family or personal matters, or have a specific issue related to stress, trauma, anxiety, or depression, I am available to discuss options for therapy that can meet your needs.
Psychotherapy can help you achieve relief in overcoming the concerns that life brings. My practice specializes in Cognitive-Behavioral, Acceptance and Commitment (ACT), and trauma-focused therapies (EMDR, CPT, PE), which have been shown to help clients achieve lasting success within a short timeframe. Whether you have a concern related to work, family or personal matters, or have a specific issue related to stress, trauma, anxiety, or depression, I am available to discuss options for therapy that can meet your needs.
(347) 334-5157 View (347) 334-5157
Photo of Kiley M. Rose, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Kiley M. Rose
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10019
I specialize in attachment and developmental trauma, childhood/adulthood sexual abuse and domestic violence.
It takes strength and bravery to let others witness our suffering and I will honor that in our work together. I want to assist you in this journey by use of empathy, compassion, attunement and humor. I will help you to embrace your current state while also teaching you how to navigate, contain and process feelings. The focus of my work is to empower you to be the best version of yourself.
I specialize in attachment and developmental trauma, childhood/adulthood sexual abuse and domestic violence.
It takes strength and bravery to let others witness our suffering and I will honor that in our work together. I want to assist you in this journey by use of empathy, compassion, attunement and humor. I will help you to embrace your current state while also teaching you how to navigate, contain and process feelings. The focus of my work is to empower you to be the best version of yourself.
(917) 473-8123 View (917) 473-8123
Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.