Photo of Evelyn Garcia, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Evelyn Garcia
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85710  (Online Only)
My passion lies in working with those who struggle with PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, Co-dependency, Attachment Disorders, Relational and Familial struggles, and life transitions.
Being able to seek out help is difficult and there are so many thoughts of “will this help?” which is completely valid. It is scary but seeking help can also be empowering and a sign of strength. I strongly believe in building from your strengths and resilient qualities. My priority is providing a safe space to feel heard, understood, and validated without judgment. The focus of our sessions will entail compassion, empathy, and reflection.
My passion lies in working with those who struggle with PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, Co-dependency, Attachment Disorders, Relational and Familial struggles, and life transitions.
Being able to seek out help is difficult and there are so many thoughts of “will this help?” which is completely valid. It is scary but seeking help can also be empowering and a sign of strength. I strongly believe in building from your strengths and resilient qualities. My priority is providing a safe space to feel heard, understood, and validated without judgment. The focus of our sessions will entail compassion, empathy, and reflection.
(520) 492-1535 View (520) 492-1535
Photo of Mary Kay Irving, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Mary Kay Irving
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85718
I use evidence based and trauma informed practices such as EMDR and DBT.
When you area ready to make big changes and get out of the rut you are stuck in, give me a call. I'm passionate about helping people move through and beyond their traumas, self defeating beliefs and habits to create the life and relationships they really want and deserve. Does any of this resonate? You sometimes feel like you are in the same old place, you know or suspect your past gets in the way of your happiness in the here and now. You know you're a good person and deserve better. You're intelligent and talented and now you are committed to creating a different and better life for yourself. Well, I'm here to help you.
I use evidence based and trauma informed practices such as EMDR and DBT.
When you area ready to make big changes and get out of the rut you are stuck in, give me a call. I'm passionate about helping people move through and beyond their traumas, self defeating beliefs and habits to create the life and relationships they really want and deserve. Does any of this resonate? You sometimes feel like you are in the same old place, you know or suspect your past gets in the way of your happiness in the here and now. You know you're a good person and deserve better. You're intelligent and talented and now you are committed to creating a different and better life for yourself. Well, I'm here to help you.
(520) 397-3332 View (520) 397-3332
Photo of Rebecca Tolman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Rebecca Tolman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85715
My practice serves people as young as 6 to teens, adults, and seniors. I work with people struggling with life changes and transitions, anxiety, depression, specific traumas, long term trauma and neglect, relationship challenges, and phobias, as well as the issues and conditions caused by these challenges.
My practice serves people as young as 6 to teens, adults, and seniors. I work with people struggling with life changes and transitions, anxiety, depression, specific traumas, long term trauma and neglect, relationship challenges, and phobias, as well as the issues and conditions caused by these challenges.
(520) 341-2326 View (520) 341-2326
Photo of Alden Carroll Counseling , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Alden Carroll Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85705
Are you tired of feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, feeling burnt out, or being too hard on yourself? Would you like to have the ability to better balance your emotions and stress as well as improve your relationship with yourself and others? If so, I’d love to support you! In the 24 years I’ve worked in mental health, I’ve seen my clients transform their lives to feel more centered and confidant by implementing the simple tools and insights I can teach you. I support people experiencing anxiety, burn out, depression, fertility issues, relationship and communication challenges, and unresolved trauma.
Are you tired of feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, feeling burnt out, or being too hard on yourself? Would you like to have the ability to better balance your emotions and stress as well as improve your relationship with yourself and others? If so, I’d love to support you! In the 24 years I’ve worked in mental health, I’ve seen my clients transform their lives to feel more centered and confidant by implementing the simple tools and insights I can teach you. I support people experiencing anxiety, burn out, depression, fertility issues, relationship and communication challenges, and unresolved trauma.
(520) 447-4309 View (520) 447-4309
Photo of Rooted Therapy & Wellness LLC, Pre-Licensed Professional in Tucson, AZ
Rooted Therapy & Wellness LLC
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, LAC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85745
Accepting NEW Clients! Do you struggle with unexplainable body aches, pains, insomnia, weight gain, anxiety, depression, relational issues, or familial conflicts? If any of these describes you, your body may be reacting and holding on to trauma. Trauma can be acute, chronic or complex and often are developed during our childhood years and many times is unconsciously passed down from our parents. I work with clients to battle their body from both a physical and mental standpoint in regards to their trauma. I specialize in healing trauma by getting to the root cause. In order to heal on the outside you have to heal on the inside.
Accepting NEW Clients! Do you struggle with unexplainable body aches, pains, insomnia, weight gain, anxiety, depression, relational issues, or familial conflicts? If any of these describes you, your body may be reacting and holding on to trauma. Trauma can be acute, chronic or complex and often are developed during our childhood years and many times is unconsciously passed down from our parents. I work with clients to battle their body from both a physical and mental standpoint in regards to their trauma. I specialize in healing trauma by getting to the root cause. In order to heal on the outside you have to heal on the inside.
(520) 412-7102 View (520) 412-7102
Photo of Sequoia Springs Trauma Healing Center, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Sequoia Springs Trauma Healing Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85715
Waitlist for new clients
Sequoia Springs Trauma Healing Center is here to help by providing therapy services to individuals, couples and families as they find their path into healing and recovery. We specialize in the treatment of trauma and work with people who would like to improve their sense of connection, communication, empowerment and healing in the challenges that create stress, conflict, isolation, and addiction. Together we can work to challenge defenses and patterns that create disconnect, dissatisfaction, and overall unhappiness - at school, work, relationships, home or in yourself.
Sequoia Springs Trauma Healing Center is here to help by providing therapy services to individuals, couples and families as they find their path into healing and recovery. We specialize in the treatment of trauma and work with people who would like to improve their sense of connection, communication, empowerment and healing in the challenges that create stress, conflict, isolation, and addiction. Together we can work to challenge defenses and patterns that create disconnect, dissatisfaction, and overall unhappiness - at school, work, relationships, home or in yourself.
(520) 447-4164 View (520) 447-4164
Photo of Julia M Ambriz, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Julia M Ambriz
Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85712  (Online Only)
I work with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, eating disorders, body image issues, complex trauma, PTSD, grief and relationship issues.
In a world where we are constantly experiencing trauma, both directly and indirectly, it can be difficult to identify how deeply different things in life affect us. I believe that the experience of feeling understood can be the catalyst for change and something that allows for healing to begin. I aim to provide a space of healing, openness and exploration for those things that you might otherwise suppress or carry with heaviness or judgment. Together, we can heal that unresolved stuff from the past and create skills to support you through future circumstances.
I work with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, eating disorders, body image issues, complex trauma, PTSD, grief and relationship issues.
In a world where we are constantly experiencing trauma, both directly and indirectly, it can be difficult to identify how deeply different things in life affect us. I believe that the experience of feeling understood can be the catalyst for change and something that allows for healing to begin. I aim to provide a space of healing, openness and exploration for those things that you might otherwise suppress or carry with heaviness or judgment. Together, we can heal that unresolved stuff from the past and create skills to support you through future circumstances.
(520) 210-5247 View (520) 210-5247
Photo of Dawn Copps, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Dawn Copps
Counselor, LAC, SEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85718
Do you find yourself struggling with all the constant shifts in life these days, on top of any grief, stress, depression, trauma or anxiety that you could have already been experiencing? It is an unbelievably wild time of change in our world right now, which heightens and impacts underlying personal life/struggles. All of us need help at some point and maybe now is your time to settle into a powerful therapeutic relationship that can facilitate healing. Whether it’s challenging old thinking, lessening anxiety, or releasing old trauma, you can create a sense of peace and joy in your life.
Do you find yourself struggling with all the constant shifts in life these days, on top of any grief, stress, depression, trauma or anxiety that you could have already been experiencing? It is an unbelievably wild time of change in our world right now, which heightens and impacts underlying personal life/struggles. All of us need help at some point and maybe now is your time to settle into a powerful therapeutic relationship that can facilitate healing. Whether it’s challenging old thinking, lessening anxiety, or releasing old trauma, you can create a sense of peace and joy in your life.
(520) 376-8229 View (520) 376-8229
Photo of Robin Memel Fox, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Robin Memel Fox
Counselor, MA, BC-DMT, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85715
Waitlist for new clients
I believe that clients are co-creators in the process. Healing and growth occurs when we are willing to share openly and work towards developing an authentic, therapeutic relationship. I have extensive experience with survivors of all types of trauma, relationship issues, domestic abuse, mood disorders, infertility issues, eating disorders, substance use, women's/men's issues & lifestyle changes. The therapeutic process will focus on helping you to re-discover & develop strengths, resiliency and coping skills. Join me as I create a safe space for you to dive into exploring the source of your current struggles and innate wisdom.
I believe that clients are co-creators in the process. Healing and growth occurs when we are willing to share openly and work towards developing an authentic, therapeutic relationship. I have extensive experience with survivors of all types of trauma, relationship issues, domestic abuse, mood disorders, infertility issues, eating disorders, substance use, women's/men's issues & lifestyle changes. The therapeutic process will focus on helping you to re-discover & develop strengths, resiliency and coping skills. Join me as I create a safe space for you to dive into exploring the source of your current struggles and innate wisdom.
(520) 332-6144 View (520) 332-6144
Photo of Stacey Gonzales, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Stacey Gonzales
Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85741  (Online Only)
Are you a man struggling with addiction, depression, anxiety, no purpose in life, or trauma? Is it hard to ask for help, express your emotions, or understand why you're feeling so lost? With a blue-collared background, I've been there before, and now I professionally help men overcome their biggest challenges. I've worked in several settings with men including facilitating therapeutic men's groups, working as a primary trauma therapist at a residential treatment center, and as a psych associate in the Arizona State Prison Complex. As a man of Christian faith, I bring forth a loving, genuine and truthful approach to each session.
Are you a man struggling with addiction, depression, anxiety, no purpose in life, or trauma? Is it hard to ask for help, express your emotions, or understand why you're feeling so lost? With a blue-collared background, I've been there before, and now I professionally help men overcome their biggest challenges. I've worked in several settings with men including facilitating therapeutic men's groups, working as a primary trauma therapist at a residential treatment center, and as a psych associate in the Arizona State Prison Complex. As a man of Christian faith, I bring forth a loving, genuine and truthful approach to each session.
(520) 214-8165 View (520) 214-8165
Photo of Gerald Whitehawk Transpersonal Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Gerald Whitehawk Transpersonal Therapist
MA, BA, CST, CCHt
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85712
Are you too fatigued, worried, depressed or unable to fall asleep? Are you grieving or experiencing painful flashbacks and overwhelming emotions? Is mind racing and feel that you don't fit in the world, anymore? Are you feeling hopeless and helpless? Conventional, one-size-fits-all therapeutic models lack authenticity, in stark contrast with the uniqueness of individual life. I'm an Esotherapist(tm) and Australian Level 4 Registered Counselor (LPC equivalent) living in US and specializing in PTSD, depression, anxiety/panic, grief, addictions, relationships, existential and identity crises. I am also a clinical hypnotherapist, NLP practitioner and life-coach.
Are you too fatigued, worried, depressed or unable to fall asleep? Are you grieving or experiencing painful flashbacks and overwhelming emotions? Is mind racing and feel that you don't fit in the world, anymore? Are you feeling hopeless and helpless? Conventional, one-size-fits-all therapeutic models lack authenticity, in stark contrast with the uniqueness of individual life. I'm an Esotherapist(tm) and Australian Level 4 Registered Counselor (LPC equivalent) living in US and specializing in PTSD, depression, anxiety/panic, grief, addictions, relationships, existential and identity crises. I am also a clinical hypnotherapist, NLP practitioner and life-coach.
(520) 447-3263 View (520) 447-3263
Photo of Gretchen Harris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Gretchen Harris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85718
My approach is person centered, open and trauma informed, and I use a variety of techniques including EMDR, IFS/parts work, attachment work and play therapy.
Hope is an important starting place for therapy. Hope that life can feel different, that relationships can improve and that joy, contentment and peace are possible. I invite you to collaborate with me on getting to know more about your patterns, thoughts and feelings. People often reach out for therapy due to feeling stuck or overwhelmed. We can work together to identify goals and create a plan to help find relief. I work with a wide range of ages, including children and adults.
My approach is person centered, open and trauma informed, and I use a variety of techniques including EMDR, IFS/parts work, attachment work and play therapy.
Hope is an important starting place for therapy. Hope that life can feel different, that relationships can improve and that joy, contentment and peace are possible. I invite you to collaborate with me on getting to know more about your patterns, thoughts and feelings. People often reach out for therapy due to feeling stuck or overwhelmed. We can work together to identify goals and create a plan to help find relief. I work with a wide range of ages, including children and adults.
(520) 397-3477 View (520) 397-3477
Photo of Devanand Heins, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Devanand Heins
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85742
I am passionate about supporting others in discovering a sense of alignment with their authentic self. My belief is when we come to peace with who we are and learn to embody the unique gifts we offer the World, our mental health is able to improve and stabilize. This includes the ability to overcome trauma, anxiety, depression, and other mental health challenges. Through developing relationship to ourselves and our bodies, we can find untapped resilience from within. I specialize in working with adults and the aging population.
I am passionate about supporting others in discovering a sense of alignment with their authentic self. My belief is when we come to peace with who we are and learn to embody the unique gifts we offer the World, our mental health is able to improve and stabilize. This includes the ability to overcome trauma, anxiety, depression, and other mental health challenges. Through developing relationship to ourselves and our bodies, we can find untapped resilience from within. I specialize in working with adults and the aging population.
(720) 706-3730 View (720) 706-3730
Photo of Laura Blackman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Laura Blackman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PLLC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85711
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with extensive experience working with adults facing a wide range of mental health and relationship needs. My clientele includes people who are in crisis, those who have experienced trauma, those with ongoing support needs, and often a combination of all of three. It is important to me that my practice welcomes and includes adults of varying ages, ethnic and racial identities, gender identities, sexual identities, and those with a variety of abilities and disabilities.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with extensive experience working with adults facing a wide range of mental health and relationship needs. My clientele includes people who are in crisis, those who have experienced trauma, those with ongoing support needs, and often a combination of all of three. It is important to me that my practice welcomes and includes adults of varying ages, ethnic and racial identities, gender identities, sexual identities, and those with a variety of abilities and disabilities.
(520) 369-4184 View (520) 369-4184
Photo of Gloria Constance Mathiesen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Gloria Constance Mathiesen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, C-DBT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85718  (Online Only)
Gloria C. Mathiesen, MA, LMT, LPC, C-DBT, ERYT-500, Certified Aromatherapist, Usui Reiki Master/Teacher. I am only available virtually through the platform ZOOM. Big or small, trauma is trauma, it is something that I enjoy helping people navigate through and come out of. Your story is important, and it is an honor when you share it with me. I am a big fan of Internal Family Systems Theory and integrate it with all other aspects of our work together. I believe we all share an internal world of "protective parts" and through them we can begin the healing process.
Gloria C. Mathiesen, MA, LMT, LPC, C-DBT, ERYT-500, Certified Aromatherapist, Usui Reiki Master/Teacher. I am only available virtually through the platform ZOOM. Big or small, trauma is trauma, it is something that I enjoy helping people navigate through and come out of. Your story is important, and it is an honor when you share it with me. I am a big fan of Internal Family Systems Theory and integrate it with all other aspects of our work together. I believe we all share an internal world of "protective parts" and through them we can begin the healing process.
(520) 201-2481 View (520) 201-2481
Photo of Carly Mance, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Carly Mance
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSc, LPC, CSAT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85719
I specialize in trauma, attachment and relationship issues, and other mood recovery. Are you feeling confused, stuck, lost, or trapped in a cycle of emotions and behaviors that don't align with who you know you are? Need help making sense of your life and your thoughts? Sometimes untangling a big knot takes a fresh pair of eyes.
I specialize in trauma, attachment and relationship issues, and other mood recovery. Are you feeling confused, stuck, lost, or trapped in a cycle of emotions and behaviors that don't align with who you know you are? Need help making sense of your life and your thoughts? Sometimes untangling a big knot takes a fresh pair of eyes.
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Photo of Tiffany Morgan, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Tiffany Morgan
Counselor, LPC, MS, MEd, MA
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85712  (Online Only)
My other specialties are trauma, PTSD, eating disorders, and anxiety.
Would you like to reconnect to your authentic self? Are you fed up with doing the same things that don't work? As a therapist, I provide a safe place to become curious about experiences that burden you from enjoying your life. Do you want to stop criticizing yourself? Do you want to find relief from extreme behaviors, anxiety, and depression? Possibly you feel isolated from others or altered by a traumatic experience. I am listening. I welcome all aspects of you to be heard.
My other specialties are trauma, PTSD, eating disorders, and anxiety.
Would you like to reconnect to your authentic self? Are you fed up with doing the same things that don't work? As a therapist, I provide a safe place to become curious about experiences that burden you from enjoying your life. Do you want to stop criticizing yourself? Do you want to find relief from extreme behaviors, anxiety, and depression? Possibly you feel isolated from others or altered by a traumatic experience. I am listening. I welcome all aspects of you to be heard.
(520) 582-9313 View (520) 582-9313
Photo of Luke Ryan - Gender Identity Center, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Luke Ryan - Gender Identity Center
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85704
As a Therapist, I am here to help you navigate different life paths, celebrations and barriers. I utilize an integrative approach to therapy, incorporating holistic wellness into my practice. Some Therapeutic Interventions I use include Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Trauma Informed Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy, and Interpersonal Therapy. I believe reliance on empowerment and self-discovery are crucial to healing. My education includes a Bachelor of Arts in Clinical Psychology from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas in 2015 and a Masters of Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Southern New Hampshire University in 2022.
As a Therapist, I am here to help you navigate different life paths, celebrations and barriers. I utilize an integrative approach to therapy, incorporating holistic wellness into my practice. Some Therapeutic Interventions I use include Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Trauma Informed Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy, and Interpersonal Therapy. I believe reliance on empowerment and self-discovery are crucial to healing. My education includes a Bachelor of Arts in Clinical Psychology from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas in 2015 and a Masters of Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Southern New Hampshire University in 2022.
(520) 464-4604 View (520) 464-4604
Photo of Sallie Tyrrell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Sallie Tyrrell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, LISAC, SEP, EMDR
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85739  (Online Only)
I continue to work on my own trauma and issues that hold me back from following my highest good.
I accept UHC, UHC Medicare Advantage insurance, Optum, Optum Medicare Insurance, and UBH, UBH Medicare. I do not accept traditional Medicare or Medicare supplements. I'm a trauma therapist and an EMDRIA certified EMDR therapist, using my years of being a Somatic Experience Practitioner in serving first responders, military, vets, and trauma survivors. As an addiction recovery counselor, I coaching you through transitions, using my intuition and build upon your strengths. If you want someone to listen and hold space for you as you process, I am here for you. If you want someone to help you process, I am here for you.
I continue to work on my own trauma and issues that hold me back from following my highest good.
I accept UHC, UHC Medicare Advantage insurance, Optum, Optum Medicare Insurance, and UBH, UBH Medicare. I do not accept traditional Medicare or Medicare supplements. I'm a trauma therapist and an EMDRIA certified EMDR therapist, using my years of being a Somatic Experience Practitioner in serving first responders, military, vets, and trauma survivors. As an addiction recovery counselor, I coaching you through transitions, using my intuition and build upon your strengths. If you want someone to listen and hold space for you as you process, I am here for you. If you want someone to help you process, I am here for you.
(520) 231-7890 View (520) 231-7890
Photo of Traci Grabb, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Traci Grabb
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85705
Accepting new ketamine clients only. Making the decision to contact a ketamine integration therapist can be difficult and my goal is to make the process as welcoming as possible in a comfortable and calm office setting. A growing body of research demonstrates that ketamine treatment incorporated with a robust psychotherapy integration program can be a powerful tool in the therapeutic treatment of depression, anxiety, PTSD, grief and loss, substance dependencies and other psychiatric conditions.
Accepting new ketamine clients only. Making the decision to contact a ketamine integration therapist can be difficult and my goal is to make the process as welcoming as possible in a comfortable and calm office setting. A growing body of research demonstrates that ketamine treatment incorporated with a robust psychotherapy integration program can be a powerful tool in the therapeutic treatment of depression, anxiety, PTSD, grief and loss, substance dependencies and other psychiatric conditions.
(520) 445-4607 View (520) 445-4607

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Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.