Photo of Jennifer M Harris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Massachusetts
Jennifer M Harris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116
I have in-depth training in trauma informed care with over 15yrs working in private practice and in a hospital trauma/medical services.
I am not accept new clients at this time. I work to create a space without judgment where clients can learn, heal and grow. I work with people living with life transitions, trauma, grief/life losses and chronic illness/burns with compassion, while acknowledging the unique experience of each person. Every client I meet comes with their own set of gifts, challenges, supports and dreams. No one tells the same story as another...and I welcome the distinctiveness of each client. Entering therapy can be a scary process. I take great pride in my ability to create a safe space to partner and explored with each client uniquely.
I have in-depth training in trauma informed care with over 15yrs working in private practice and in a hospital trauma/medical services.
I am not accept new clients at this time. I work to create a space without judgment where clients can learn, heal and grow. I work with people living with life transitions, trauma, grief/life losses and chronic illness/burns with compassion, while acknowledging the unique experience of each person. Every client I meet comes with their own set of gifts, challenges, supports and dreams. No one tells the same story as another...and I welcome the distinctiveness of each client. Entering therapy can be a scary process. I take great pride in my ability to create a safe space to partner and explored with each client uniquely.
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Photo of Autumn Porubsky, Psychologist in Massachusetts
Autumn Porubsky
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Easthampton, MA 01027  (Online Only)
I am a licensed psychologist with over 20 years of experience helping children, adolescents, and their parents recover from trauma. The experience of being abused or enduring a traumatic event can produce a range of challenges as a result. However, as a child or teen, navigating life thereafter can require specialized help. There is no need to face challenges alone. I specialize in helping kids and teenagers work through this process so that the trauma doesn’t define them. They can move forward with their lives in a positive, meaningful way, even discovering insights and strengths to empower them for the present and future.
I am a licensed psychologist with over 20 years of experience helping children, adolescents, and their parents recover from trauma. The experience of being abused or enduring a traumatic event can produce a range of challenges as a result. However, as a child or teen, navigating life thereafter can require specialized help. There is no need to face challenges alone. I specialize in helping kids and teenagers work through this process so that the trauma doesn’t define them. They can move forward with their lives in a positive, meaningful way, even discovering insights and strengths to empower them for the present and future.
(413) 414-4510 View (413) 414-4510
Photo of Chelsea Willis, Counselor in Massachusetts
Chelsea Willis
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newton, MA 02464
I hold a Graduate Certificate in Trauma Studies from Lesley University and a certification for Compassionate Bereavement Care offered by the Center for Loss and Trauma in partnership with the MISS Foundation and the Elisabeth Kubler-Ross Family Trust to be able to support those experiencing the effects of traumatic grief due to the death of a loved one.
In a grief-averse society that says to "get over" or "move on" from the death of a loved one, in a medical system that pathologizes bereavement as a disorder as early as one year after someone's death, in social circles that force toxic positivity, platitudes, and unsolicited advice on grieving folks, I long to offer a different presence. I come alongside traumatically bereaved children and families to offer meaningful and non-judgmental support in the wake of an unexpected or violent death, or after a prolonged illness. Death and trauma generate complex grief responses that deserve to be heard, honored, explored, and integrated.
I hold a Graduate Certificate in Trauma Studies from Lesley University and a certification for Compassionate Bereavement Care offered by the Center for Loss and Trauma in partnership with the MISS Foundation and the Elisabeth Kubler-Ross Family Trust to be able to support those experiencing the effects of traumatic grief due to the death of a loved one.
In a grief-averse society that says to "get over" or "move on" from the death of a loved one, in a medical system that pathologizes bereavement as a disorder as early as one year after someone's death, in social circles that force toxic positivity, platitudes, and unsolicited advice on grieving folks, I long to offer a different presence. I come alongside traumatically bereaved children and families to offer meaningful and non-judgmental support in the wake of an unexpected or violent death, or after a prolonged illness. Death and trauma generate complex grief responses that deserve to be heard, honored, explored, and integrated.
(781) 725-5947 View (781) 725-5947
Photo of Daphne Blount, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Massachusetts
Daphne Blount
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Lincoln, MA 01773
Extensive experience across gender spectrum in anxiety, depression, ptsd, geriatrics, veteran, divorce & terminal illness.
You are likely reading these offerings because you are dissatisfied with some aspect of your life. Be it identity, family, friend, work/school or a past traumatic event, my focus is on helping you sort things out to improve your quality of life. Having a nonjudgmental, compassionate clinician with over 2 decades of individual, couple and group psychotherapy experience may be all you need to get back on track. No current openings.
Extensive experience across gender spectrum in anxiety, depression, ptsd, geriatrics, veteran, divorce & terminal illness.
You are likely reading these offerings because you are dissatisfied with some aspect of your life. Be it identity, family, friend, work/school or a past traumatic event, my focus is on helping you sort things out to improve your quality of life. Having a nonjudgmental, compassionate clinician with over 2 decades of individual, couple and group psychotherapy experience may be all you need to get back on track. No current openings.
(617) 446-5585 View (617) 446-5585
Photo of Hui Ju Chang, Counselor in Massachusetts
Hui Ju Chang
Counselor, LMHC, ATR
Verified Verified
Natick, MA 01760
I integrate expressive art therapy with talk therapy, mindfulness, Trauma-Informed Care, and CBT to help clients find peace, balance, calmness, and joy.
You can’t stop the waves, but you can learn to surf.” – Jon Kabat-Zinn Feeling anxious and burnt out? Having a hard time getting out of bed or managing daily responsibilities? Do you find yourself having the same fights over and over in relationships? Are you struggling to find hope and joy in your life? Are you wondering if you can truly heal from traumas? You don't have to continue feeling this way. My clients have been able to regain a sense of joy, peace, life balance, and hope through their work with me.
I integrate expressive art therapy with talk therapy, mindfulness, Trauma-Informed Care, and CBT to help clients find peace, balance, calmness, and joy.
You can’t stop the waves, but you can learn to surf.” – Jon Kabat-Zinn Feeling anxious and burnt out? Having a hard time getting out of bed or managing daily responsibilities? Do you find yourself having the same fights over and over in relationships? Are you struggling to find hope and joy in your life? Are you wondering if you can truly heal from traumas? You don't have to continue feeling this way. My clients have been able to regain a sense of joy, peace, life balance, and hope through their work with me.
(508) 392-5346 View (508) 392-5346
Photo of Joseph Spinazzola, Psychologist in Massachusetts
Joseph Spinazzola
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Melrose, MA 02176
Waitlist for new clients
In my 30+ years of experience as a therapist, clinical supervisor, researcher, educator and writer on complex trauma, I have come to believe that we are shaped as much by the good things that went missing from our lives as the bad things that happened to us. My clients have often endured severe abuse, neglect, oppression, and other forms of life adversity. They have learned to cope and survive in ways that get misunderstood and misdiagnosed, and that can cause profound stigma, shame and social rejection. Their courage and resilience inspires awe. Finding a therapist who can see and accept all parts of them is one key to recovery.
In my 30+ years of experience as a therapist, clinical supervisor, researcher, educator and writer on complex trauma, I have come to believe that we are shaped as much by the good things that went missing from our lives as the bad things that happened to us. My clients have often endured severe abuse, neglect, oppression, and other forms of life adversity. They have learned to cope and survive in ways that get misunderstood and misdiagnosed, and that can cause profound stigma, shame and social rejection. Their courage and resilience inspires awe. Finding a therapist who can see and accept all parts of them is one key to recovery.
(339) 293-0698 View (339) 293-0698
Photo of Maria Angela Citro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Massachusetts
Maria Angela Citro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Wakefield, MA 01880
Our team has been trained in various different treatment models that are trauma informed, solution focused and client-centered.
Regardless of the times, the circumstance or the individual, building a relationship with trust, value and efficacy matters. We also believe that this can look different for everyone. Given that, it is important that prior to finding the right therapeutic approach that meets your specific needs, we must first develop a mutual understanding and rapport with one another that feels supportive in moving forward. Next, it will become our responsibility to listen and understand what it is you would like to address and what your goals are. Your voice, experiences, and perceptions will lead us through this process.
Our team has been trained in various different treatment models that are trauma informed, solution focused and client-centered.
Regardless of the times, the circumstance or the individual, building a relationship with trust, value and efficacy matters. We also believe that this can look different for everyone. Given that, it is important that prior to finding the right therapeutic approach that meets your specific needs, we must first develop a mutual understanding and rapport with one another that feels supportive in moving forward. Next, it will become our responsibility to listen and understand what it is you would like to address and what your goals are. Your voice, experiences, and perceptions will lead us through this process.
(781) 490-9353 View (781) 490-9353
Photo of Heather Colangelo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Massachusetts
Heather Colangelo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Hanover, MA 02339
With an understanding of the specific exposures to trauma to those to serve, help and heal and the impact to the family beside them, I aim to help develop sustainable skills for maintaining personal wellness, boundaries, and balance.
Warm Greetings! Through individual and group therapy, the goal of my practice is to reduce suffering, expand personal freedom, and assist to find the patterns in your life that have hindered your ability to imagine and achieve the life you desire. I rely on a client-centered approach to therapy and draw from a variety of therapeutic techniques including Cognitive-Behavioral (CBT), Humanistic, Didactic individual and group work, and Mindfulness-based therapies.
With an understanding of the specific exposures to trauma to those to serve, help and heal and the impact to the family beside them, I aim to help develop sustainable skills for maintaining personal wellness, boundaries, and balance.
Warm Greetings! Through individual and group therapy, the goal of my practice is to reduce suffering, expand personal freedom, and assist to find the patterns in your life that have hindered your ability to imagine and achieve the life you desire. I rely on a client-centered approach to therapy and draw from a variety of therapeutic techniques including Cognitive-Behavioral (CBT), Humanistic, Didactic individual and group work, and Mindfulness-based therapies.
(339) 900-3684 View (339) 900-3684
Photo of Thom Delahunt, Marriage & Family Therapist in Massachusetts
Thom Delahunt
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, CCTP-II
Verified Verified
Quincy, MA 02169  (Online Only)
I am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional trained in EMDR and other trauma therapies.
Now Accepting New Clients. Do you feel like you're just floating through life with no goals or clarity? Feeling stuck and without purpose? There are times when it can feel there is no available path for a way out. Trauma intensifies these emotions and feelings. I can help you find a way out of your life's struggles. I provide a safe space for processing traumatic and painful emotions. Along with private feelings and thoughts that can be otherwise to challenging & overwhelming too manage alone. Together we'll work towards attainable goals that will enrich your life.
I am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional trained in EMDR and other trauma therapies.
Now Accepting New Clients. Do you feel like you're just floating through life with no goals or clarity? Feeling stuck and without purpose? There are times when it can feel there is no available path for a way out. Trauma intensifies these emotions and feelings. I can help you find a way out of your life's struggles. I provide a safe space for processing traumatic and painful emotions. Along with private feelings and thoughts that can be otherwise to challenging & overwhelming too manage alone. Together we'll work towards attainable goals that will enrich your life.
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Photo of Elizabeth Lopez, Counselor in Massachusetts
Elizabeth Lopez
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
I'm a firm believer that you don't need to wait until things get really bad to start therapy. Navigating the journeys of trauma, anxiety, and depression can be challenging, but you don't have to face them alone. I offer a warm, compassionate, safe space where your process is respected, valued, and guided with expertise. Empowerment is at the core of my therapeutic philosophy, and I'm here to support you as you reclaim your narrative and embark on a journey toward healing. Collaboratively, we will develop your coping strategies, enhance your self-awareness, and nurture inner resources that will guide you through the healing process.
I'm a firm believer that you don't need to wait until things get really bad to start therapy. Navigating the journeys of trauma, anxiety, and depression can be challenging, but you don't have to face them alone. I offer a warm, compassionate, safe space where your process is respected, valued, and guided with expertise. Empowerment is at the core of my therapeutic philosophy, and I'm here to support you as you reclaim your narrative and embark on a journey toward healing. Collaboratively, we will develop your coping strategies, enhance your self-awareness, and nurture inner resources that will guide you through the healing process.
(508) 644-8543 View (508) 644-8543
Photo of Kaylin Petracca, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Massachusetts
Kaylin Petracca
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Orange, MA 01364  (Online Only)
I applaud you for considering therapy, as it can be a challenging decision and may invoke a variety of feelings. You may have experienced a traumatic event or series of events that continue to impact your life, you may be exploring your identity and personal belief systems, or you may be experiencing complex emotions that you'd like support in processing. I am passionate about working with trauma survivors, especially those within the LGBTQ community. Trauma is complex and unique to each survivor.
I applaud you for considering therapy, as it can be a challenging decision and may invoke a variety of feelings. You may have experienced a traumatic event or series of events that continue to impact your life, you may be exploring your identity and personal belief systems, or you may be experiencing complex emotions that you'd like support in processing. I am passionate about working with trauma survivors, especially those within the LGBTQ community. Trauma is complex and unique to each survivor.
(978) 541-1701 View (978) 541-1701
Photo of Rachael Duda Maitland, Counselor in Massachusetts
Rachael Duda Maitland
Counselor, RYT , APP, LMHC
Verified Verified
Salem, MA 01970
Waitlist for new clients
My focus is to offer a supportive and welcoming space for you to explore your process of healing, and to step into the brilliance of and belonging with all that you are. I offer a compassionate, creative, collaborative, intuitive, trauma-informed, and skill-based approach to the work. My view of holistic is one that considers a systemic lens, as well as the use of integrative modalities that support a mind-body approach for embodied living. I work with individuals navigating life transitions, relationships, fertility, grief, anxiety, depression, and trauma.
My focus is to offer a supportive and welcoming space for you to explore your process of healing, and to step into the brilliance of and belonging with all that you are. I offer a compassionate, creative, collaborative, intuitive, trauma-informed, and skill-based approach to the work. My view of holistic is one that considers a systemic lens, as well as the use of integrative modalities that support a mind-body approach for embodied living. I work with individuals navigating life transitions, relationships, fertility, grief, anxiety, depression, and trauma.
(978) 306-2809 View (978) 306-2809
Photo of Nicole Laughrey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Massachusetts
Nicole Laughrey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201  (Online Only)
Do you struggle with overwhelming emotions, negative thought patterns, or unresolved pain from trauma, causing you to feel stuck, helpless, confused, lost or alone? I want you to know that you're not alone. If you're here, it’s a sign of your courage, hope, and vision that brighter days are on the horizon. You can imagine yourself feeling safer, grounded in your body, and more connected with others. If you're searching for a non-judgmental, validating, and safe space to help support you in understanding, processing, and healing from adverse childhood experiences, such as abuse or exposure to domestic violence, I welcome you.
Do you struggle with overwhelming emotions, negative thought patterns, or unresolved pain from trauma, causing you to feel stuck, helpless, confused, lost or alone? I want you to know that you're not alone. If you're here, it’s a sign of your courage, hope, and vision that brighter days are on the horizon. You can imagine yourself feeling safer, grounded in your body, and more connected with others. If you're searching for a non-judgmental, validating, and safe space to help support you in understanding, processing, and healing from adverse childhood experiences, such as abuse or exposure to domestic violence, I welcome you.
(413) 779-8871 View (413) 779-8871
Photo of Sasha Pansovoy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Massachusetts
Sasha Pansovoy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Roslindale, MA 02131  (Online Only)
I have extensive training and experience with helping teens and adults heal from trauma, relationship issues, loss, and life transitions.
Perhaps you feel discouraged and are seeking therapy because you have tried to make changes but haven’t noticed a difference. Maybe you continue to be impacted by overwhelming events from the past. You could be reaching out because you’re experiencing anxiety, sadness, disconnection from others, or difficulty with navigating life transitions and managing stress. Maybe you’ve noticed your child is having a hard time and are reaching out on their behalf. You may want to build up your self esteem and have more fulfilling relationships, or to feel more connected to yourself, to grow, and to enjoy life.
I have extensive training and experience with helping teens and adults heal from trauma, relationship issues, loss, and life transitions.
Perhaps you feel discouraged and are seeking therapy because you have tried to make changes but haven’t noticed a difference. Maybe you continue to be impacted by overwhelming events from the past. You could be reaching out because you’re experiencing anxiety, sadness, disconnection from others, or difficulty with navigating life transitions and managing stress. Maybe you’ve noticed your child is having a hard time and are reaching out on their behalf. You may want to build up your self esteem and have more fulfilling relationships, or to feel more connected to yourself, to grow, and to enjoy life.
(617) 826-9916 View (617) 826-9916
Photo of Rachel Ellingson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Massachusetts
Rachel Ellingson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02144
I am social justice-oriented, trauma-informed, with a harm-reduction based, liberation health philosophy of care.
Hi, my name is Rachel, and I’m excited to be providing queer-affirming therapy through Queer Therapy Boston. As a queer and nonbinary neurodivergent fat person, I bring not only clinical experience but also lived experience in these areas. I specialize in working with queer and trans individuals, couples and polycules. I am poly and kink friendly, and have extensive experience working with people who have experienced complex trauma, are exploring their identities, going through life transitions, and just trying to survive under capitalism.
I am social justice-oriented, trauma-informed, with a harm-reduction based, liberation health philosophy of care.
Hi, my name is Rachel, and I’m excited to be providing queer-affirming therapy through Queer Therapy Boston. As a queer and nonbinary neurodivergent fat person, I bring not only clinical experience but also lived experience in these areas. I specialize in working with queer and trans individuals, couples and polycules. I am poly and kink friendly, and have extensive experience working with people who have experienced complex trauma, are exploring their identities, going through life transitions, and just trying to survive under capitalism.
(857) 226-3278 View (857) 226-3278
Photo of Rose Anne Negele, Psychologist in Massachusetts
Rose Anne Negele
Psychologist, EdD
Verified Verified
North Quincy, MA 02171  (Online Only)
Do you find yourself suffering from more stress and anxiety than usual? Are you functioning less well at work than you know you are capable of? Is there strain in your relationships with one or more people you really care about - e.g., your partner, family member, friend? Are you searching for a fulfilling intimate relationship but having trouble finding the right person? Are you having trouble sleeping? Is body image a problem? Do you have sexual concerns? Have you experienced trauma in your life that interferes with your enjoyment of relationships and yourself because you never had an opportunity to work it through?
Do you find yourself suffering from more stress and anxiety than usual? Are you functioning less well at work than you know you are capable of? Is there strain in your relationships with one or more people you really care about - e.g., your partner, family member, friend? Are you searching for a fulfilling intimate relationship but having trouble finding the right person? Are you having trouble sleeping? Is body image a problem? Do you have sexual concerns? Have you experienced trauma in your life that interferes with your enjoyment of relationships and yourself because you never had an opportunity to work it through?
(617) 941-9685 View (617) 941-9685
Photo of Remy Springer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Massachusetts
Remy Springer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02130
I am EMDR certified and have used this evidence-based approach to help with a variety of issues including trauma, anxiety, depression, OCD and others.
I see therapy as a collaborative process in which I listen to how you want to move forward with your goals. I always take time to really hear how you, as an individual or couple, want to make changes and respect your own choices in your life. We sometimes find ourselves repeating negative patterns or stuck in challenging situations but have difficulty knowing how to make lasting changes. Therapy can help make this clearer.
I am EMDR certified and have used this evidence-based approach to help with a variety of issues including trauma, anxiety, depression, OCD and others.
I see therapy as a collaborative process in which I listen to how you want to move forward with your goals. I always take time to really hear how you, as an individual or couple, want to make changes and respect your own choices in your life. We sometimes find ourselves repeating negative patterns or stuck in challenging situations but have difficulty knowing how to make lasting changes. Therapy can help make this clearer.
(781) 859-0265 View (781) 859-0265
Photo of Yvette Kasparian, Counselor in Massachusetts
Yvette Kasparian
Counselor
Verified Verified
East Longmeadow, MA 01028  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Life can feel messy. Whether you are in crisis mode, grieving a loss, seeking relief from past trauma, disillusioned with the daily grind, or simply looking for ways to make your life and relationships more fulfilling, I can help you navigate the challenges you are facing.
Life can feel messy. Whether you are in crisis mode, grieving a loss, seeking relief from past trauma, disillusioned with the daily grind, or simply looking for ways to make your life and relationships more fulfilling, I can help you navigate the challenges you are facing.
(413) 402-6045 View (413) 402-6045
Photo of Sarah Bogoian, Counselor in Massachusetts
Sarah Bogoian
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Shrewsbury, MA 01545
We all have the power to heal from hard times - even from trauma - it's within us, it's human. Sometimes we need another person to support us in our journey to move on from hard times. I believe growth and change are always possible outcomes. I provide thoughtful attention and gentle encouragement to support hope, healing, and most importantly, a relationship with yourself that is loving. My goal is to help you increase self-awareness, self-compassion, and self agency - skills that help you understand yourself and your unique value in the world.
We all have the power to heal from hard times - even from trauma - it's within us, it's human. Sometimes we need another person to support us in our journey to move on from hard times. I believe growth and change are always possible outcomes. I provide thoughtful attention and gentle encouragement to support hope, healing, and most importantly, a relationship with yourself that is loving. My goal is to help you increase self-awareness, self-compassion, and self agency - skills that help you understand yourself and your unique value in the world.
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Photo of Susana Puertas Manso, Counselor in Massachusetts
Susana Puertas Manso
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Swampscott, MA 01907  (Online Only)
I believe that in pain and struggle there is also resilience, strength and even opportunity. Therapy is a process of growth and self understanding that leads to relief and change. I work with clients facing many challenges including trauma, depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties and work problems. I have extensive experience working with diverse populations, I welcome all people, including LGBTQ+, ethnic racial minorities and anyone who may have felt othered due to their identities.
I believe that in pain and struggle there is also resilience, strength and even opportunity. Therapy is a process of growth and self understanding that leads to relief and change. I work with clients facing many challenges including trauma, depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties and work problems. I have extensive experience working with diverse populations, I welcome all people, including LGBTQ+, ethnic racial minorities and anyone who may have felt othered due to their identities.
(505) 557-1192 View (505) 557-1192

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Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.