Photo of Lily Siebert, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Lily Siebert
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64112
If you are a human person looking to improve and understand your experiences with living, I am here to help. Whether this is your first experience with counseling or you are well-seasoned in the ways of talk therapy, I'm glad you are exploring the idea. Counseling can and will help work through things like depression, anxiety, trauma, body image issues, relationship concerns, general dissatisfaction with life, and numerous other bumps in the road.
If you are a human person looking to improve and understand your experiences with living, I am here to help. Whether this is your first experience with counseling or you are well-seasoned in the ways of talk therapy, I'm glad you are exploring the idea. Counseling can and will help work through things like depression, anxiety, trauma, body image issues, relationship concerns, general dissatisfaction with life, and numerous other bumps in the road.
(816) 239-3020 View (816) 239-3020
Photo of Craig Mcandrew, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Craig Mcandrew
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCAC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64112
I also specialize in issues such as Substance abuse and PTSD.
Yes I have availability. No, I'm not in network with insurance. Your out of network benefits may cover. I'm very easy to talk to. Do you have trouble sleeping? Are you overwhelmed? Do you have a sense of doom? Have friends and/or family commented on the amount of alcohol or drugs you can take? If so, you may benefit from seeing me. Since 1996, I have worked extensively with people struggling with Substance Use Disorders, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, Anxiety, and Grief. I also take a secular approach to those who have experienced religious trauma. If you have struggled with any of these issues, I can definitely help.
I also specialize in issues such as Substance abuse and PTSD.
Yes I have availability. No, I'm not in network with insurance. Your out of network benefits may cover. I'm very easy to talk to. Do you have trouble sleeping? Are you overwhelmed? Do you have a sense of doom? Have friends and/or family commented on the amount of alcohol or drugs you can take? If so, you may benefit from seeing me. Since 1996, I have worked extensively with people struggling with Substance Use Disorders, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, Anxiety, and Grief. I also take a secular approach to those who have experienced religious trauma. If you have struggled with any of these issues, I can definitely help.
(816) 727-7769 View (816) 727-7769
Photo of Dan Smith, Pre-Licensed Professional in Kansas City, MO
Dan Smith
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, S-MFT
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64108
I’m an artist, a free-thinker, and a trauma survivor.
Don’t continue doing life closed off and disconnected. Open yourself up to connection and find the peace you’ve been needing. I want to help, but more importantly, I want to point you back to you. You don’t deserve to keep living in the dark. There is hope for all the parts of you.
I’m an artist, a free-thinker, and a trauma survivor.
Don’t continue doing life closed off and disconnected. Open yourself up to connection and find the peace you’ve been needing. I want to help, but more importantly, I want to point you back to you. You don’t deserve to keep living in the dark. There is hope for all the parts of you.
(816) 597-4868 View (816) 597-4868
Photo of Alex Ratzlaff, Pre-Licensed Professional in Kansas City, MO
Alex Ratzlaff
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64110
As a therapist, my goal is to help guide clients through the uncomfortable and often painful process of making life changes and better understanding themselves. Many of my clients struggle with trauma that has kept them stuck in a cycle. I am here to help clients navigate through difficult feelings, relationships, and/or experiences and develop ways to live a healthier, happier lifestyle. Also, as an athlete and a coach, I have unique insight working with athletes of all ages and levels. In sports performance, unlocking the mental side of the sport and making it work for you can help you achieve your next level.
As a therapist, my goal is to help guide clients through the uncomfortable and often painful process of making life changes and better understanding themselves. Many of my clients struggle with trauma that has kept them stuck in a cycle. I am here to help clients navigate through difficult feelings, relationships, and/or experiences and develop ways to live a healthier, happier lifestyle. Also, as an athlete and a coach, I have unique insight working with athletes of all ages and levels. In sports performance, unlocking the mental side of the sport and making it work for you can help you achieve your next level.
(816) 297-0887 View (816) 297-0887
Photo of Caleb M Stephens, Licensed Master Social Worker in Kansas City, MO
Caleb M Stephens
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW, LMAC, PhD
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64129  (Online Only)
I specialize in Trauma, Healing, Race, Identity, and Hope.
My name is Caleb Stephens, and I am an Intersectional Clinician. The reality of therapy is that it is inaccessible to most, and the majority of therapists gear their therapy around themselves, and not around the needs of the client, nor the layers of identity that exist. I am not a traditional therapist, as I am also an Activist, and the majority of the work that I do is Identity work. This is about meeting you where you're at, and I'm here for it.
I specialize in Trauma, Healing, Race, Identity, and Hope.
My name is Caleb Stephens, and I am an Intersectional Clinician. The reality of therapy is that it is inaccessible to most, and the majority of therapists gear their therapy around themselves, and not around the needs of the client, nor the layers of identity that exist. I am not a traditional therapist, as I am also an Activist, and the majority of the work that I do is Identity work. This is about meeting you where you're at, and I'm here for it.
(785) 470-4051 View (785) 470-4051
Photo of Janos Glynn, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Janos Glynn
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64114
Years of deep, heavy, or significant trauma? Feeling broken and unfixable? You are the person I want to work with! This trauma causes intrusive thoughts, memories, flashbacks, a short temper, reckless behavior, or a negative emotional state. We will do real work to understand why your behaviors and thoughts are the way they are, and we will find solutions and answers. I do not believe therapy should last years and my sessions reflect this.
Years of deep, heavy, or significant trauma? Feeling broken and unfixable? You are the person I want to work with! This trauma causes intrusive thoughts, memories, flashbacks, a short temper, reckless behavior, or a negative emotional state. We will do real work to understand why your behaviors and thoughts are the way they are, and we will find solutions and answers. I do not believe therapy should last years and my sessions reflect this.
(913) 349-6821 View (913) 349-6821
Photo of Gary Schmidt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kansas City, MO
Gary Schmidt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64101  (Online Only)
I have expertise in anxiety, depression, conflict resolution, and trauma-related challenges.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or stuck in repetitive patterns? As your therapist, I specialize in helping individuals like you navigate life's challenges, develop coping strategies, and cultivate resilience. Let's work together to uncover your strengths, overcome obstacles, and create a life filled with purpose and fulfillment. Your journey to healing starts here.
I have expertise in anxiety, depression, conflict resolution, and trauma-related challenges.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or stuck in repetitive patterns? As your therapist, I specialize in helping individuals like you navigate life's challenges, develop coping strategies, and cultivate resilience. Let's work together to uncover your strengths, overcome obstacles, and create a life filled with purpose and fulfillment. Your journey to healing starts here.
(314) 526-3336 View (314) 526-3336
Photo of Paige Weber, Pre-Licensed Professional in Kansas City, MO
Paige Weber
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64101
Embarking on counseling is an acknowledgment of your inner strength. Today marks a step toward wholeness, and I'm excited to support you in relationships, parenthood, anxiety, depression, trauma, or grief. A path awaits, promising change, healing, restoration, and relief. Hope is not a distant dream; it's tangible. In anxiety, trauma, or marriage challenges, there's hope within you, guiding you gently. If holding onto hope is hard now, I'm here to hold it for you. Hope isn't abstract; it shapes your journey. Taking a healing step is tough, but together we'll find your strength.
Embarking on counseling is an acknowledgment of your inner strength. Today marks a step toward wholeness, and I'm excited to support you in relationships, parenthood, anxiety, depression, trauma, or grief. A path awaits, promising change, healing, restoration, and relief. Hope is not a distant dream; it's tangible. In anxiety, trauma, or marriage challenges, there's hope within you, guiding you gently. If holding onto hope is hard now, I'm here to hold it for you. Hope isn't abstract; it shapes your journey. Taking a healing step is tough, but together we'll find your strength.
(816) 208-8150 View (816) 208-8150
Photo of Allison L Price, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Allison L Price
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, EMDR
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64114  (Online Only)
I am a trauma specialist with over 10 years of experience working with the most difficult populations including Refugees; Children and Adolescent's in the Foster Care System; Military Personnel, and Athletes. My passion is using mindfulness and EMDR to help clients recover from trauma and negative experiences in an effort to live their healthiest, most whole and productive lives.
I am a trauma specialist with over 10 years of experience working with the most difficult populations including Refugees; Children and Adolescent's in the Foster Care System; Military Personnel, and Athletes. My passion is using mindfulness and EMDR to help clients recover from trauma and negative experiences in an effort to live their healthiest, most whole and productive lives.
(417) 374-2059 View (417) 374-2059
Photo of Michael Mason, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Michael Mason
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64101  (Online Only)
As a therapist who has navigated my own challenging paths, I bring an authentic understanding to my practice, specializing in trauma-informed care and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. I am particularly attuned to the needs of veterans and the LGBTQ+ community in Missouri, helping clients not just to survive but to thrive. My approach is deeply empathetic, focusing on transforming trauma into empowerment and anxiety into insight. By integrating personalized strategies and genuine connections, I guide each client toward not only resilience but a profound sense of self-discovery and emotional fulfillment.
As a therapist who has navigated my own challenging paths, I bring an authentic understanding to my practice, specializing in trauma-informed care and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. I am particularly attuned to the needs of veterans and the LGBTQ+ community in Missouri, helping clients not just to survive but to thrive. My approach is deeply empathetic, focusing on transforming trauma into empowerment and anxiety into insight. By integrating personalized strategies and genuine connections, I guide each client toward not only resilience but a profound sense of self-discovery and emotional fulfillment.
(314) 742-9462 View (314) 742-9462
Wyatt Ezechiels
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64119
I offer various services including one-on-one counseling for individuals struggling with various mental health disorders including but not limted to depression, anxiety, PTSD, Bi-polar, ADHD, as well as drug and alcohol therapy.
Im motivated to work with clients that want to improve an aspect of their life, to change a behavior, to adjust their way of thinking or to just talk about stressful or confusing things in their life. V
I offer various services including one-on-one counseling for individuals struggling with various mental health disorders including but not limted to depression, anxiety, PTSD, Bi-polar, ADHD, as well as drug and alcohol therapy.
Im motivated to work with clients that want to improve an aspect of their life, to change a behavior, to adjust their way of thinking or to just talk about stressful or confusing things in their life. V
(816) 325-2489 View (816) 325-2489
Photo of Rebecca Dolores Correnti, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Rebecca Dolores Correnti
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCP
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64118  (Online Only)
I do both phone counseling as well as face to face counseling, psychotherapy, and coaching. These are my areas of expertise. Mediation work within the courts for divorce issues, anxiety, panic attacks, adults who have had mild to severe abuse of any kind, PTSD, high stresors, OCD, those who are overwhelmed, depression, relationship counseling for individuals, grief counseling, goal setting, work stressors/ problem solving, Career counseling and personal coaching, co-dependancy problems individual counseling,cognitive-behavior therapy, Autism spectrum, ADHD,and divorce issues with adults, assessments, disability summaries and psychological testing.
I do both phone counseling as well as face to face counseling, psychotherapy, and coaching. These are my areas of expertise. Mediation work within the courts for divorce issues, anxiety, panic attacks, adults who have had mild to severe abuse of any kind, PTSD, high stresors, OCD, those who are overwhelmed, depression, relationship counseling for individuals, grief counseling, goal setting, work stressors/ problem solving, Career counseling and personal coaching, co-dependancy problems individual counseling,cognitive-behavior therapy, Autism spectrum, ADHD,and divorce issues with adults, assessments, disability summaries and psychological testing.
(816) 912-4281 View (816) 912-4281
Photo of Jameshia Sykes, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Jameshia Sykes
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, RYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64111  (Online Only)
Self-esteem is impacted by childhood trauma, unhealthy relationships, loss of employment, physical health issues, change in status, and social media.
I specialize in helping individuals heal low self-esteem and its debilitating consequences- anxiety, depression, negative self-talk, people pleasing, and co-dependency. Feeling like you are not good enough? You’re not alone! Low self-esteem is a core issue for many who seek therapy. You may struggle with healthy relationships, find constructive criticism overwhelming, have poor boundaries, lack assertive communication, and have low performance at work/school. Living with low self-confidence and its effects is exhausting. It really IS possible to love yourself, speak kinder to yourself, and to end feelings of shame/guilt. I can help!
Self-esteem is impacted by childhood trauma, unhealthy relationships, loss of employment, physical health issues, change in status, and social media.
I specialize in helping individuals heal low self-esteem and its debilitating consequences- anxiety, depression, negative self-talk, people pleasing, and co-dependency. Feeling like you are not good enough? You’re not alone! Low self-esteem is a core issue for many who seek therapy. You may struggle with healthy relationships, find constructive criticism overwhelming, have poor boundaries, lack assertive communication, and have low performance at work/school. Living with low self-confidence and its effects is exhausting. It really IS possible to love yourself, speak kinder to yourself, and to end feelings of shame/guilt. I can help!
(816) 326-2965 View (816) 326-2965
Photo of Vanessa Wray Knight, Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Vanessa Wray Knight
Counselor, LCPC, NCC, CCMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64105
Hello! I'm Vanessa, co-owner of Secure Counseling Clinics. I've lived in KC for 20 years with my husband, 4 children, 3 dogs, 2 cats, 1 bearded dragon, and a flock of backyard chickens! I'm a Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC) in both MO and KS, Nationally Certified Counselor, Certified Clinical Mental Health Counselor, and KS board-approved clinical supervisor. My heart work is helping humans with complex trauma. Couples, as well as parents and their children, work with me to form secure attachments with each other. I help clients experiencing relationship difficulties and those who experience pain from circumstances or losses.
Hello! I'm Vanessa, co-owner of Secure Counseling Clinics. I've lived in KC for 20 years with my husband, 4 children, 3 dogs, 2 cats, 1 bearded dragon, and a flock of backyard chickens! I'm a Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC) in both MO and KS, Nationally Certified Counselor, Certified Clinical Mental Health Counselor, and KS board-approved clinical supervisor. My heart work is helping humans with complex trauma. Couples, as well as parents and their children, work with me to form secure attachments with each other. I help clients experiencing relationship difficulties and those who experience pain from circumstances or losses.
(816) 608-8444 View (816) 608-8444
Photo of Merritt Leonhardt Benz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kansas City, MO
Merritt Leonhardt Benz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW, CDWF, MCLC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64111
I am trained in KAP (Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy) which uses the psychedelic medicine Ketamine and has clinically proven positive outcomes and has been approved by the FDA as a groundbreaking treatment for treatment resistant depression, anxiety, PTSD and other issues.
Life is messy but good therapy ends. Curious about therapy or psychedelic medicine? If you came here looking for support, be encouraged. There are answers your questions. When will I feel better? What will it take for me or my relationship to change? What keeps getting in the way of my healing? The quality of your life is crafted from your decisions. Decisions can be intentional or passive, we create and re-create our lives every day. Struggle can be our greatest call to courage and the clearest path to your best life. Your breakthrough is waiting. Relationship counseling, executive coaching & individual therapy offered.
I am trained in KAP (Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy) which uses the psychedelic medicine Ketamine and has clinically proven positive outcomes and has been approved by the FDA as a groundbreaking treatment for treatment resistant depression, anxiety, PTSD and other issues.
Life is messy but good therapy ends. Curious about therapy or psychedelic medicine? If you came here looking for support, be encouraged. There are answers your questions. When will I feel better? What will it take for me or my relationship to change? What keeps getting in the way of my healing? The quality of your life is crafted from your decisions. Decisions can be intentional or passive, we create and re-create our lives every day. Struggle can be our greatest call to courage and the clearest path to your best life. Your breakthrough is waiting. Relationship counseling, executive coaching & individual therapy offered.
(816) 396-8013 View (816) 396-8013
Photo of KC Counseling Studio, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
KC Counseling Studio
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64106
My therapeutic style is ideal for clients looking to reconnect with themselves on all levels. Clients should come curious about identifying emotional and psychological blocks, as well as where trauma, tension, anxiety, or depression is stored in the physical body. I specialize in treating people who are struggling with anxiety, depression, illness, death, sexual assault survivors, and bi-polar. I frequently work with women who are trying to stabilize their body and mind after childbirth, trauma, or menapause. All are welcome.
My therapeutic style is ideal for clients looking to reconnect with themselves on all levels. Clients should come curious about identifying emotional and psychological blocks, as well as where trauma, tension, anxiety, or depression is stored in the physical body. I specialize in treating people who are struggling with anxiety, depression, illness, death, sexual assault survivors, and bi-polar. I frequently work with women who are trying to stabilize their body and mind after childbirth, trauma, or menapause. All are welcome.
(816) 623-1011 View (816) 623-1011
Photo of Kaitlyn Lickteig, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kansas City, MO
Kaitlyn Lickteig
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64131
I possess the magic, fast-acting cure for it ALL... just kidding. As a lifetime therapy participant myself, I know this path isn't short, shiny, or easy, but my job is to walk it with you once you are ready to take the first step. My work focuses on challenges in our relationships with ourselves, others, and how we navigate the world. In addition to life transitions, trauma, and grief, I specialize in perinatal mental health, mood disorders, & adolescent/student athlete issues. I am an LGBTQI+ ally, and eager to work with humans of all backgrounds, orientations, preferences, identities, cultures, & ethnicities.
I possess the magic, fast-acting cure for it ALL... just kidding. As a lifetime therapy participant myself, I know this path isn't short, shiny, or easy, but my job is to walk it with you once you are ready to take the first step. My work focuses on challenges in our relationships with ourselves, others, and how we navigate the world. In addition to life transitions, trauma, and grief, I specialize in perinatal mental health, mood disorders, & adolescent/student athlete issues. I am an LGBTQI+ ally, and eager to work with humans of all backgrounds, orientations, preferences, identities, cultures, & ethnicities.
(816) 323-3572 View (816) 323-3572
Photo of Jake Maggard, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kansas City, MO
Jake Maggard
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64108
My non-judgmental and affirming approach empowers clients to better understand and overcome pain encountered with regard to identity, trauma, or other relational conflicts.
Specializing in treating youth, individuals, couples, and families, has enabled me to help clients to better understand and process their past and current life circumstances, challenges, and barriers as they hone their ability not just survive life, but thrive in it. I am passionate about helping my clients define healthy boundaries, find healing, and grow relationships that create more fulfillment in their lives. Whether it be depression, anxiety, relational issues, divorce, separation, loss or grief, infidelity, infertility, men’s issues, performance issues, or family issues, I am here and ready to help!
My non-judgmental and affirming approach empowers clients to better understand and overcome pain encountered with regard to identity, trauma, or other relational conflicts.
Specializing in treating youth, individuals, couples, and families, has enabled me to help clients to better understand and process their past and current life circumstances, challenges, and barriers as they hone their ability not just survive life, but thrive in it. I am passionate about helping my clients define healthy boundaries, find healing, and grow relationships that create more fulfillment in their lives. Whether it be depression, anxiety, relational issues, divorce, separation, loss or grief, infidelity, infertility, men’s issues, performance issues, or family issues, I am here and ready to help!
(816) 323-8602 View (816) 323-8602
Photo of Rachel Simeone, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Rachel Simeone
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, RPT-S, MA, EdS
Verified Verified
Kansas City, MO 64110
I have training in Play Therapy, Sandtrays, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Theraplay.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor, Registered Play Therapist-Supervisor, and K-12 Certified School Counselor. I have over 20 years of experience working with children and families in non-profit and school settings.
I have training in Play Therapy, Sandtrays, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Theraplay.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor, Registered Play Therapist-Supervisor, and K-12 Certified School Counselor. I have over 20 years of experience working with children and families in non-profit and school settings.
(816) 290-7058 View (816) 290-7058
Photo of Synesis Therapy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kansas City, MO
Synesis Therapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCPC-S, LPCC, LMHC, RPT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Kansas City, MO 64111
We have immediate availability. We have a special interest in providing care for people of all ages who struggle with depression, anxiety, relationship concerns, PTSD, and family concerns, and are often called the "teen whisperer" for the younger clients. If you are navigating these concerns we offer individualized treatment plans that are set around your goals. Our main priority is to give you a place where you can process your concerns, and provide you with guidance to walk through those with skills.
We have immediate availability. We have a special interest in providing care for people of all ages who struggle with depression, anxiety, relationship concerns, PTSD, and family concerns, and are often called the "teen whisperer" for the younger clients. If you are navigating these concerns we offer individualized treatment plans that are set around your goals. Our main priority is to give you a place where you can process your concerns, and provide you with guidance to walk through those with skills.
(816) 379-6906 View (816) 379-6906

Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.