Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Yiota Papadopoulos, Psychologist in New York, NY
Yiota Papadopoulos
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10021
I am a highly experienced psychologist, who worked in the Financial District for many years. A graduate of Columbia University, I work with adults, older adolescents, families and couples. My approach is practical and strength-based, helping people develop the skills to effectively address immediate concerns, as well as long-standing problems. My areas of expertise include the treatment of depression and anxiety, trauma, entering and maintaining romantic relationships, managing family dynamics, and negotiating work environments.
I am a highly experienced psychologist, who worked in the Financial District for many years. A graduate of Columbia University, I work with adults, older adolescents, families and couples. My approach is practical and strength-based, helping people develop the skills to effectively address immediate concerns, as well as long-standing problems. My areas of expertise include the treatment of depression and anxiety, trauma, entering and maintaining romantic relationships, managing family dynamics, and negotiating work environments.
(929) 531-7060 View (929) 531-7060
Photo of Aaron Rodwin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Aaron Rodwin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
Aaron’s approach to therapy is eclectic and draws from a variety of techniques including traditional psychodynamic principles and evidence-based practices that include Cognitive-Behavioral, Acceptance-Based, and Mindfulness principles. His approach is active, dynamic, and interactive rooted in trust, empathy, and acceptance within the therapeutic relationship. Aaron works collaboratively with clients to explore issues, establish goals, and build upon existing strengths to cultivate growth. In addition to clinical work, Aaron is involved in research, and is currently earning his PhD at NYU.
Aaron’s approach to therapy is eclectic and draws from a variety of techniques including traditional psychodynamic principles and evidence-based practices that include Cognitive-Behavioral, Acceptance-Based, and Mindfulness principles. His approach is active, dynamic, and interactive rooted in trust, empathy, and acceptance within the therapeutic relationship. Aaron works collaboratively with clients to explore issues, establish goals, and build upon existing strengths to cultivate growth. In addition to clinical work, Aaron is involved in research, and is currently earning his PhD at NYU.
(646) 832-4381 View (646) 832-4381
Photo of Robert A Axel, Psychologist in New York, NY
Robert A Axel
Psychologist, PhD, CSAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10014  (Online Only)
You want emotional intimacy but disappointment and blame distance you. You withdraw or act out sexually to avoid pain? Do romantic obsessions or resentment towards your partner/spouse fuel your inability to connect and feel loved? I reach out from my decades of experience with individuals and couples who are intimacy avoidant and I help resolve your past and present blocks to intimacy by facilitating the examination and change of life-long patterns in my safe office space. My willingness to listen, to observe, to enter your world with a structured understanding is my therapeutic strength that has transferred to online sessions.
You want emotional intimacy but disappointment and blame distance you. You withdraw or act out sexually to avoid pain? Do romantic obsessions or resentment towards your partner/spouse fuel your inability to connect and feel loved? I reach out from my decades of experience with individuals and couples who are intimacy avoidant and I help resolve your past and present blocks to intimacy by facilitating the examination and change of life-long patterns in my safe office space. My willingness to listen, to observe, to enter your world with a structured understanding is my therapeutic strength that has transferred to online sessions.
(646) 490-9986 View (646) 490-9986
Photo of Rachel Rennie, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Rachel Rennie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10005  (Online Only)
LGBTQIA+/GNC/Kink/Polyamory/Sex Worker affirming
LGBTQIA+/GNC/Kink/Polyamory/Sex Worker affirming
(718) 550-0635 View (718) 550-0635
Photo of James K Wilson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
James K Wilson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10019
The stress of navigating your life through the demanding, ever changing, fast paced world of life and career in New York City can easily challenge your capacity to cope, to manage, to decide. Finding the right therapist/coach and making time to dedicate to seeking solution and gaining insight into your individual challenges can feel overwhelming. Over the past 14 years I have worked successfully with hundreds of women and men in finance, business, and the arts from an office centrally located within the Wall Street financial district of Manhattan. I provide a safe, confidential, comfortable and convenient environment.
The stress of navigating your life through the demanding, ever changing, fast paced world of life and career in New York City can easily challenge your capacity to cope, to manage, to decide. Finding the right therapist/coach and making time to dedicate to seeking solution and gaining insight into your individual challenges can feel overwhelming. Over the past 14 years I have worked successfully with hundreds of women and men in finance, business, and the arts from an office centrally located within the Wall Street financial district of Manhattan. I provide a safe, confidential, comfortable and convenient environment.
(646) 350-0664 View (646) 350-0664
Photo of Zvi Weiss, Psychologist in New York, NY
Zvi Weiss
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10025
Therapy is about both addressing specific issues which may be getting in our way as well as cultivating a healthy curiosity about ourselves, our patterns, and our experiences. Life is wrought with transitions which can catch us off-guard, and it is common to feel unsure as to whether we are on the right path. Thankfully, these can be successfully navigated collaboratively and discreetly through a relationship with a trusted professional. Gaining an understanding of ourselves through identifying our blind spots is the first step in establishing a life that is both purposeful and fulfilling.
Therapy is about both addressing specific issues which may be getting in our way as well as cultivating a healthy curiosity about ourselves, our patterns, and our experiences. Life is wrought with transitions which can catch us off-guard, and it is common to feel unsure as to whether we are on the right path. Thankfully, these can be successfully navigated collaboratively and discreetly through a relationship with a trusted professional. Gaining an understanding of ourselves through identifying our blind spots is the first step in establishing a life that is both purposeful and fulfilling.
(347) 434-6291 View (347) 434-6291
Photo of Evan Alexander Moore in New York, NY
Evan Alexander Moore
MHC, LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10128  (Online Only)
Creating peace and focus in your life will make you a better friend, a better partner, and a better version of yourself. Whether you’re dealing with anxiety, finding yourself, building self esteem, and or learning to manage stress, I’ll work with you to maintain presence, build stronger connections, and discover a new sense of purpose. My clients are college students and early adults—especially young men—who need support adapting to and finding stability in a changing world. They might be anxious, depressed, or unsure of themselves, but ready to make a change so they can be successful, optimistic, and confident.
Creating peace and focus in your life will make you a better friend, a better partner, and a better version of yourself. Whether you’re dealing with anxiety, finding yourself, building self esteem, and or learning to manage stress, I’ll work with you to maintain presence, build stronger connections, and discover a new sense of purpose. My clients are college students and early adults—especially young men—who need support adapting to and finding stability in a changing world. They might be anxious, depressed, or unsure of themselves, but ready to make a change so they can be successful, optimistic, and confident.
(347) 933-6914 View (347) 933-6914
Photo of Sarah Evans, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Sarah Evans
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
Paying attention to your emotions and inner life hold the potential to transform your daily experience. I value creating an empathic and accepting space. It is important for you to feel understood as we discover problematic patterns that you want to change. Delving into your current experiences and influences from the past, we can address the root of your pain and guide you to a more fulfilling and engaged life.
Paying attention to your emotions and inner life hold the potential to transform your daily experience. I value creating an empathic and accepting space. It is important for you to feel understood as we discover problematic patterns that you want to change. Delving into your current experiences and influences from the past, we can address the root of your pain and guide you to a more fulfilling and engaged life.
(347) 429-7430 View (347) 429-7430
Photo of Elena Mancini, Licensed Psychoanalyst in New York, NY
Elena Mancini
Licensed Psychoanalyst, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
New York, NY 10003
The feeling of not truly belonging, whether it be in the context of one’s cultural environment, birth family, or sex can often lead to a painful sense of inadequacy, stagnation, and paralyzing low self-esteem. Left unaddressed, these feelings give way to fear and resentment and hinder us from finding our true voice, pursuing our life calling, forming and keeping meaningful relationships, and experiencing joy. You may be tired of feeling stuck, yet also anxious and overwhelmed by the prospect of change. Continuing to hide and bottle up your gifts and desires can only lead to long-term regret over a life unlived. There is another way.
The feeling of not truly belonging, whether it be in the context of one’s cultural environment, birth family, or sex can often lead to a painful sense of inadequacy, stagnation, and paralyzing low self-esteem. Left unaddressed, these feelings give way to fear and resentment and hinder us from finding our true voice, pursuing our life calling, forming and keeping meaningful relationships, and experiencing joy. You may be tired of feeling stuck, yet also anxious and overwhelmed by the prospect of change. Continuing to hide and bottle up your gifts and desires can only lead to long-term regret over a life unlived. There is another way.
(347) 220-8506 View (347) 220-8506
Photo of Alice Shepard / Mirielle Therapy Practice, Psychologist in New York, NY
Alice Shepard / Mirielle Therapy Practice
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Mirielle Therapy Practice is a group practice that specializes in helping early and mid-career stage women who are looking to make important changes in their lives. Our purpose is to work collaboratively with you so that you do not feel alone. As our client, it is important that you feel comfortable and accepted. We value working with women from a multitude of religious backgrounds, nationalities, sexual orientations, and ethnic/cultural identities.
Mirielle Therapy Practice is a group practice that specializes in helping early and mid-career stage women who are looking to make important changes in their lives. Our purpose is to work collaboratively with you so that you do not feel alone. As our client, it is important that you feel comfortable and accepted. We value working with women from a multitude of religious backgrounds, nationalities, sexual orientations, and ethnic/cultural identities.
(347) 354-2280 x1 View (347) 354-2280 x1
Photo of Tiffany C. Miller, Psychologist in New York, NY
Tiffany C. Miller
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10034  (Online Only)
My approach to therapy is compassionate, flexible and creative in terms of technique and style. I like for my patients to experience therapy as an exciting, engaging, thought-provoking process of self-discovery and personal growth. My goal is to first understand you and then work with you to uncover the barriers that have prevented you from attaining contentment and calm in your life.
My approach to therapy is compassionate, flexible and creative in terms of technique and style. I like for my patients to experience therapy as an exciting, engaging, thought-provoking process of self-discovery and personal growth. My goal is to first understand you and then work with you to uncover the barriers that have prevented you from attaining contentment and calm in your life.
(347) 354-2169 View (347) 354-2169
Photo of Susan Tross, Psychologist in New York, NY
Susan Tross
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10023
Hello. Thanks for reading about me. I’m a warm, down to earth psychologist with a passion for helping people. Staying present focused, we will center on keeping your hopes and dreams up front, while reducing distress in the context of a solid and genuine therapeutic relationship. We will work to enhance your understanding of the barriers that are keeping you from achieving your goals and learn skills to turn that understanding into strategies to better overcome them. While there is no quick fix to most problems, I use proven strategies (such as CBT and DBT) that will help you experience relief and progress relatively soon.
Hello. Thanks for reading about me. I’m a warm, down to earth psychologist with a passion for helping people. Staying present focused, we will center on keeping your hopes and dreams up front, while reducing distress in the context of a solid and genuine therapeutic relationship. We will work to enhance your understanding of the barriers that are keeping you from achieving your goals and learn skills to turn that understanding into strategies to better overcome them. While there is no quick fix to most problems, I use proven strategies (such as CBT and DBT) that will help you experience relief and progress relatively soon.
(646) 956-2146 View (646) 956-2146
Photo of Yee-Ching Lee, Licensed Psychoanalyst in New York, NY
Yee-Ching Lee
Licensed Psychoanalyst, MA, LP, NCPsyA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10012
When we understand how our unconscious can control us, we are able to identify unhealthy patterns and better comprehend our feelings, behaviors, and thoughts. As a Jungian psychoanalyst, I engage with you to help you see your unconscious, become aware of your own power, and begin to live fully and with ease. I work with individuals to transform pain and past wounds to overcome such issues as addiction, relationship traumas, self-esteem, and sexual abuse. Breath work, body movement, dream interpretation, active imagination exercise, meditation, and painting all serve as media for healing and revealing unconscious truths.
When we understand how our unconscious can control us, we are able to identify unhealthy patterns and better comprehend our feelings, behaviors, and thoughts. As a Jungian psychoanalyst, I engage with you to help you see your unconscious, become aware of your own power, and begin to live fully and with ease. I work with individuals to transform pain and past wounds to overcome such issues as addiction, relationship traumas, self-esteem, and sexual abuse. Breath work, body movement, dream interpretation, active imagination exercise, meditation, and painting all serve as media for healing and revealing unconscious truths.
(347) 682-3530 View (347) 682-3530
Photo of Lynda Marin- Expansive Therapy, Counselor in New York, NY
Lynda Marin- Expansive Therapy
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
I am a bilingual Licensed Mental Health Counselor in New York, providing sessions in Spanish and English. I use an individual and dynamic approach to focus on each person's unique needs and life story. My goal is to help the client in the process of healing, to grow strength and resilience, and to find the root problem so that the client has a better understanding of themselves. My strong background as a licensed psychologist has given me experience in working with multicultural environments and all age groups.
I am a bilingual Licensed Mental Health Counselor in New York, providing sessions in Spanish and English. I use an individual and dynamic approach to focus on each person's unique needs and life story. My goal is to help the client in the process of healing, to grow strength and resilience, and to find the root problem so that the client has a better understanding of themselves. My strong background as a licensed psychologist has given me experience in working with multicultural environments and all age groups.
(646) 916-4611 View (646) 916-4611
Photo of Mindy Levine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Mindy Levine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD, CGP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10019
It is often difficult to find ways to resolve our problems without feeling defeated, depleted, frustrated, sad, alone and angry. My goal in developing the therapeutic relationship, is to create a space where you can feel safe expressing whatever thoughts and feelings you may have regarding your current concerns and worries. Life is full of challenges, emotional, physical, familial, financial, etc. Therapy can help you to find paths to alleviating problems, while enabling you to become more self-confident, self-evolved with greater satisfaction about your life.
It is often difficult to find ways to resolve our problems without feeling defeated, depleted, frustrated, sad, alone and angry. My goal in developing the therapeutic relationship, is to create a space where you can feel safe expressing whatever thoughts and feelings you may have regarding your current concerns and worries. Life is full of challenges, emotional, physical, familial, financial, etc. Therapy can help you to find paths to alleviating problems, while enabling you to become more self-confident, self-evolved with greater satisfaction about your life.
(646) 859-1986 View (646) 859-1986
Photo of Sarah Levinson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Sarah Levinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10003  (Online Only)
I am passionate about relationship dynamics, sexuality, sexual orientation, gender identity, communication and intimacy with a focus on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. I counsel individuals, couples and moresomes on creative relationship structures such as consensual non-monogamy. I also work extensively with mood related challenges, including anxiety, depression and OCD, as well as career transitions. As a member of the polyamorous, LGBTQ, and burner communities, I share my extensive personal and professional experience with clients.
I am passionate about relationship dynamics, sexuality, sexual orientation, gender identity, communication and intimacy with a focus on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. I counsel individuals, couples and moresomes on creative relationship structures such as consensual non-monogamy. I also work extensively with mood related challenges, including anxiety, depression and OCD, as well as career transitions. As a member of the polyamorous, LGBTQ, and burner communities, I share my extensive personal and professional experience with clients.
(646) 941-5998 View (646) 941-5998
Photo of Julia Antuzzi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Julia Antuzzi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
While opening yourself up to being vulnerable can seem intimidating, Julia knows how fulfilling and rewarding starting therapy is. She works with individuals to create a collaborative therapeutic dynamic in which the client feels respected, heard, and understood. She knows that each client is the expert in their own lives and utilizes this to create a tailored experience. Julia approaches therapy through a strengths-based perspective, bringing her empathy, compassion and kindness into the room. She works with people experiencing anxiety, trauma, relationship stress, self-esteem and body image issues.
While opening yourself up to being vulnerable can seem intimidating, Julia knows how fulfilling and rewarding starting therapy is. She works with individuals to create a collaborative therapeutic dynamic in which the client feels respected, heard, and understood. She knows that each client is the expert in their own lives and utilizes this to create a tailored experience. Julia approaches therapy through a strengths-based perspective, bringing her empathy, compassion and kindness into the room. She works with people experiencing anxiety, trauma, relationship stress, self-esteem and body image issues.
(347) 801-2853 View (347) 801-2853
Photo of Linda Kocieniewski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Linda Kocieniewski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10017  (Online Only)
I am an experienced, skilled, caring therapist with a warm and supportive style. I am quite experienced in helping patients with issues such as depression, anxiety, grief, stress-related problems, and issues around life changes. Some of my specialties include helping people to overcome the effects of trauma; recent trauma as well as childhood trauma, such as growing up in a family where there was abuse, neglect, substance abuse, or violence. I also help people to overcome performance anxieties, such as fear of public speaking, creative blocks, stage fright, and confidence issues in performance in work and in other roles.
I am an experienced, skilled, caring therapist with a warm and supportive style. I am quite experienced in helping patients with issues such as depression, anxiety, grief, stress-related problems, and issues around life changes. Some of my specialties include helping people to overcome the effects of trauma; recent trauma as well as childhood trauma, such as growing up in a family where there was abuse, neglect, substance abuse, or violence. I also help people to overcome performance anxieties, such as fear of public speaking, creative blocks, stage fright, and confidence issues in performance in work and in other roles.
(917) 279-6505 View (917) 279-6505
Photo of Nicole A. Schaffer, Psychologist in New York, NY
Nicole A. Schaffer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
Not accepting new clients
*Kindly Note Dr. Schaffer is Not Accepting New Patients.* As a licensed psychologist, I work with a broad spectrum of clients including those with depression & anxiety disorders. I see individuals who struggle with interpersonal difficulties (i.e. relationship/intimacy issues) as well as those who suffer from intra-personal problems related to their self-esteem, coping with major life transitions & managing stress. My clients care about their health & well-being in addition to seeking out effective solutions to their problems. Our work together is interactive & collaborative while I maintain a non-judgmental attitude.
*Kindly Note Dr. Schaffer is Not Accepting New Patients.* As a licensed psychologist, I work with a broad spectrum of clients including those with depression & anxiety disorders. I see individuals who struggle with interpersonal difficulties (i.e. relationship/intimacy issues) as well as those who suffer from intra-personal problems related to their self-esteem, coping with major life transitions & managing stress. My clients care about their health & well-being in addition to seeking out effective solutions to their problems. Our work together is interactive & collaborative while I maintain a non-judgmental attitude.
View
Photo of Engy Aly in New York, NY
Engy Aly
LP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
Waitlist for new clients
I am currently accepting new sliding scale clients! You can apply for a slot on my website if you are eligible. While I specialize in OCD and alleviating repetitive thoughts, I also support clients to overcome shame, toxic relationships, eating disorders, depression, and other challenges. I take a lot of inspiration from Jungian psychology- where we may feel the need to put on a mask and perform in society based on the labels we are given and hide who we truly are. Together, we will create a personalized space - where you can feel liberated to explore who you are and meet your goals without having any masks on.
I am currently accepting new sliding scale clients! You can apply for a slot on my website if you are eligible. While I specialize in OCD and alleviating repetitive thoughts, I also support clients to overcome shame, toxic relationships, eating disorders, depression, and other challenges. I take a lot of inspiration from Jungian psychology- where we may feel the need to put on a mask and perform in society based on the labels we are given and hide who we truly are. Together, we will create a personalized space - where you can feel liberated to explore who you are and meet your goals without having any masks on.
(332) 263-3780 View (332) 263-3780

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
60% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.