Therapists in Austin, TX

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Photo of Brianna 'bri' Hamlyn, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Brianna 'bri' Hamlyn
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78704  (Online Only)
Things kind of suck right now, don't they? At the time of writing this, the word feels like it's a dumpster fire. If you're like me though, things have always felt rough internally and connection has never been easy. I hope to offer connection and unconditional positive regard for anyone whose ever felt like they're on the outside looking in. The vision I hold for all clients is to know they are worthy and valid exactly as they are in this moment, and my role is to hold that belief for you until you can hold it yourself. I practice from an anti-racist, relational cultural, fat-positive, and generally affirming lens.
Things kind of suck right now, don't they? At the time of writing this, the word feels like it's a dumpster fire. If you're like me though, things have always felt rough internally and connection has never been easy. I hope to offer connection and unconditional positive regard for anyone whose ever felt like they're on the outside looking in. The vision I hold for all clients is to know they are worthy and valid exactly as they are in this moment, and my role is to hold that belief for you until you can hold it yourself. I practice from an anti-racist, relational cultural, fat-positive, and generally affirming lens.
(512) 859-6502 View (512) 859-6502
Photo of Rebecca Flores, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Rebecca Flores
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78701  (Online Only)
You’re a sensitive woman who feels and thinks about things more deeply than others. Lately, you feel lost, disconnected, and wonder if you can even feel better. You thought you were ok but experiences from the past have reappeared. The anxiety and sadness have crept in. No one can tell because you hold it all together. Exercise, eating healthy, scrolling through, reading about what you're going through, and talking to those closest to you isn’t helping anymore. You’re exhausted and it’s taken its toll. You want to feel less shame and guilt; no longer feel like the past is in control; and gain a sense of calm and freedom from this.
You’re a sensitive woman who feels and thinks about things more deeply than others. Lately, you feel lost, disconnected, and wonder if you can even feel better. You thought you were ok but experiences from the past have reappeared. The anxiety and sadness have crept in. No one can tell because you hold it all together. Exercise, eating healthy, scrolling through, reading about what you're going through, and talking to those closest to you isn’t helping anymore. You’re exhausted and it’s taken its toll. You want to feel less shame and guilt; no longer feel like the past is in control; and gain a sense of calm and freedom from this.
(210) 934-5548 View (210) 934-5548
Photo of Jane S Flynn LPCS, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Jane S Flynn LPCS
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78746
Struggling with your adolescent or teenager? It is vital that parents understand their teen's behavior rather than merely react to it. Working with me, your child will learn about themselves. They will discover their obstacles, and develop the inner strength and skills to make changes in themselves, It is immensely important for teens to have a neutral person to vent to, and teach them useful techniques to address their challenges. Teens experience many stressors which can lead to various issues that impact the entire family and many can be treated in therapy.
Struggling with your adolescent or teenager? It is vital that parents understand their teen's behavior rather than merely react to it. Working with me, your child will learn about themselves. They will discover their obstacles, and develop the inner strength and skills to make changes in themselves, It is immensely important for teens to have a neutral person to vent to, and teach them useful techniques to address their challenges. Teens experience many stressors which can lead to various issues that impact the entire family and many can be treated in therapy.
(512) 537-8572 View (512) 537-8572
Photo of Don D Allen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Don D Allen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LISW-S, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78746
Welcome! I am Dr. Don Allen. I have a concierge practice and have formally opened my Austin, Texas office! I currently specialize in the treatment of Marriage and Emotional Trauma. I am a Certified Gottman Therapist, Certified EFT Therapist and EMDR Certified Therapist. Prior to 2012, I specialized in the treatment of Children and Adolescents and Drug and Alcohol Intervention. Please visit my website to get to know me, learn more about my practice, see videos and listen to my live radio broadcasts. Looking forward!
Welcome! I am Dr. Don Allen. I have a concierge practice and have formally opened my Austin, Texas office! I currently specialize in the treatment of Marriage and Emotional Trauma. I am a Certified Gottman Therapist, Certified EFT Therapist and EMDR Certified Therapist. Prior to 2012, I specialized in the treatment of Children and Adolescents and Drug and Alcohol Intervention. Please visit my website to get to know me, learn more about my practice, see videos and listen to my live radio broadcasts. Looking forward!
(512) 601-5297 View (512) 601-5297
Photo of Carlos J Pavon, Licensed Master Social Worker in Austin, TX
Carlos J Pavon
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78704
I strive to be an effective and warm ally for adult and adolescent clients. By way of creating a therapeutic relationship rooted in compassion, housed within a healing environment, I believe it is possible to find meaningful changes in one's life. I work primarily from a systems-informed approach and utilize this framework to help understand behaviors not in isolation but as part of a system of factors where solutions require a deepening understanding of those factors.
I strive to be an effective and warm ally for adult and adolescent clients. By way of creating a therapeutic relationship rooted in compassion, housed within a healing environment, I believe it is possible to find meaningful changes in one's life. I work primarily from a systems-informed approach and utilize this framework to help understand behaviors not in isolation but as part of a system of factors where solutions require a deepening understanding of those factors.
(512) 212-9114 View (512) 212-9114
Photo of Olga Simons, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Olga Simons, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78723
I believe the counseling process needs to be tailored to the needs of each individual and the client-counselor relationship is very important in effectively addressing life situations and emotional pain. My education and experience has prepared me to counsel individuals, couples, and families. I have spent several years gaining expertise providing mindfulness based counseling (Hakomi) to clients interested in this person-centered approach. EMDR and PACT (Psychobiological Approach to Couples Therapy - Stan Tatkin's work) trained. Certified mediator.
I believe the counseling process needs to be tailored to the needs of each individual and the client-counselor relationship is very important in effectively addressing life situations and emotional pain. My education and experience has prepared me to counsel individuals, couples, and families. I have spent several years gaining expertise providing mindfulness based counseling (Hakomi) to clients interested in this person-centered approach. EMDR and PACT (Psychobiological Approach to Couples Therapy - Stan Tatkin's work) trained. Certified mediator.
(512) 829-7418 View (512) 829-7418
Photo of Karleen Aldrich, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Karleen Aldrich
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, MACAS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78759
Not accepting new clients
I offer counseling services to children, adolescents, and adults. I have experience working with anxiety and depression for all ages. I also have specialized training and experience in treating adolescents who are struggling with self-injury. I have been trained in a variety of approaches including CBT, DBT and psychodynamic theory. I am eclectic in my approach and use the therapeutic strategies that are the best fit for my client.
I offer counseling services to children, adolescents, and adults. I have experience working with anxiety and depression for all ages. I also have specialized training and experience in treating adolescents who are struggling with self-injury. I have been trained in a variety of approaches including CBT, DBT and psychodynamic theory. I am eclectic in my approach and use the therapeutic strategies that are the best fit for my client.
(512) 861-8345 View (512) 861-8345
Photo of Emily Matis, Pre-Licensed Professional in Austin, TX
Emily Matis
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78746
I strive to create a trusting bond with each of my clients as we work collaboratively to address specific needs and explore optimal goals. I combine aspects from psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and culturally sensitive perspectives to help my clients through challenges they are facing while better appreciating who they are. Together, my patients and I will explore the stories and struggles that have shaped them including early familial attachments, traumas, and multigenerational patterns that have had great impact on the present day.
I strive to create a trusting bond with each of my clients as we work collaboratively to address specific needs and explore optimal goals. I combine aspects from psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and culturally sensitive perspectives to help my clients through challenges they are facing while better appreciating who they are. Together, my patients and I will explore the stories and struggles that have shaped them including early familial attachments, traumas, and multigenerational patterns that have had great impact on the present day.
(512) 714-3403 View (512) 714-3403
Photo of Laura Connor, Counselor in Austin, TX
Laura Connor
Counselor, LPC, MA
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78702
Starting therapy can be daunting and finding the right match with your therapist is half the battle. Laura values understanding clients within the sociocultural and relational structures in which they were raised and live. Laura uses the therapy space to acknowledge the prior life experiences that influence the way we perceive the world, as those often shape who we are today. Her approach to therapy is focused on cultivating a strong interpersonal relationship with her clients.
Starting therapy can be daunting and finding the right match with your therapist is half the battle. Laura values understanding clients within the sociocultural and relational structures in which they were raised and live. Laura uses the therapy space to acknowledge the prior life experiences that influence the way we perceive the world, as those often shape who we are today. Her approach to therapy is focused on cultivating a strong interpersonal relationship with her clients.
(512) 675-1656 View (512) 675-1656
Photo of Paul Walters, Psychologist in Austin, TX
Paul Walters
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78759  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am a Psychologist and Cognitive Behavior therapist with over 30 years of experience helping clients with addiction, anxiety, high sensory sensitivity, depression, stress, and anger issues.
I am a Psychologist and Cognitive Behavior therapist with over 30 years of experience helping clients with addiction, anxiety, high sensory sensitivity, depression, stress, and anger issues.
(512) 649-5106 View (512) 649-5106
Photo of Vibrant Journey Counseling, LPC Intern in Austin, TX
Vibrant Journey Counseling
LPC Intern, MA, LPC-A
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78731  (Online Only)
I graduated from the University of North Texas (UNT) with a BAAS with a concentration on populations with special needs and I graduated with a Master’s in Clinical Mental Health from Midwestern State University (MSU). I work with adults, adolescents, and children and I understand the importance of creating a safe, supportive environment in the counseling relationship. I am open to working with clients from any walk of life on any journey. Life can be a Vibrant Journey!
I graduated from the University of North Texas (UNT) with a BAAS with a concentration on populations with special needs and I graduated with a Master’s in Clinical Mental Health from Midwestern State University (MSU). I work with adults, adolescents, and children and I understand the importance of creating a safe, supportive environment in the counseling relationship. I am open to working with clients from any walk of life on any journey. Life can be a Vibrant Journey!
(737) 299-0147 View (737) 299-0147
Photo of Austin Counseling and Nutrition, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Austin Counseling and Nutrition
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78759
Are you struggling with relationships, food and body, life transitions, or trauma? Living with difficult thoughts and feelings can feel unbearable at times. These struggles can feel like they take over your whole life. You don't have to live with crushing anxiety. You don't have to hide from the world because you feel depressed. Austin Counseling and Nutrition can help you on your journey to learn to trust yourself and/or your body. You can be liberated from your pain and wounds so that you can live a full life. We have clinicians who specializing in couples counseling, family therapy, kids, teens, eating disorders and trauma.
Are you struggling with relationships, food and body, life transitions, or trauma? Living with difficult thoughts and feelings can feel unbearable at times. These struggles can feel like they take over your whole life. You don't have to live with crushing anxiety. You don't have to hide from the world because you feel depressed. Austin Counseling and Nutrition can help you on your journey to learn to trust yourself and/or your body. You can be liberated from your pain and wounds so that you can live a full life. We have clinicians who specializing in couples counseling, family therapy, kids, teens, eating disorders and trauma.
(512) 655-3878 View (512) 655-3878
Photo of Sarah Behrens, Marriage & Family Therapist in Austin, TX
Sarah Behrens
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78750
Wanting to be someone else is a waste of the person you are. So who do you ultimately want to be? What is going on in your life to cause stress or strife? What can we change or take out to improve things? Are you communicating effectively with your adolescent or loved ones? Life can throw many different obstacles that cause stress, anxiety, depression, and a breakdown of relationships. One of the hardest relationships for parents or caregivers can be the one with their teenager. As a marriage and family therapist I take a look at your entire life and not just the person itself to facilitate change.
Wanting to be someone else is a waste of the person you are. So who do you ultimately want to be? What is going on in your life to cause stress or strife? What can we change or take out to improve things? Are you communicating effectively with your adolescent or loved ones? Life can throw many different obstacles that cause stress, anxiety, depression, and a breakdown of relationships. One of the hardest relationships for parents or caregivers can be the one with their teenager. As a marriage and family therapist I take a look at your entire life and not just the person itself to facilitate change.
(512) 213-6483 View (512) 213-6483
Photo of Xiangya (Sonya) Gao, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Xiangya (Sonya) Gao
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, RN
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78759  (Online Only)
With a decade of experience in the mental health field, I have garnered comprehensive expertise in counseling treatments, assessment strategies, and crisis intervention skills. My professional background includes working with diverse patient populations, ranging from individuals dealing with serious mental illness, developmental delays, and personality disorders to those experiencing challenges related to anxiety, depression, PTSD, as well as situational distress and adjustment issues. This wealth of experience positions me to offer nuanced and practical support to individuals facing a broad spectrum of mental health concerns.
With a decade of experience in the mental health field, I have garnered comprehensive expertise in counseling treatments, assessment strategies, and crisis intervention skills. My professional background includes working with diverse patient populations, ranging from individuals dealing with serious mental illness, developmental delays, and personality disorders to those experiencing challenges related to anxiety, depression, PTSD, as well as situational distress and adjustment issues. This wealth of experience positions me to offer nuanced and practical support to individuals facing a broad spectrum of mental health concerns.
(512) 890-3452 View (512) 890-3452
Photo of Claire Palmer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Claire Palmer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, RYT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78759
Now offering Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy! I help young professionals change the way they relate to painful thoughts & emotions so they can live a life that is guided by their values rather than their fears. You might feel like life is mostly going okay. You might compare yourself to others and think “I shouldn’t be complaining” and yet you keep getting stuck in this painful cycle and you’re sick of it! You could be struggling with internal criticism, connecting with others, unresolved feelings from the past or paralyzing anxiety about the future. If so, schedule a free 15 minute consultation now to learn more.
Now offering Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy! I help young professionals change the way they relate to painful thoughts & emotions so they can live a life that is guided by their values rather than their fears. You might feel like life is mostly going okay. You might compare yourself to others and think “I shouldn’t be complaining” and yet you keep getting stuck in this painful cycle and you’re sick of it! You could be struggling with internal criticism, connecting with others, unresolved feelings from the past or paralyzing anxiety about the future. If so, schedule a free 15 minute consultation now to learn more.
(512) 865-5270 View (512) 865-5270
Photo of Billy Jo Johnson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Billy Jo Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78731  (Online Only)
I currently have openings for new clients face to face in the evenings and Saturdays. I have flexibility during weekdays for telehealth. I really enjoy working with teenagers, adults, and couples. Our sessions are always very solutions focused with the focus on helping clients reach their preferred future. My clients appreciate the flexibility and confidentiality of telehealth/virtual sessions. This format also allows me to work with clients all over the state of Texas.
I currently have openings for new clients face to face in the evenings and Saturdays. I have flexibility during weekdays for telehealth. I really enjoy working with teenagers, adults, and couples. Our sessions are always very solutions focused with the focus on helping clients reach their preferred future. My clients appreciate the flexibility and confidentiality of telehealth/virtual sessions. This format also allows me to work with clients all over the state of Texas.
(432) 200-0667 View (432) 200-0667
Photo of Erin Page Spalding, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Erin Page Spalding
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78703
Are you grieving the loss of something or someone you loved? Perhaps it was the traumatic loss of a person close to you or your health due to illness. Maybe you’re grieving the person you once knew who you’ve lost due to substances, dementia, or mental health. Grief is a difficult, exhausting, and often isolating process. You may feel like you don’t even know how to or want to move forward, or you may have thought you did and are only now realizing you could use some support to do that. You’re looking for a safe place to start on or move forward in your grief journey.
Are you grieving the loss of something or someone you loved? Perhaps it was the traumatic loss of a person close to you or your health due to illness. Maybe you’re grieving the person you once knew who you’ve lost due to substances, dementia, or mental health. Grief is a difficult, exhausting, and often isolating process. You may feel like you don’t even know how to or want to move forward, or you may have thought you did and are only now realizing you could use some support to do that. You’re looking for a safe place to start on or move forward in your grief journey.
(512) 270-7241 View (512) 270-7241
Photo of Austin B Sheffield, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Austin B Sheffield
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78762
As a counselor, my goal is to assist you in finding your purpose in this world. I want to help you discover your values and your meaning through in-depth exploration into your belief system so that you can find the answers to your questions and the power to overcome life's obstacles. Working from an existential philosophy and foundation, I utilize a variety of techniques and tools depending on the needs of the client.
As a counselor, my goal is to assist you in finding your purpose in this world. I want to help you discover your values and your meaning through in-depth exploration into your belief system so that you can find the answers to your questions and the power to overcome life's obstacles. Working from an existential philosophy and foundation, I utilize a variety of techniques and tools depending on the needs of the client.
(512) 881-9092 View (512) 881-9092
Photo of Jamie Justus, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Jamie Justus
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RYT
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78745  (Online Only)
Anxiety is meant to keep you safe from possible threats, but, when it gets too active, anxiety can be exhausting. The mind may race with questions and worries that don't have solutions. The body can respond with tension and feel like a current of electricity has been turned on. Your emotions may go from zero to sixty and be more reactive. You may view the world through a lens of danger. It can take a toll on how present you are in your life, your job, and your relationships.
Anxiety is meant to keep you safe from possible threats, but, when it gets too active, anxiety can be exhausting. The mind may race with questions and worries that don't have solutions. The body can respond with tension and feel like a current of electricity has been turned on. Your emotions may go from zero to sixty and be more reactive. You may view the world through a lens of danger. It can take a toll on how present you are in your life, your job, and your relationships.
(512) 999-7520 View (512) 999-7520
Photo of Jennifer Scardino, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Jennifer Scardino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78745
We all have an inner wisdom to heal. A reed, much like the story of the lotus flower, begins within murky environments and grows toward the sun through strength and flexibility to weather the storms. My intention within sessions is to build a safe, supported space to attune to any needs you have in your current journey. I welcome children, adolescents, adults, elders and couples. I am passionate about cultivating a collaborative, trauma informed and safe therapeutic space that is culturally responsive and attuned to your needs in this current journey.
We all have an inner wisdom to heal. A reed, much like the story of the lotus flower, begins within murky environments and grows toward the sun through strength and flexibility to weather the storms. My intention within sessions is to build a safe, supported space to attune to any needs you have in your current journey. I welcome children, adolescents, adults, elders and couples. I am passionate about cultivating a collaborative, trauma informed and safe therapeutic space that is culturally responsive and attuned to your needs in this current journey.
(726) 224-4588 View (726) 224-4588

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Austin, TX

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Austin, TX who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
64% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Austin, TX see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Austin?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.