Trauma and PTSD Therapists in 94925

Photo of Michelle Kipper, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94925, CA
Michelle Kipper
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Corte Madera, CA 94925
My specialties include: trauma, grief, life transitions, depression, and anxiety and I am certified in EMDR.
Finding a therapist can be a very daunting task. The idea of telling your story or pushing yourself to make that initial call can feel difficult. I have profound empathy for anyone who feels vulnerable enough to seek therapy. Finding a place to feel safe, heard and supported is essential in therapy, and I strive to provide that for my clients. I bring warmth and curiosity into my work and I will challenge you at times with acceptance and openness.
My specialties include: trauma, grief, life transitions, depression, and anxiety and I am certified in EMDR.
Finding a therapist can be a very daunting task. The idea of telling your story or pushing yourself to make that initial call can feel difficult. I have profound empathy for anyone who feels vulnerable enough to seek therapy. Finding a place to feel safe, heard and supported is essential in therapy, and I strive to provide that for my clients. I bring warmth and curiosity into my work and I will challenge you at times with acceptance and openness.
(415) 534-4383 View (415) 534-4383
Photo of Sylvan Streightiff | Emdr | Art Therapist, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in 94925, CA
Sylvan Streightiff | Emdr | Art Therapist
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, AT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Corte Madera, CA 94925  (Online Only)
As a Chronic Illness, Neurodivergence, Anxiety, Depression, and Complex Trauma Specialist, I help individuals, families, and couples overcome challenges by addressing the Mind, Body, and Soul. My therapy space welcomes the expression of all emotions without judgment. My approach uses curiosity to understand any persistent and overwhelming thoughts in order to gain a sense of relief and acceptance. Together we can work collaboratively to meet your needs, understand perceptions, cultivate your strengths, improve relationships and self-esteem, and achieve personal growth.
As a Chronic Illness, Neurodivergence, Anxiety, Depression, and Complex Trauma Specialist, I help individuals, families, and couples overcome challenges by addressing the Mind, Body, and Soul. My therapy space welcomes the expression of all emotions without judgment. My approach uses curiosity to understand any persistent and overwhelming thoughts in order to gain a sense of relief and acceptance. Together we can work collaboratively to meet your needs, understand perceptions, cultivate your strengths, improve relationships and self-esteem, and achieve personal growth.
(408) 610-1744 View (408) 610-1744
Photo of Jenna Darlington, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 94925, CA
Jenna Darlington
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, L, C, S, W
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Corte Madera, CA 94925  (Online Only)
I have experience providing therapy for clients who have faced trauma, anxiety, depression, PTSD, abuse, neglect and more.
Hello! My name is Jenna. I am a licensed therapist, clinician and a California native from the Bay Area. I believe therapy and counseling services should be accessible for all. My approach is simple, we work together as a team to accomplish your treatment goals. I want to be a person in your life that you can depend on. Please let me know how I can help! Thanks, -Jenna
I have experience providing therapy for clients who have faced trauma, anxiety, depression, PTSD, abuse, neglect and more.
Hello! My name is Jenna. I am a licensed therapist, clinician and a California native from the Bay Area. I believe therapy and counseling services should be accessible for all. My approach is simple, we work together as a team to accomplish your treatment goals. I want to be a person in your life that you can depend on. Please let me know how I can help! Thanks, -Jenna
(415) 909-5369 View (415) 909-5369
Photo of Robin Mayer, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94925, CA
Robin Mayer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Corte Madera, CA 94925
My focus is to assist adults, adolescents, and couples lessen or eliminate anxiety, depression, stress, fears, relationship issues, substance abuse, and trauma.
If you are hoping to make a change, I can help you. By shifting perspectives, we can collaboratively help break patterns that impair relationships, health and work. Therapy can be safe and effective; I will help you reach your goals and increase emotional resilience.
My focus is to assist adults, adolescents, and couples lessen or eliminate anxiety, depression, stress, fears, relationship issues, substance abuse, and trauma.
If you are hoping to make a change, I can help you. By shifting perspectives, we can collaboratively help break patterns that impair relationships, health and work. Therapy can be safe and effective; I will help you reach your goals and increase emotional resilience.
(415) 891-8638 View (415) 891-8638
Photo of Kelly Paquette, Psychologist in 94925, CA
Kelly Paquette
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Corte Madera, CA 94925  (Online Only)
Dr. Kelly Paquette is a licensed clinical psychologist with specialties in post-traumatic stress, trauma, depression, stress, and anxiety, providing a safe and nonjudgmental space for her patients to be fully heard and supported. Dr. Paquette incorporates a variety of evidence-based interventions to help make the changes her patients seek, as well as cultivate insight and self-awareness into patterns of relationships, behaviors, and emotions. Her treatment approach is integrative, empowering, and collaborative.
Dr. Kelly Paquette is a licensed clinical psychologist with specialties in post-traumatic stress, trauma, depression, stress, and anxiety, providing a safe and nonjudgmental space for her patients to be fully heard and supported. Dr. Paquette incorporates a variety of evidence-based interventions to help make the changes her patients seek, as well as cultivate insight and self-awareness into patterns of relationships, behaviors, and emotions. Her treatment approach is integrative, empowering, and collaborative.
(415) 548-7768 View (415) 548-7768
Photo of Maite Acedo, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94925, CA
Maite Acedo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Corte Madera, CA 94925
Through therapy, I help you develop the tools and skills for deeper understanding of how and why you get stuck in pain, self-defeating behaviors, relational problems, or internal/life struggles. Working together, we go to the root causes of different diagnoses: anxiety, depression, PTSD, dissociation, addictive behaviors, and relational difficulties. We work on transforming the patterns, beliefs and emotions that interfere with living your greatest potential. My deep approach and your consistency can change your neurobiology (nervous system and brain) resulting in increased clarity, self-love, peace, courage, and other strengths.
Through therapy, I help you develop the tools and skills for deeper understanding of how and why you get stuck in pain, self-defeating behaviors, relational problems, or internal/life struggles. Working together, we go to the root causes of different diagnoses: anxiety, depression, PTSD, dissociation, addictive behaviors, and relational difficulties. We work on transforming the patterns, beliefs and emotions that interfere with living your greatest potential. My deep approach and your consistency can change your neurobiology (nervous system and brain) resulting in increased clarity, self-love, peace, courage, and other strengths.
(415) 786-7296 View (415) 786-7296
Photo of Jennifer Dorsey, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94925, CA
Jennifer Dorsey
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Corte Madera, CA 94925
I specialize in helping adults, teens, romantic partners, and families heal from hurt, trauma and shame in order to become better connected to themselves and one another. The majority of my practice focuses on healing emotional wounds, anxiety, and improving your relationships (including experiences of divorce and blended families). I work collaboratively with you to set goals for therapy that are curated to your individual preferences and needs, and I often draw from Attachment Theory, Emotionally Focused Therapy, Internal Family Systems, and somatic awareness.
I specialize in helping adults, teens, romantic partners, and families heal from hurt, trauma and shame in order to become better connected to themselves and one another. The majority of my practice focuses on healing emotional wounds, anxiety, and improving your relationships (including experiences of divorce and blended families). I work collaboratively with you to set goals for therapy that are curated to your individual preferences and needs, and I often draw from Attachment Theory, Emotionally Focused Therapy, Internal Family Systems, and somatic awareness.
(415) 903-7685 View (415) 903-7685
Photo of Christine Valdez, Psychologist in 94925, CA
Christine Valdez
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Corte Madera, CA 94925
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with expertise in empirically supported treatments for trauma-related issues, including post-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety. I specialize in individual and group therapy for adults who have experienced interpersonal trauma.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with expertise in empirically supported treatments for trauma-related issues, including post-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety. I specialize in individual and group therapy for adults who have experienced interpersonal trauma.
(510) 851-8934 View (510) 851-8934
Photo of Cynthia L Dennis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 94925, CA
Cynthia L Dennis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MBA
Verified Verified
Corte Madera, CA 94925
As a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional, and with over 25 years experience in the health care arena, I work with young adults, individuals and couples who struggle with relationships, have communication challenges, and are in need of strategies to identify and utilize new skills.
Have you been feeling lonely with more sad days than happy ones, or maybe you need guidance to reach that next stage or goal in your life? Whatever the reason, Heart to Heart Counseling & Coaching can help. It takes courage to ask for support, and together we can collaboratively work to pivot in the direction towards your expected outcomes.
As a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional, and with over 25 years experience in the health care arena, I work with young adults, individuals and couples who struggle with relationships, have communication challenges, and are in need of strategies to identify and utilize new skills.
Have you been feeling lonely with more sad days than happy ones, or maybe you need guidance to reach that next stage or goal in your life? Whatever the reason, Heart to Heart Counseling & Coaching can help. It takes courage to ask for support, and together we can collaboratively work to pivot in the direction towards your expected outcomes.
(415) 340-8427 View (415) 340-8427
Photo of Davida Taurek, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in 94925, CA
Davida Taurek
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Corte Madera, CA 94925
With over 25 years of teaching movement meditation, dance, and improvisational theater, I have a unique set of skills to help you release and transform fear, trauma, anxiety, depression, and isolation into a more alive, spontaneous, and freer way of being.
The foundation of my work with you rests in the belief that human connection based on insight and empathy is transformational. Often times suffering is a result of habitual patterns and behaviors based on fear, and difficult experiences. This drains our natural ability to enjoy life, and unfortunately cultivates a culture of isolation and aloneness. Our honest and trusting therapeutic relationship will transmute your aloneness so that you once again have access to your innate resiliency and wonder of life. It takes courage and vulnerability to reach out for support. Know I will be your ally.
With over 25 years of teaching movement meditation, dance, and improvisational theater, I have a unique set of skills to help you release and transform fear, trauma, anxiety, depression, and isolation into a more alive, spontaneous, and freer way of being.
The foundation of my work with you rests in the belief that human connection based on insight and empathy is transformational. Often times suffering is a result of habitual patterns and behaviors based on fear, and difficult experiences. This drains our natural ability to enjoy life, and unfortunately cultivates a culture of isolation and aloneness. Our honest and trusting therapeutic relationship will transmute your aloneness so that you once again have access to your innate resiliency and wonder of life. It takes courage and vulnerability to reach out for support. Know I will be your ally.
(415) 855-7306 View (415) 855-7306
Photo of Kate Pearson, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94925, CA
Kate Pearson, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Corte Madera, CA 94925
I have extensive training in DBT, EMDR, psychodynamic and attachment-based therapies, and practice from a trauma-informed approach.
Anaïs Nin wrote "we see the world not as it is, but as we are." Without self-reflection, we can all fall into old patterns and behaviors which no longer serve us. With self-reflection we can make sense of our worldview and become active agents of change and growth in our own lives. I have about 20 years of clinical experience practicing psychotherapy in a variety of settings.
I have extensive training in DBT, EMDR, psychodynamic and attachment-based therapies, and practice from a trauma-informed approach.
Anaïs Nin wrote "we see the world not as it is, but as we are." Without self-reflection, we can all fall into old patterns and behaviors which no longer serve us. With self-reflection we can make sense of our worldview and become active agents of change and growth in our own lives. I have about 20 years of clinical experience practicing psychotherapy in a variety of settings.
(415) 853-3850 View (415) 853-3850
Photo of Samantha Russell, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in 94925, CA
Samantha Russell
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, EMP, RMT
Verified Verified
Corte Madera, CA 94925
I specialize in helping women to healing from trauma, PSTD, anxiety, and difficult painful childhoods.
I am passionate about helping both professional women and expecting mothers/ couples, who are dedicated to personal growth and spiritual development, but who feel trapped by anxiety and trauma, to experience a path of deep, meaningful and enjoyable transformation and liberation. I use a signature blend of a somatic, trauma-informed psychotherapy techniques combined with Reiki and Sacred Anatomy Energy Medicine to thoroughly transform and release trauma from its roots in your energy field, and help you enjoy your life anew with authentic, joyful and self-expression. For expecting mothers I offer a special program.
I specialize in helping women to healing from trauma, PSTD, anxiety, and difficult painful childhoods.
I am passionate about helping both professional women and expecting mothers/ couples, who are dedicated to personal growth and spiritual development, but who feel trapped by anxiety and trauma, to experience a path of deep, meaningful and enjoyable transformation and liberation. I use a signature blend of a somatic, trauma-informed psychotherapy techniques combined with Reiki and Sacred Anatomy Energy Medicine to thoroughly transform and release trauma from its roots in your energy field, and help you enjoy your life anew with authentic, joyful and self-expression. For expecting mothers I offer a special program.
(415) 366-9443 View (415) 366-9443
Photo of Alexandra Nichols, Psychologist in 94925, CA
Alexandra Nichols
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Corte Madera, CA 94925  (Online Only)
Dr. Alexandra Nichols is a licensed clinical psychologist and uses a relational psychodynamic approach to therapy, integrating additional interventions from cognitive behavioral and other techniques to meet each client’s needs. Dr. Nichols collaborates with clients to address emotional pain, to make changes, and to develop understanding and meaning. She shapes her approach based on culture, identity, and client goals. She has experience with a wide variety of concerns including depression, anxiety, trauma, grief and loss, life transitions, self-esteem, and relationship issues.
Dr. Alexandra Nichols is a licensed clinical psychologist and uses a relational psychodynamic approach to therapy, integrating additional interventions from cognitive behavioral and other techniques to meet each client’s needs. Dr. Nichols collaborates with clients to address emotional pain, to make changes, and to develop understanding and meaning. She shapes her approach based on culture, identity, and client goals. She has experience with a wide variety of concerns including depression, anxiety, trauma, grief and loss, life transitions, self-esteem, and relationship issues.
(415) 573-3567 View (415) 573-3567
Photo of Jodi Klugman-Rabb, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94925, CA
Jodi Klugman-Rabb
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
Corte Madera, CA 94925
You are looking to change something, feel better and strengthen relationships; therapy is the right place to start. Have you struggled with ADHD symptoms like disorganization, forgetfulness, poor follow through with low self-esteem? If you are a first responder or have been through a trauma (however small or severe) you want relief from intrusive thoughts, nightmares, persistent fear and impact on relationships and daily life. Or you may recently have discovered shocking DNA revelations from at-home DNA tests/ancestry websites and need support as you navigate known family secrets or searching for biological family.
You are looking to change something, feel better and strengthen relationships; therapy is the right place to start. Have you struggled with ADHD symptoms like disorganization, forgetfulness, poor follow through with low self-esteem? If you are a first responder or have been through a trauma (however small or severe) you want relief from intrusive thoughts, nightmares, persistent fear and impact on relationships and daily life. Or you may recently have discovered shocking DNA revelations from at-home DNA tests/ancestry websites and need support as you navigate known family secrets or searching for biological family.
(415) 226-6570 View (415) 226-6570
Photo of Dr. Pamela Margaret Ashkenazy, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94925, CA
Dr. Pamela Margaret Ashkenazy
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Corte Madera, CA 94925
Waitlist for new clients
Are you suffering from chronic anxiety, depression, or post traumatic stress (PTSD)? With skillful psychotherapeutic counseling and support healing is possible. We will identify symptoms of PTSD. Consider that traumatic expereinces resulting in PTSD present pathways to spiritual growth (PTSG). Learning healthy coping skills is an important part of an evolitionary process of change. I encourage you to consider taking care of yourself via psychotherapy.
Are you suffering from chronic anxiety, depression, or post traumatic stress (PTSD)? With skillful psychotherapeutic counseling and support healing is possible. We will identify symptoms of PTSD. Consider that traumatic expereinces resulting in PTSD present pathways to spiritual growth (PTSG). Learning healthy coping skills is an important part of an evolitionary process of change. I encourage you to consider taking care of yourself via psychotherapy.
(415) 849-2249 View (415) 849-2249
Photo of Sara Drotman, Psychologist in 94925, CA
Sara Drotman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Corte Madera, CA 94925
Waitlist for new clients
Constantly coping with trauma, stress, isolation, grief, or substance abuse can make you feel like you are living in "survival mode." Therapy can help you find your way back to the life you want to be living. If you've reached this page, that means you're considering making a change - to better understand yourself, improve your relationships, create new habits, or rediscover your passions. This work can only occur when you feel comfortable and safe with your therapist. That is why I prioritize collaborative, culturally responsive, and patient-centered care.
Constantly coping with trauma, stress, isolation, grief, or substance abuse can make you feel like you are living in "survival mode." Therapy can help you find your way back to the life you want to be living. If you've reached this page, that means you're considering making a change - to better understand yourself, improve your relationships, create new habits, or rediscover your passions. This work can only occur when you feel comfortable and safe with your therapist. That is why I prioritize collaborative, culturally responsive, and patient-centered care.
(415) 737-5095 View (415) 737-5095
Photo of Sasha Georgeson, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94925, CA
Sasha Georgeson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, ATR, REAT
Verified Verified
Corte Madera, CA 94925
I am a registered Art Therapist, my style is warm, collaborative, interactive and trauma informed.
I believe that life’s challenges, whether external or internal, are opportunities for self-discovery and for becoming more aligned with your inner wisdom. My role as a therapist is to create an environment in which you can express yourself, feel deeply heard and connect to your authentic self. I believe that when we can meet ourselves with love and respect, we can heal from many issues. My focus is on supporting you to gain a deeper understanding of who you are, including your resources and strengths, your unique perspective, and your unconscious patterns so you can create the change and healing that you desire.
I am a registered Art Therapist, my style is warm, collaborative, interactive and trauma informed.
I believe that life’s challenges, whether external or internal, are opportunities for self-discovery and for becoming more aligned with your inner wisdom. My role as a therapist is to create an environment in which you can express yourself, feel deeply heard and connect to your authentic self. I believe that when we can meet ourselves with love and respect, we can heal from many issues. My focus is on supporting you to gain a deeper understanding of who you are, including your resources and strengths, your unique perspective, and your unconscious patterns so you can create the change and healing that you desire.
(415) 326-1913 View (415) 326-1913
Photo of Shelley Richardson, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94925, CA
Shelley Richardson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Corte Madera, CA 94925
If you are looking for ways to heal from past hurts, create a life worth living, or are dealing with anxiety, stress, or life transitions, I can offer you support and skills to help lessen your pain and make you more effective in moving your life forward. You may also be dealing with trauma and, with focused trauma therapy, I can help you find a greater sense of calm. If you are in a couple, and hoping to improve your connection and communication, deal with past hurts, or simply to be more loving to one another, we can work together to create a stronger relationship.
If you are looking for ways to heal from past hurts, create a life worth living, or are dealing with anxiety, stress, or life transitions, I can offer you support and skills to help lessen your pain and make you more effective in moving your life forward. You may also be dealing with trauma and, with focused trauma therapy, I can help you find a greater sense of calm. If you are in a couple, and hoping to improve your connection and communication, deal with past hurts, or simply to be more loving to one another, we can work together to create a stronger relationship.
(415) 236-2963 View (415) 236-2963
Photo of Valerie Hinard, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94925, CA
Valerie Hinard
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Corte Madera, CA 94925
I specialized in trauma, anxiety, depression, chronic and life threatening illness, and healthy relationship building.
Cultivating meaningful-healthy relationships may be especially difficult when our sense of self is overshadowed by traumatic and emotionally painful experiences. My approach to the therapy process focuses on helping foster your innate strengths and resiliency while exploring your vulnerabilities and concerns. Together we help you build a greater understanding of yourself through healing limiting patterns, fears, and beliefs. In this way, you become rooted in a life grounded in meaning, aliveness, and depth. I believe that building a stronger relationship with yourself can help cultivate healthier relationships with others, making them easier to initiate, maintain, and enjoy.
I specialized in trauma, anxiety, depression, chronic and life threatening illness, and healthy relationship building.
Cultivating meaningful-healthy relationships may be especially difficult when our sense of self is overshadowed by traumatic and emotionally painful experiences. My approach to the therapy process focuses on helping foster your innate strengths and resiliency while exploring your vulnerabilities and concerns. Together we help you build a greater understanding of yourself through healing limiting patterns, fears, and beliefs. In this way, you become rooted in a life grounded in meaning, aliveness, and depth. I believe that building a stronger relationship with yourself can help cultivate healthier relationships with others, making them easier to initiate, maintain, and enjoy.
(707) 559-9920 View (707) 559-9920
Photo of Dylan Kersh, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94925, CA
Dylan Kersh
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MEd, LMFT
Verified Verified
Corte Madera, CA 94925  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I'm also available for EMDR, trauma focused treatment.
Through authenticity and a wide range of clinical experience, I have cultivated a unique therapeutic style that has helped many of my clients to heal and thrive. It is my mission to create a private practice accessible to everyone in our community where clients feel safe to open up, take risks, be vulnerable, explore themselves, and grow. I've worked with individuals, families, and couples from a diverse spectrum of backgrounds and found that with an open heart, a sincere desire to connect, and clinical integrity, I can affect real change in my clients' lives.
I'm also available for EMDR, trauma focused treatment.
Through authenticity and a wide range of clinical experience, I have cultivated a unique therapeutic style that has helped many of my clients to heal and thrive. It is my mission to create a private practice accessible to everyone in our community where clients feel safe to open up, take risks, be vulnerable, explore themselves, and grow. I've worked with individuals, families, and couples from a diverse spectrum of backgrounds and found that with an open heart, a sincere desire to connect, and clinical integrity, I can affect real change in my clients' lives.
(510) 901-3771 View (510) 901-3771
Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.