Therapists in Nashville, TN

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Photo of Travis Hupp, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Nashville, TN
Travis Hupp
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADACII, CAADC
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37221
As a licensed counselor with years of experience in alcohol and drug addiction, I understand the challenges that come with seeking help for addiction. My approach is grounded in empathy, respect, and non-judgment. I work collaboratively with my clients to develop personalized treatment plans that meet their unique needs. I provide practical strategies to manage cravings and cope with triggers. I am committed to providing you with the highest quality of care and will support you every step of the way.
As a licensed counselor with years of experience in alcohol and drug addiction, I understand the challenges that come with seeking help for addiction. My approach is grounded in empathy, respect, and non-judgment. I work collaboratively with my clients to develop personalized treatment plans that meet their unique needs. I provide practical strategies to manage cravings and cope with triggers. I am committed to providing you with the highest quality of care and will support you every step of the way.
(615) 703-2946 View (615) 703-2946
Photo of Tanysha Truax, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Tanysha Truax
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37205
Waitlist for new clients
Just like a fire, sometimes we find ourselves roaring full of life. Other times, we find ourselves burnt out and cold. But like a fire, we have embers within us that continue to glow and allow us to endure prolonged periods of difficulty. Whatever that difficulty may be- depression, anxiety, relationship concerns, self-doubt, trauma- therapy is here to help you stoke your ember back to a fiery flame. With compassion, authenticity, trust, and vulnerability, I hope to help you on that healing journey.
Just like a fire, sometimes we find ourselves roaring full of life. Other times, we find ourselves burnt out and cold. But like a fire, we have embers within us that continue to glow and allow us to endure prolonged periods of difficulty. Whatever that difficulty may be- depression, anxiety, relationship concerns, self-doubt, trauma- therapy is here to help you stoke your ember back to a fiery flame. With compassion, authenticity, trust, and vulnerability, I hope to help you on that healing journey.
(615) 488-5459 View (615) 488-5459
Photo of Ingrid Ransom Boje - Flourish Counseling Wellness, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Ingrid Ransom Boje - Flourish Counseling Wellness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
Currently accepting new clients. Over the past decade, I have found myself most passionate about working with adolescents, clients with anxiety, women overcoming trauma, and helping clients build healthy relationships with themselves and others. If you are longing to improve your self-worth, heal wounds from the past, and grow into the best version of yourself, it would be a joy to walk alongside you as we work on these things together utilizing research-based practices, creativity, humor, and the belief in something bigger than us that can bring healing to our lives.
Currently accepting new clients. Over the past decade, I have found myself most passionate about working with adolescents, clients with anxiety, women overcoming trauma, and helping clients build healthy relationships with themselves and others. If you are longing to improve your self-worth, heal wounds from the past, and grow into the best version of yourself, it would be a joy to walk alongside you as we work on these things together utilizing research-based practices, creativity, humor, and the belief in something bigger than us that can bring healing to our lives.
(615) 434-5236 View (615) 434-5236
Photo of Mackenzie Fox, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Mackenzie Fox
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212  (Online Only)
Currently offering telehealth therapy only! We spend a lot of time identifying things that are 'wrong' with us, but what about the things that you are really kicking ass at? I want to help clients identify strengths and cultivate them so that when life is feeling really hard, you can easily call up your superpowers. I aim to bring authentic, trusting and supportive energy to everyone I encounter and foster that within others. I believe healing happens when we find balance and step outside of black and white thinking.
Currently offering telehealth therapy only! We spend a lot of time identifying things that are 'wrong' with us, but what about the things that you are really kicking ass at? I want to help clients identify strengths and cultivate them so that when life is feeling really hard, you can easily call up your superpowers. I aim to bring authentic, trusting and supportive energy to everyone I encounter and foster that within others. I believe healing happens when we find balance and step outside of black and white thinking.
(615) 422-4702 View (615) 422-4702
Photo of Perry Lines, Marriage & Family Therapist in Nashville, TN
Perry Lines
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MT-BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
I work well with clients who are driven toward growth and hungry for insight. I am here to help individuals who are seeking to find stability, discover their value and worth, and bring health and restoration to their relationships.
I work well with clients who are driven toward growth and hungry for insight. I am here to help individuals who are seeking to find stability, discover their value and worth, and bring health and restoration to their relationships.
(615) 235-5082 View (615) 235-5082
Photo of Undivided Whole, Art Therapist in Nashville, TN
Undivided Whole
Art Therapist, MA, ATR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37209  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
We become the most invested in the products of our own creation. Often the time and space to appreciate and enjoy what we created is overrun by tasks and attention needed for other details in order to generate or maintain ongoing success. The hustle to succeed frequently mirrors the anxiety of failure. How can achieving rest positively impact your business, as well as your personal relationships? Art is a great tool for mindfulness and self-awareness that enables you the choice to act instead of react to people and situations that exist in your daily life.
We become the most invested in the products of our own creation. Often the time and space to appreciate and enjoy what we created is overrun by tasks and attention needed for other details in order to generate or maintain ongoing success. The hustle to succeed frequently mirrors the anxiety of failure. How can achieving rest positively impact your business, as well as your personal relationships? Art is a great tool for mindfulness and self-awareness that enables you the choice to act instead of react to people and situations that exist in your daily life.
(615) 455-3761 View (615) 455-3761
Photo of Patricia McGuire, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Patricia McGuire
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37207
Are you curious about who are and how you show up in the world? Do you feel stuck in unhelpful patterns? You are not alone. Life can throw unexpected challenges our way and it can feel overwhelming and hopeless. Taking the deep dive into understanding yourself is incredibly brave (and can feel daunting, too!). We each have a unique story that impacts how we relate to ourselves and others. I would be honored to journey with you in your story. Let's dig in and explore your emotions, thoughts, and experiences. Together, we can discover your narratives, strengths, and find insight to help you move through life with more ease.
Are you curious about who are and how you show up in the world? Do you feel stuck in unhelpful patterns? You are not alone. Life can throw unexpected challenges our way and it can feel overwhelming and hopeless. Taking the deep dive into understanding yourself is incredibly brave (and can feel daunting, too!). We each have a unique story that impacts how we relate to ourselves and others. I would be honored to journey with you in your story. Let's dig in and explore your emotions, thoughts, and experiences. Together, we can discover your narratives, strengths, and find insight to help you move through life with more ease.
(629) 209-8538 View (629) 209-8538
Photo of Adam Breister, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Adam Breister
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
14 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
Do you often feel stressed or overwhelmed by your daily demands? Tired of trying to do the right thing in your relationships but feeling like you constantly fall short? I help high achieving men manage stress, reduce burnout, and improve their relationships. The reason you haven’t gotten what you want out of life yet is most likely because no one ever gave you the tools that you need. No more hustling to prove your worth only to feel like you continue to disappoint yourself and others. By using my 4 step process to becoming a more self-led man, you can finally get what you want out of your work, life, love, sex and relationships!
Do you often feel stressed or overwhelmed by your daily demands? Tired of trying to do the right thing in your relationships but feeling like you constantly fall short? I help high achieving men manage stress, reduce burnout, and improve their relationships. The reason you haven’t gotten what you want out of life yet is most likely because no one ever gave you the tools that you need. No more hustling to prove your worth only to feel like you continue to disappoint yourself and others. By using my 4 step process to becoming a more self-led man, you can finally get what you want out of your work, life, love, sex and relationships!
(615) 282-5872 View (615) 282-5872
Photo of James Bender, Psychologist in Nashville, TN
James Bender
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37209
We are all on our own unique journey in life. At times, we come across obstacles that get in the way of living our ideal life. Together, we will not only work to identify your unique goals and values, but also work to overcome the barriers in your life so that you can return to living a life you find meaningful and fulfilling.
We are all on our own unique journey in life. At times, we come across obstacles that get in the way of living our ideal life. Together, we will not only work to identify your unique goals and values, but also work to overcome the barriers in your life so that you can return to living a life you find meaningful and fulfilling.
(615) 703-7036 View (615) 703-7036
Photo of Eve Vanzant, Counselor in Nashville, TN
Eve Vanzant
Counselor, MEd, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212
As a therapist, I work with people who are feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or looking to make some sort of change (in life, relationships, unhealthy habits or behaviors, etc.). I work primarily from a relational-cultural approach, which means that my focus is on the therapeutic relationship, authenticity, and perhaps most importantly, collaboration. Content related to the past, present, and future are each considered to be sources of valuable information, as are thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. I value creativity and a sense of humor in my work with clients; your experience is yours alone and as such, your treatment will be individually tailored to your needs.
As a therapist, I work with people who are feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or looking to make some sort of change (in life, relationships, unhealthy habits or behaviors, etc.). I work primarily from a relational-cultural approach, which means that my focus is on the therapeutic relationship, authenticity, and perhaps most importantly, collaboration. Content related to the past, present, and future are each considered to be sources of valuable information, as are thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. I value creativity and a sense of humor in my work with clients; your experience is yours alone and as such, your treatment will be individually tailored to your needs.
(615) 651-6861 View (615) 651-6861
Photo of Shelly Steel, Marriage & Family Therapist in Nashville, TN
Shelly Steel
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37204
I am a Certified Grief Educator , trained by David Kessler. I was honored to be contracted by the TV show "THE DOCTORS" to work with one of their case studies. I have completed Levels 1-3 of Gottman Training for couples. I practice eclectic therapy styles to meet clients within their comfort zone. My trauma therapy techniques include EMDR and Brainspotting. I have been in practice since 2009. I love what I do so I am a big believer in continuous trainings that will make me the best that I can be.
I am a Certified Grief Educator , trained by David Kessler. I was honored to be contracted by the TV show "THE DOCTORS" to work with one of their case studies. I have completed Levels 1-3 of Gottman Training for couples. I practice eclectic therapy styles to meet clients within their comfort zone. My trauma therapy techniques include EMDR and Brainspotting. I have been in practice since 2009. I love what I do so I am a big believer in continuous trainings that will make me the best that I can be.
(615) 538-5449 View (615) 538-5449
Photo of Elise Rhodes, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Elise Rhodes
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37207
Do you have racing thoughts? What about worry without relief? Are you overwhelmed with all of your responsibilities (i.e. taking care of kids/family while working, scheduling appointments, taking care of yourself and other household tasks)? I know all too well the suffocating and debilitating effects of stress and anxiety. Not only is it physically distressing, it causes us to feel unfulfilled in all aspects of our lives. We often wonder if we'll ever be able to feel joy, calm, and balance again - the answer is "yes" and you've come to the right place. Now, let's get to work!
Do you have racing thoughts? What about worry without relief? Are you overwhelmed with all of your responsibilities (i.e. taking care of kids/family while working, scheduling appointments, taking care of yourself and other household tasks)? I know all too well the suffocating and debilitating effects of stress and anxiety. Not only is it physically distressing, it causes us to feel unfulfilled in all aspects of our lives. We often wonder if we'll ever be able to feel joy, calm, and balance again - the answer is "yes" and you've come to the right place. Now, let's get to work!
(615) 492-8361 View (615) 492-8361
Photo of Chelsi Dawn Williamson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Chelsi Dawn Williamson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CYT-200
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37209
My name is Chelsi Williamson and I am a Licensed Master Social Worker and a Certified Yoga Teacher (200 Hr). I specialize in children and families and I am trained in EMDR for trauma resolution. I love working with family systems, be it mothers, fathers, couples, children, teens, etc. I see things through a physiologically based trauma lens with a deep understanding of how trauma gets stored in the physical body. It is a passion of mine to help all impacted individuals release the burden of carried trauma, particularly generational trauma. I love working with women trying to show up for family and change pervasive patterns.
My name is Chelsi Williamson and I am a Licensed Master Social Worker and a Certified Yoga Teacher (200 Hr). I specialize in children and families and I am trained in EMDR for trauma resolution. I love working with family systems, be it mothers, fathers, couples, children, teens, etc. I see things through a physiologically based trauma lens with a deep understanding of how trauma gets stored in the physical body. It is a passion of mine to help all impacted individuals release the burden of carried trauma, particularly generational trauma. I love working with women trying to show up for family and change pervasive patterns.
(629) 249-1836 View (629) 249-1836
Photo of Jessica Davidson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Jessica Davidson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MS, LPC, MHSP-S
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37221
Are you worried about your child? Does your child not seem like themselves? Your child may be irritable, aggressive and defiant. Your child may seem angry or withdrawn. Adolescents often refuse to talk to you, participate in enjoyable activities, experience thoughts of suicide or do things to harm themselves. Your child may have experienced a traumatic event or is having difficulty navigating a life change such as divorce, death of a family member or adoption. You may feel hopeless and not sure how to help your child. If this sounds familiar, I can help. I have experience working with children with these same issues.
Are you worried about your child? Does your child not seem like themselves? Your child may be irritable, aggressive and defiant. Your child may seem angry or withdrawn. Adolescents often refuse to talk to you, participate in enjoyable activities, experience thoughts of suicide or do things to harm themselves. Your child may have experienced a traumatic event or is having difficulty navigating a life change such as divorce, death of a family member or adoption. You may feel hopeless and not sure how to help your child. If this sounds familiar, I can help. I have experience working with children with these same issues.
(615) 434-4227 View (615) 434-4227
Photo of Pamela K Haga / Wound Light Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Pamela K Haga / Wound Light Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37216
"The Wound is the Place Where the Light Enters You." ~ Rumi~ In one way or another, our souls have been bruised. Depression, anxiety, divorce/relationship issues, trauma, family crisis, & many other issues can slowly chip away at our self-worth, our sense of belonging, our hope. Do you seek a true, raw connection with yourself & others? Are you tired of fighting the "uphill battle" & seek peace in your life? I have no magic wand. I cannot make troubles disappear. I can, however, walk with you & give you the tools to find inner peace & love in the midst of chaos.
"The Wound is the Place Where the Light Enters You." ~ Rumi~ In one way or another, our souls have been bruised. Depression, anxiety, divorce/relationship issues, trauma, family crisis, & many other issues can slowly chip away at our self-worth, our sense of belonging, our hope. Do you seek a true, raw connection with yourself & others? Are you tired of fighting the "uphill battle" & seek peace in your life? I have no magic wand. I cannot make troubles disappear. I can, however, walk with you & give you the tools to find inner peace & love in the midst of chaos.
(615) 610-1454 View (615) 610-1454
Photo of Laurie Soileau Schlisner in Nashville, TN
Laurie Soileau Schlisner
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37209
Tangible support for measurable results in your life- this is my passion and calling. You'll get forward motion now, and momentum, goals and strategies that are sustainable for you. Based on *you* we custom-fit life to your unique strengths and limitations. You'll flourish and be more satisfied, armed with new skills (like decision-making) crisp new perspective and trajectory that are right for you. For a *free* 15-minute phone consult, email me.
Tangible support for measurable results in your life- this is my passion and calling. You'll get forward motion now, and momentum, goals and strategies that are sustainable for you. Based on *you* we custom-fit life to your unique strengths and limitations. You'll flourish and be more satisfied, armed with new skills (like decision-making) crisp new perspective and trajectory that are right for you. For a *free* 15-minute phone consult, email me.
(615) 763-4976 View (615) 763-4976
Photo of Rosie Nebel, Marriage & Family Therapist in Nashville, TN
Rosie Nebel
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37207
My clients present with a variety of mental health concerns and life challenges. I work with individuals who have experienced trauma to help them find safety again in their bodies, environments, and relationships. I see those with active eating disorders and those who have overcome eating disorders who want to unpack the experiences that led to a disordered relationship with food and their bodies. My clients are curious about how their families of origin shaped their strengths and survival skills. My clients are interested in identifying, unlearning, and healing from dysfunction in order to live meaningful and authentic lives.
My clients present with a variety of mental health concerns and life challenges. I work with individuals who have experienced trauma to help them find safety again in their bodies, environments, and relationships. I see those with active eating disorders and those who have overcome eating disorders who want to unpack the experiences that led to a disordered relationship with food and their bodies. My clients are curious about how their families of origin shaped their strengths and survival skills. My clients are interested in identifying, unlearning, and healing from dysfunction in order to live meaningful and authentic lives.
(629) 205-1547 View (629) 205-1547
Photo of David Hofstetter, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
David Hofstetter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LADAC, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37205
Success is defined in a number of different ways and is different to every person. However, it does not always translate to the happiness, mental wellness, or contentment that we may expect it to provide. In order to explore our own life satisfaction, we have to identify what brings that joy / fulfillment / purpose and what is standing in the way of these experiences / feelings, that may seem inaccessible for various reasons or in a certain stage of life. I like to say, "we don't know what we don't know," and gaining personal insight takes both time and intentionality. Once gained, this insight can be truly life-changing.
Success is defined in a number of different ways and is different to every person. However, it does not always translate to the happiness, mental wellness, or contentment that we may expect it to provide. In order to explore our own life satisfaction, we have to identify what brings that joy / fulfillment / purpose and what is standing in the way of these experiences / feelings, that may seem inaccessible for various reasons or in a certain stage of life. I like to say, "we don't know what we don't know," and gaining personal insight takes both time and intentionality. Once gained, this insight can be truly life-changing.
(615) 645-2796 View (615) 645-2796
Photo of John Waide, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
John Waide
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37215
Not accepting new clients
If something inside is holding you back from experiencing your full potential to love, work, and play -- I might be the person to help you to the next level (whether by getting you out of the hole or helping you to new heights). I focus on the whole, unique person, not merely the problems or wounds a person brings in, so my approach is not limited to specific circumstances or diagnoses.
If something inside is holding you back from experiencing your full potential to love, work, and play -- I might be the person to help you to the next level (whether by getting you out of the hole or helping you to new heights). I focus on the whole, unique person, not merely the problems or wounds a person brings in, so my approach is not limited to specific circumstances or diagnoses.
(615) 400-5911 View (615) 400-5911
Photo of Maggie Wibright, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Maggie Wibright
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
Life is a tumultuous journey, filled with unexpected twists and turns that can leave us feeling overwhelmed and trapped. In the midst of these storms, it's easy to lose sight of any glimmer of hope or joy. But I firmly believe that within every individual lies the capacity to reclaim their sense of self-worth and rediscover the beauty of life.
Life is a tumultuous journey, filled with unexpected twists and turns that can leave us feeling overwhelmed and trapped. In the midst of these storms, it's easy to lose sight of any glimmer of hope or joy. But I firmly believe that within every individual lies the capacity to reclaim their sense of self-worth and rediscover the beauty of life.
(629) 276-4031 View (629) 276-4031

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Nashville, TN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Nashville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
84% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Cigna and Evernorth
73% Aetna
65% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Nashville, TN see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Nashville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.