Trauma and PTSD Therapists in 14620

Photo of Zingara Wellness, Art Therapist in 14620, NY
Zingara Wellness
Art Therapist, MS, LCAT, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14620
I am an experienced trauma-informed psychotherapist with extensive training in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral therapy (TF-CBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Creative Arts Therapy, somatic therapies and Cognitive Processing Therapy.
Hello, and thank you for taking time to learn about my practice. My name is Courtney and I have been practicing psychotherapy and Creative Arts Therapy for almost 20 years. I view the therapy relationship as a collaboration, with my primary role as a guide in creating a safe container for healing, achieving balance & empowerment and developing insight & conscious awareness for a more positive and fulfilling life. My style is that of curiosity, non-judgement and compassion for your experience, while together we cocreate a therapeutic path forward to heal old wounds and evolve into new healthy behaviors and coping abilities.
I am an experienced trauma-informed psychotherapist with extensive training in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral therapy (TF-CBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Creative Arts Therapy, somatic therapies and Cognitive Processing Therapy.
Hello, and thank you for taking time to learn about my practice. My name is Courtney and I have been practicing psychotherapy and Creative Arts Therapy for almost 20 years. I view the therapy relationship as a collaboration, with my primary role as a guide in creating a safe container for healing, achieving balance & empowerment and developing insight & conscious awareness for a more positive and fulfilling life. My style is that of curiosity, non-judgement and compassion for your experience, while together we cocreate a therapeutic path forward to heal old wounds and evolve into new healthy behaviors and coping abilities.
(585) 549-2981 View (585) 549-2981
Photo of Shannon McCormick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 14620, NY
Shannon McCormick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Brighton, NY 14620
Trauma is an area of my focus and I acknowledge that not all models of talk therapy may be helpful in your process.
People seek therapy for many different needs: to develop skills and resources, to have space to process and unpack, and to receive support with navigating life transitions and challenges. My goal as a therapist is to support you with whatever you may be carrying. I believe that therapy should be a collaborative process and I trust that you ultimately have the answers. Focus areas of my work include trauma recovery, work with neurodivergent folks, and the LGBTQIA+ community. I enjoy working with people in process of exploring and embracing sense of identity.
Trauma is an area of my focus and I acknowledge that not all models of talk therapy may be helpful in your process.
People seek therapy for many different needs: to develop skills and resources, to have space to process and unpack, and to receive support with navigating life transitions and challenges. My goal as a therapist is to support you with whatever you may be carrying. I believe that therapy should be a collaborative process and I trust that you ultimately have the answers. Focus areas of my work include trauma recovery, work with neurodivergent folks, and the LGBTQIA+ community. I enjoy working with people in process of exploring and embracing sense of identity.
(585) 449-6932 View (585) 449-6932
Photo of Megan Lyons, Mental Health Counselor in 14620, NY
Megan Lyons
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14620  (Online Only)
If you’re looking to have the space to explore issues and experiences that have impacted your life, I may be a good fit for you! I work with individuals struggling to navigate mood disorders, anxiety, history of trauma, and interpersonal distress. Additionally, as a member of the LGBTQIA+ community, I have first-hand experience with the challenges and fears that come with developing, growing, and accepting your identity. I believe healing can happen through processing your experiences and receiving empathy, support, and honest feedback.
If you’re looking to have the space to explore issues and experiences that have impacted your life, I may be a good fit for you! I work with individuals struggling to navigate mood disorders, anxiety, history of trauma, and interpersonal distress. Additionally, as a member of the LGBTQIA+ community, I have first-hand experience with the challenges and fears that come with developing, growing, and accepting your identity. I believe healing can happen through processing your experiences and receiving empathy, support, and honest feedback.
(585) 669-6487 View (585) 669-6487
Photo of Leah E Mead, Counselor in 14620, NY
Leah E Mead
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14620
I have a passion for helping marginalized groups, specifically the LGBTQIA+ and queer communities, and for addressing trauma and trauma disorders.
Hello! If you’re struggling with life stressors, past traumas, difficulty in relationships, or just want to improve yourself, I would be honored to assist you on your journey. My style is very genuine, accepting, and collaborative. I believe that you know yourself better than anyone, and I am here to assist and empower you to become the person you want to be.
I have a passion for helping marginalized groups, specifically the LGBTQIA+ and queer communities, and for addressing trauma and trauma disorders.
Hello! If you’re struggling with life stressors, past traumas, difficulty in relationships, or just want to improve yourself, I would be honored to assist you on your journey. My style is very genuine, accepting, and collaborative. I believe that you know yourself better than anyone, and I am here to assist and empower you to become the person you want to be.
(585) 565-6931 View (585) 565-6931
Emily Weber
Pre-Licensed Professional, MPH, MFT-LP
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14620
I use trauma informed, evidenced based therapeutic techniques and interventions.
Many of us find ourselves at transition points in our lives, or feeling stuck and not sure what to do next. Although life may seem pretty normal, maybe you often feel afraid, numb, agitated, or deeply sad. You may consider your problems as not that bad compared to others. If you feel stuck or lost, I am here to explore the dark spaces with you and to look for the light. I will be a witness and a compassionate guide on the journey to deeper self-knowledge and relationship satisfaction.
I use trauma informed, evidenced based therapeutic techniques and interventions.
Many of us find ourselves at transition points in our lives, or feeling stuck and not sure what to do next. Although life may seem pretty normal, maybe you often feel afraid, numb, agitated, or deeply sad. You may consider your problems as not that bad compared to others. If you feel stuck or lost, I am here to explore the dark spaces with you and to look for the light. I will be a witness and a compassionate guide on the journey to deeper self-knowledge and relationship satisfaction.
(585) 443-8045 View (585) 443-8045
Photo of S Solutions Therapy —Sabrina Smith in 14620, NY
S S Solutions Therapy —Sabrina Smith
MHC-P
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14620
The ideal Client for S.S. Solutions Therapy may be struggling with past trauma, anxiety, depression, obsessive behaviors, unsatisfactory relationships, and/or their sense of purpose in life. Prospective Clients may have treatment goals such as building emotion regulation, interpersonal effectiveness, and distress tolerance skills, processing and coping with trauma, and/or feeling more comfortable addressing existential issues. Individuals may be seeking to reduce symptoms, get a better hold on their current situation, address deep-seeded childhood issues, and/or strive for general contentedness.
The ideal Client for S.S. Solutions Therapy may be struggling with past trauma, anxiety, depression, obsessive behaviors, unsatisfactory relationships, and/or their sense of purpose in life. Prospective Clients may have treatment goals such as building emotion regulation, interpersonal effectiveness, and distress tolerance skills, processing and coping with trauma, and/or feeling more comfortable addressing existential issues. Individuals may be seeking to reduce symptoms, get a better hold on their current situation, address deep-seeded childhood issues, and/or strive for general contentedness.
(585) 534-2238 View (585) 534-2238
Photo of Philippa Proudfoot, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 14620, NY
Philippa Proudfoot
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14620
Are you struggling with issues from your past? Do you experience emotional pain, trauma, depression, anger, or difficulties in your relationships? My decades of experience with EMDR and other therapies have convinced me of their power to help you. I also believe in the resilience and strength of human beings to heal from past hurts. My flexible approach enables me to respond to your unique needs in a caring and nonjudgmental way.
Are you struggling with issues from your past? Do you experience emotional pain, trauma, depression, anger, or difficulties in your relationships? My decades of experience with EMDR and other therapies have convinced me of their power to help you. I also believe in the resilience and strength of human beings to heal from past hurts. My flexible approach enables me to respond to your unique needs in a caring and nonjudgmental way.
(585) 433-4003 View (585) 433-4003
Photo of Kate Lynch, Art Therapist in 14620, NY
Kate Lynch
Art Therapist, MS, LCAT, MT-BC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Brighton, NY 14620  (Online Only)
In our fast-paced world, it is easy to become anxious, depressed, angry, and/or overwhelmed. If it feels unmanageable at times, that makes sense. Our brains weren’t designed to be flooded with so much information globally and in our personal lives with minimal support. Add in additional stressors such as trauma, challenging family dynamics, or parenting, and it can feel like a pressure cooker ready to explode. However, you are not alone. Therapy is a wonderful tool to help release pressure and learn ways to manage challenging emotions so that you can be your best self.
In our fast-paced world, it is easy to become anxious, depressed, angry, and/or overwhelmed. If it feels unmanageable at times, that makes sense. Our brains weren’t designed to be flooded with so much information globally and in our personal lives with minimal support. Add in additional stressors such as trauma, challenging family dynamics, or parenting, and it can feel like a pressure cooker ready to explode. However, you are not alone. Therapy is a wonderful tool to help release pressure and learn ways to manage challenging emotions so that you can be your best self.
(585) 517-2642 View (585) 517-2642
Photo of Katie Park Counseling & Coaching, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 14620, NY
Katie Park Counseling & Coaching
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, MPA
Verified Verified
Brighton, NY 14620
Hiya parents/guardians, I want to make you and your child/teen/tween feel at safe with me. I provide kindness, empathy, and gentle nudging to overcome challenges associated with depression, anxiety, PTSD, OCD, conflict, bullying/harassment, trauma associated with: child sexual abuse, domestic violence and custody issues, family conflict. I believe in a healthy mix of talk, art, and play psychotherapy for my kiddos in my office. Can't come to me? I'll come to you virtually (I can't guarantee my furry friends won't make an appearance -wink wink). Kiddos love my sand tray and teens enjoy the mini zen garden. Welcome to my office!
Hiya parents/guardians, I want to make you and your child/teen/tween feel at safe with me. I provide kindness, empathy, and gentle nudging to overcome challenges associated with depression, anxiety, PTSD, OCD, conflict, bullying/harassment, trauma associated with: child sexual abuse, domestic violence and custody issues, family conflict. I believe in a healthy mix of talk, art, and play psychotherapy for my kiddos in my office. Can't come to me? I'll come to you virtually (I can't guarantee my furry friends won't make an appearance -wink wink). Kiddos love my sand tray and teens enjoy the mini zen garden. Welcome to my office!
(585) 648-5756 View (585) 648-5756
Photo of Regina Gonek, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 14620, NY
Regina Gonek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, MSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brighton, NY 14620  (Online Only)
My areas of specialty include treating anxiety, managing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, communication issues, couples therapy and family therapy, depression, gay/lesbian issues, grief, parenting concerns, stress reduction, and recovery from trauma.
Hi, and welcome! Are you stressed out from juggling work, family, and trying to squeeze in a little time for yourself? Do you want a more satisfying relationship with your spouse/partner, or with your children, instead of "just going through the motions"? Does your worry or anxiety prevent you from enjoying your life? Are you depressed? Have you lost someone important in your life? Do your feel haunted by a past negative experience? If you've answered "yes" to any of these questions, I can help you. You can do more than just survive. Make this your best year!
My areas of specialty include treating anxiety, managing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, communication issues, couples therapy and family therapy, depression, gay/lesbian issues, grief, parenting concerns, stress reduction, and recovery from trauma.
Hi, and welcome! Are you stressed out from juggling work, family, and trying to squeeze in a little time for yourself? Do you want a more satisfying relationship with your spouse/partner, or with your children, instead of "just going through the motions"? Does your worry or anxiety prevent you from enjoying your life? Are you depressed? Have you lost someone important in your life? Do your feel haunted by a past negative experience? If you've answered "yes" to any of these questions, I can help you. You can do more than just survive. Make this your best year!
(585) 492-9293 View (585) 492-9293
Photo of Sue E Ouellette, Marriage & Family Therapist in 14620, NY
Sue E Ouellette
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14620  (Online Only)
I also find it very satisfying to work with individuals who have a history of trauma.
I enjoy working with individuals , families, and couples. I see individual clients with a variety of presenting issues, including anxiety and depression. Many of my clients are experiencing very normal and understandable reactions to painful life circumstances. The couples that I work with may be attempting to recover from affairs, considering divorce, or experiencing challenges in their relationship that they want to work through. I've worked with both gay and straight couples.as well as those who are married and single. The families that I see are dealing with issues related to child raising, divorce, illness or disability, and major life transitions.
I also find it very satisfying to work with individuals who have a history of trauma.
I enjoy working with individuals , families, and couples. I see individual clients with a variety of presenting issues, including anxiety and depression. Many of my clients are experiencing very normal and understandable reactions to painful life circumstances. The couples that I work with may be attempting to recover from affairs, considering divorce, or experiencing challenges in their relationship that they want to work through. I've worked with both gay and straight couples.as well as those who are married and single. The families that I see are dealing with issues related to child raising, divorce, illness or disability, and major life transitions.
(815) 357-4053 View (815) 357-4053
Photo of Brittany Schwarz, Marriage & Family Therapist in 14620, NY
Brittany Schwarz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Brighton, NY 14620
I specialize in working with trauma survivors/PTSD, veterans, anxiety, depression, relationships, and parenting struggles.
Hi there! What a gift to yourself to seek support! Whether you are struggling with relationships, trauma, stress, parenting, postpartum, and more, I welcome you on this journey to feeling more grounded, connected to self, freer, and fulfilled. We are all part of a larger system in which we influence and are influenced by internal and external worlds. As humans, it is our life's work to find a balance between being a separate self and maintaining connection with others. I will work with you to process through your struggles within the context of your larger system and to implement lasting changes to prevent struggles from repeating.
I specialize in working with trauma survivors/PTSD, veterans, anxiety, depression, relationships, and parenting struggles.
Hi there! What a gift to yourself to seek support! Whether you are struggling with relationships, trauma, stress, parenting, postpartum, and more, I welcome you on this journey to feeling more grounded, connected to self, freer, and fulfilled. We are all part of a larger system in which we influence and are influenced by internal and external worlds. As humans, it is our life's work to find a balance between being a separate self and maintaining connection with others. I will work with you to process through your struggles within the context of your larger system and to implement lasting changes to prevent struggles from repeating.
(806) 429-0995 View (806) 429-0995
Photo of Kelly M. Erbland, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 14620, NY
Kelly M. Erbland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14620  (Online Only)
I have 12 years experience working with anxiety, depression and PTSD in women and veterans.
I believe in working cooperatively with people to help them achieve balance, personal growth, and to reach their personal goals. Many people feel isolated and their anxiety or depression prevent them from being their best self. We all have the ability to learn, grow and reach our highest potential, and we cannot do it alone. Together we can identify strengths, work through challenges, and develop the skills to achieve a higher level of peace and contentment.
I have 12 years experience working with anxiety, depression and PTSD in women and veterans.
I believe in working cooperatively with people to help them achieve balance, personal growth, and to reach their personal goals. Many people feel isolated and their anxiety or depression prevent them from being their best self. We all have the ability to learn, grow and reach our highest potential, and we cannot do it alone. Together we can identify strengths, work through challenges, and develop the skills to achieve a higher level of peace and contentment.
(585) 636-3478 View (585) 636-3478
Photo of Andy Petronio, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 14620, NY
Andy Petronio
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14620
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in the treatment of PTSD/trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship problems, bereavement/loss, and addiction.
People decide to begin therapy for a variety of reasons. Many have had damaging experiences that they are unable to put behind them. Some feel stuck or make the same mistakes over and over and are unsure why. Others have chronic feelings of low self-worth. Others suffer from excessive worry or panic attacks.
I specialize in the treatment of PTSD/trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship problems, bereavement/loss, and addiction.
People decide to begin therapy for a variety of reasons. Many have had damaging experiences that they are unable to put behind them. Some feel stuck or make the same mistakes over and over and are unsure why. Others have chronic feelings of low self-worth. Others suffer from excessive worry or panic attacks.
(585) 312-0280 View (585) 312-0280
Photo of Maria R Hall, Counselor in 14620, NY
Maria R Hall
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14620
Hello! My name is Maria R. Hall, and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with many years of experience as a therapist. I am fluent both in English and Spanish, and take pride in my ability to relate to people from all walks of life in a caring and healing way. I encourage self compassion and mindfulness as part of self care.
Hello! My name is Maria R. Hall, and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with many years of experience as a therapist. I am fluent both in English and Spanish, and take pride in my ability to relate to people from all walks of life in a caring and healing way. I encourage self compassion and mindfulness as part of self care.
(585) 376-5126 View (585) 376-5126
Photo of Uprise Mental Health Counseling, PLLC in 14620, NY
Uprise Mental Health Counseling, PLLC
LMHC, PhD
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14620
My group practice specializes in the treatment of trauma spectrum disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder, dissociative disorders, trauma-related pain, and trauma-related somatic symptoms. Ongoing experiences of verbal, physical, or sexual abuse, neglect, and bullying can lead to these symptoms. Sometimes people suffer these effects because they have experienced chronic invalidation. We treat couples, people in non-traditional partnerships, adolescents who struggle with emotional and behavioral problems. We also treat survivors of sexual violence and targets of workplace bullying.
My group practice specializes in the treatment of trauma spectrum disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder, dissociative disorders, trauma-related pain, and trauma-related somatic symptoms. Ongoing experiences of verbal, physical, or sexual abuse, neglect, and bullying can lead to these symptoms. Sometimes people suffer these effects because they have experienced chronic invalidation. We treat couples, people in non-traditional partnerships, adolescents who struggle with emotional and behavioral problems. We also treat survivors of sexual violence and targets of workplace bullying.
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Photo of Cortnie Valle, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in 14620, NY
Cortnie Valle
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LPMFT, MS MFT
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14620  (Online Only)
I am passionate about working with anyone who is dealing with trauma, anxiety, relationship/marital issues, grief, depression, communication issues and more.
Have you been feeling lost or stuck in your life? Are you not feeling heard by your partner and your connection to them is suffering because of it? Perhaps you are dealing with anxiety or depression to the point where you are finding it difficult to go about your normal routine. These feelings can be overwhelming and leave you feeling unsure as to how to deal with them. As your therapist, I can help you navigate what is going on beneath the surface that is influencing your current situation. I will work alongside of you to gain clarity, understanding and find the joy, freedom and connection you desire!
I am passionate about working with anyone who is dealing with trauma, anxiety, relationship/marital issues, grief, depression, communication issues and more.
Have you been feeling lost or stuck in your life? Are you not feeling heard by your partner and your connection to them is suffering because of it? Perhaps you are dealing with anxiety or depression to the point where you are finding it difficult to go about your normal routine. These feelings can be overwhelming and leave you feeling unsure as to how to deal with them. As your therapist, I can help you navigate what is going on beneath the surface that is influencing your current situation. I will work alongside of you to gain clarity, understanding and find the joy, freedom and connection you desire!
(518) 839-1664 View (518) 839-1664
Photo of Elsa Deutschbein, Counselor in 14620, NY
Elsa Deutschbein
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Brighton, NY 14620
Some individuals and families need help handling scary situations. Psychological trauma is frequently misunderstood and can cause shame, guilt, and fear. I offer a space free of judgement in which to better understand behavior, trauma, family dynamics, attachment, pregnancy, birth, new parenthood, and sexuality. These issues effect family and relational functioning and can result in high-conflict family dynamics. If you have lost your sense of self or sense of family, I am here to help you chart a path back to yourself and each other.
Some individuals and families need help handling scary situations. Psychological trauma is frequently misunderstood and can cause shame, guilt, and fear. I offer a space free of judgement in which to better understand behavior, trauma, family dynamics, attachment, pregnancy, birth, new parenthood, and sexuality. These issues effect family and relational functioning and can result in high-conflict family dynamics. If you have lost your sense of self or sense of family, I am here to help you chart a path back to yourself and each other.
(585) 534-3535 View (585) 534-3535
Photo of Nicole Nabors, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 14620, NY
Nicole Nabors
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14620  (Online Only)
I believe we cannot control what happens to us. However, we can choose to change things that prevent us from being the people we want to be. I am honored to support you and help you navigate anxiety, depression, trauma, addiction, chronic illness, problems with self-esteem, and relationship difficulties.
I believe we cannot control what happens to us. However, we can choose to change things that prevent us from being the people we want to be. I am honored to support you and help you navigate anxiety, depression, trauma, addiction, chronic illness, problems with self-esteem, and relationship difficulties.
(585) 454-8923 View (585) 454-8923
Photo of Liese Zilberleyt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 14620, NY
Liese Zilberleyt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14620  (Online Only)
I have training in EMDR and Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy and offer both services to help with struggles such as trauma, anxiety and depression.
Everyone struggles through life but sometimes it can become too overwhelming and we need some help to get through it. Healing is what therapy is all about. In a warm and welcoming environment , you will have the opportunity to process thoughts and feelings. We will work collaboratively to identify your goals and set boundaries in your life. By using mindfulness and cognitive therapy, you will learn healthy coping skills and build upon your strengths to help you through your struggle.
I have training in EMDR and Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy and offer both services to help with struggles such as trauma, anxiety and depression.
Everyone struggles through life but sometimes it can become too overwhelming and we need some help to get through it. Healing is what therapy is all about. In a warm and welcoming environment , you will have the opportunity to process thoughts and feelings. We will work collaboratively to identify your goals and set boundaries in your life. By using mindfulness and cognitive therapy, you will learn healthy coping skills and build upon your strengths to help you through your struggle.
(716) 455-2702 View (716) 455-2702

See more therapy options for 14620

Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.