Therapists in Sacramento, CA

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Photo of Makalia J Zinn, LPC Intern in Sacramento, CA
Makalia J Zinn
LPC Intern, APCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95818  (Online Only)
My ideal client is someone who is in a space where they are comfortable with confronting the things that have made their life difficult. A person who is ready to move forward mindfully to create the life they desire to live without maladaptive coping strategies.
My ideal client is someone who is in a space where they are comfortable with confronting the things that have made their life difficult. A person who is ready to move forward mindfully to create the life they desire to live without maladaptive coping strategies.
(916) 527-9288 View (916) 527-9288
Photo of Reyna Diaz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Reyna Diaz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95826  (Online Only)
I believe a solid connection with your therapist is fundamental to growth through the therapeutic process. One of my strengths is my ability to connect with my clients by being empathetic, honest, and direct. I believe lived experiences shape who we are and I think we all have inner strengths. I can help you find meaningful relationships or help you through struggles with self-esteem or self-love. I will help if you feel like you excel professionally but personally never seem to feel like you are enough.
I believe a solid connection with your therapist is fundamental to growth through the therapeutic process. One of my strengths is my ability to connect with my clients by being empathetic, honest, and direct. I believe lived experiences shape who we are and I think we all have inner strengths. I can help you find meaningful relationships or help you through struggles with self-esteem or self-love. I will help if you feel like you excel professionally but personally never seem to feel like you are enough.
(310) 697-8640 View (310) 697-8640
Photo of Jasminka Rainey, Pre-Licensed Professional in Sacramento, CA
Jasminka Rainey
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95811
Life can feel overwhelming when you are facing personal struggles or experiencing conflict in important relationships. I can help you identify the patterns in your life that are limiting you and guide you toward developing better coping skills to find healing in the difficult areas of your life. Through my extensive work with both children and families who have survived trauma and experienced chronic mental health challenges, I've learned effective strategies for supporting those who are dealing with anxiety, depression, stress, grief, parent-child conflict, relationship issues, and the effects of living with a painful past.
Life can feel overwhelming when you are facing personal struggles or experiencing conflict in important relationships. I can help you identify the patterns in your life that are limiting you and guide you toward developing better coping skills to find healing in the difficult areas of your life. Through my extensive work with both children and families who have survived trauma and experienced chronic mental health challenges, I've learned effective strategies for supporting those who are dealing with anxiety, depression, stress, grief, parent-child conflict, relationship issues, and the effects of living with a painful past.
(916) 238-1876 View (916) 238-1876
Photo of The Attach Place, Neurofeedback, KAP, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
The Attach Place, Neurofeedback, KAP
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95826
NEW! We are now providing Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy! Our mission: We provide expert attachment-based, trauma-informed services to those seeking emotional healing and wellness, lasting relationships, and loving family lives. "Love Matters" in every relationship. We practice therapy that way, too. At the center, we provide attachment therapies to treat individuals, couples, children, and families, with a specialty focus on adoption, relationships, and trauma recovery. We practice Internal Family Systems, EMDR, Flash Tech, Emotionally Focused Therapy, Theraplay, Dyadic Psychotherapy, Therapeutic Parenting, and Neurofeedback.
NEW! We are now providing Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy! Our mission: We provide expert attachment-based, trauma-informed services to those seeking emotional healing and wellness, lasting relationships, and loving family lives. "Love Matters" in every relationship. We practice therapy that way, too. At the center, we provide attachment therapies to treat individuals, couples, children, and families, with a specialty focus on adoption, relationships, and trauma recovery. We practice Internal Family Systems, EMDR, Flash Tech, Emotionally Focused Therapy, Theraplay, Dyadic Psychotherapy, Therapeutic Parenting, and Neurofeedback.
(916) 269-3522 View (916) 269-3522
Photo of Megan McColley, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sacramento, CA
Megan McColley
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95825
I am an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist experienced in working with adolescences, teens, children, adults, and families. My experience encompasses work within Placer and Sacramento County, multiple schools, and non profits. My mission is to empower, strengthen, and provide clients with hope through difficult seasons in their lives.
I am an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist experienced in working with adolescences, teens, children, adults, and families. My experience encompasses work within Placer and Sacramento County, multiple schools, and non profits. My mission is to empower, strengthen, and provide clients with hope through difficult seasons in their lives.
(916) 378-1873 View (916) 378-1873
Photo of Tameka Jackson, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Tameka Jackson
Psychologist
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95831
Whether it's a relationship challenge, depression, grief and loss or anxiety, we all face moments in life where we feel overwhelmed and unable to move forward. Confronting emotional challenges through therapy takes a great deal of strength and courage. It would be an honor to accompany you on your journey towards healing, empowerment, and change. My goal is to provide a safe, nonjudgmental space where you are able to be your authentic self, while exploring your feelings, hopes, and struggles. I approach each client with respect, cultural sensitivity, and support.
Whether it's a relationship challenge, depression, grief and loss or anxiety, we all face moments in life where we feel overwhelmed and unable to move forward. Confronting emotional challenges through therapy takes a great deal of strength and courage. It would be an honor to accompany you on your journey towards healing, empowerment, and change. My goal is to provide a safe, nonjudgmental space where you are able to be your authentic self, while exploring your feelings, hopes, and struggles. I approach each client with respect, cultural sensitivity, and support.
(916) 740-1419 View (916) 740-1419
Photo of Lynn Baker-Nauman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Lynn Baker-Nauman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, RDT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816  (Online Only)
Are you feeling ready to make changes in your life? I believe in your ability to heal by opening up and work on what is present. By creating a safe environment and attuning to you, I provide talk therapy or a drama therapy and expressive arts approach. Making changes in our lives can be challenging and having support through that can be a vital component to our growth. My personal approach is client-centered and strength-based. My goal is to assist you to discover your authentic self.
Are you feeling ready to make changes in your life? I believe in your ability to heal by opening up and work on what is present. By creating a safe environment and attuning to you, I provide talk therapy or a drama therapy and expressive arts approach. Making changes in our lives can be challenging and having support through that can be a vital component to our growth. My personal approach is client-centered and strength-based. My goal is to assist you to discover your authentic self.
(916) 249-6521 View (916) 249-6521
Photo of Erica Medina, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Erica Medina
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95833  (Online Only)
We all need support from time to time. My goal is to guide you in learning and practicing healthy coping skills to manage life challenges, gain insight from past experiences, to feel successful in your relationships and life, and develop a deeper understanding and connection in the relationships that mean the most to you.
We all need support from time to time. My goal is to guide you in learning and practicing healthy coping skills to manage life challenges, gain insight from past experiences, to feel successful in your relationships and life, and develop a deeper understanding and connection in the relationships that mean the most to you.
(530) 688-6821 View (530) 688-6821
Photo of Rosemary MacLaughlin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Rosemary MacLaughlin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Therapy is an important step in a person's life, one that takes courage, awareness and careful thought. As a practicing psychotherapist for the last 15 years, I find it a privilege and honor to work with clients as they grow and learn about themselves and their lives. I believe it can be a wonderful opportunity to explore and move towards what is meaningful to you in your life. I also believe firmly that the therapist-client relationship is an important aspect in allowing for effective change and I strive to provide a warm, supportive and trusting environment throughout the process.
Therapy is an important step in a person's life, one that takes courage, awareness and careful thought. As a practicing psychotherapist for the last 15 years, I find it a privilege and honor to work with clients as they grow and learn about themselves and their lives. I believe it can be a wonderful opportunity to explore and move towards what is meaningful to you in your life. I also believe firmly that the therapist-client relationship is an important aspect in allowing for effective change and I strive to provide a warm, supportive and trusting environment throughout the process.
(916) 297-4561 View (916) 297-4561
Photo of Myrna Klassen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Myrna Klassen
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825  (Online Only)
With 40 years of experience in walking alongside clients to help them achieve the changes they desire, I still get great joy as I see clients make those changes. If you have relationship issues, anxiety or depression, or just don't know the next step to make your life what you want it to be, I have experience in all of these areas and more, and would love to help you achieve your goals. Since the beginning of the COVID pandemic, many people have discovered that issues that were simmering have come to the surface and they are ready to process and heal old wounds or improve their relationships. You might be one of them!
With 40 years of experience in walking alongside clients to help them achieve the changes they desire, I still get great joy as I see clients make those changes. If you have relationship issues, anxiety or depression, or just don't know the next step to make your life what you want it to be, I have experience in all of these areas and more, and would love to help you achieve your goals. Since the beginning of the COVID pandemic, many people have discovered that issues that were simmering have come to the surface and they are ready to process and heal old wounds or improve their relationships. You might be one of them!
(916) 459-1278 View (916) 459-1278
Photo of Aires Adalim, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sacramento, CA
Aires Adalim
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Are you a teen or young adult feeling stuck in life or lost after college? Do you want to build friendships, but don't know where to start, or wish you had a community to share your interests with? Whether you're facing challenges with relationships, career choices, or the uncertainties of post-grad life, I've got your back. My natural optimism and genuine love for connecting with people will help you discover the untapped possibilities in every situation. I can be the person you trust with the fragmented and uncertain parts of yourself, helping you weave together a coherent narrative of healing and self-discovery.
Are you a teen or young adult feeling stuck in life or lost after college? Do you want to build friendships, but don't know where to start, or wish you had a community to share your interests with? Whether you're facing challenges with relationships, career choices, or the uncertainties of post-grad life, I've got your back. My natural optimism and genuine love for connecting with people will help you discover the untapped possibilities in every situation. I can be the person you trust with the fragmented and uncertain parts of yourself, helping you weave together a coherent narrative of healing and self-discovery.
(530) 451-0899 View (530) 451-0899
Photo of Estee S. Cohen, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Estee S. Cohen
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Thank you for exploring my webpage. I realize that doing so is a significant step and I hope that this information helps guide you in seeking the support you may need. I have been practicing in the field of clinical and neuropsychology for 20 years. Many individuals with whom I work are experiencing heightened stress, anxiety or depression in response to life circumstances, such as accidents/injuries, health issues, parenting challenges, and other provocative life situations. I offer a supportive environment to explore the ways in which such challenges may be motivating my clients to feel and behave as they do.
Thank you for exploring my webpage. I realize that doing so is a significant step and I hope that this information helps guide you in seeking the support you may need. I have been practicing in the field of clinical and neuropsychology for 20 years. Many individuals with whom I work are experiencing heightened stress, anxiety or depression in response to life circumstances, such as accidents/injuries, health issues, parenting challenges, and other provocative life situations. I offer a supportive environment to explore the ways in which such challenges may be motivating my clients to feel and behave as they do.
(916) 502-9122 View (916) 502-9122
Photo of Jeannette Wilson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Jeannette Wilson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816  (Online Only)
Facing emotionally painful situations takes a fair amount of bravery. I can walk with you through those challenges, offering support and at times being a source of strength. Avoiding grief, fears, any type of conflict and/or suppressing anger may lead to increased anxiety and depression. Learning how to face these things with the use of some good coping skills can be very empowering. We all have the ability to learn how to deal with our emotions and work through conflict. It just takes practice and maybe some guidance. This is where I can help.
Facing emotionally painful situations takes a fair amount of bravery. I can walk with you through those challenges, offering support and at times being a source of strength. Avoiding grief, fears, any type of conflict and/or suppressing anger may lead to increased anxiety and depression. Learning how to face these things with the use of some good coping skills can be very empowering. We all have the ability to learn how to deal with our emotions and work through conflict. It just takes practice and maybe some guidance. This is where I can help.
(916) 943-4396 View (916) 943-4396
Photo of Amber Cation, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Amber Cation
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Amber Cation is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in California who has been practicing since 2015. She earned both her Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in Social Work from California State University of Sacramento. Amber has worked in various settings such as outpatient mental health, high school, and providing community-based services with the aging adult. She has gained most of her experience working with adults struggling with depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, substance abuse, and personality disorders.
Amber Cation is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in California who has been practicing since 2015. She earned both her Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in Social Work from California State University of Sacramento. Amber has worked in various settings such as outpatient mental health, high school, and providing community-based services with the aging adult. She has gained most of her experience working with adults struggling with depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, substance abuse, and personality disorders.
(916) 249-7398 View (916) 249-7398
Photo of Simone Lewis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Simone Lewis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, ASW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95814  (Online Only)
I collaborate with individuals to examine how their experiences are impacting their lives, by supporting people in the journey to be able to observe their thoughts and name their experiences and priorities. I support individuals in building a foundation of strategies and skills to promote positive coping. I incorporate elements of Mindfulness, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Strengths Based and evidenced based care as a part of my therapeutic approach.
I collaborate with individuals to examine how their experiences are impacting their lives, by supporting people in the journey to be able to observe their thoughts and name their experiences and priorities. I support individuals in building a foundation of strategies and skills to promote positive coping. I incorporate elements of Mindfulness, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Strengths Based and evidenced based care as a part of my therapeutic approach.
(916) 823-9938 View (916) 823-9938
Photo of Karmelle Ramillano, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Karmelle Ramillano
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95833
My name is Karmelle Ramillano and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) based in Southern California and working with clients statewide via Telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in mood, anxiety, and trauma disorders. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to help clients care for their mental well-being and achieve their mental health goals. I typically work with adults from as young as 18 years old to adults in their 60s who are hoping to process trauma. Other conditions I most often treat include depression, anxiety, PTSD, low self-esteem, and stress.
My name is Karmelle Ramillano and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) based in Southern California and working with clients statewide via Telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in mood, anxiety, and trauma disorders. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to help clients care for their mental well-being and achieve their mental health goals. I typically work with adults from as young as 18 years old to adults in their 60s who are hoping to process trauma. Other conditions I most often treat include depression, anxiety, PTSD, low self-esteem, and stress.
(916) 378-1780 View (916) 378-1780
Photo of Ashley Damo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Ashley Damo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Hello, my name is Ashley Damo. I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) who is passionate about creating a safe and supportive environment for my clients as they work toward their personal goals. I utilize Cognitive Behavior Therapy while working with adolescents and adults seeking therapy to address anxiety, depression, life transitions, family issues, and relationship difficulties. I also use Affirmative Therapy to address specific needs of individuals within the LGBTQ+ community.
Hello, my name is Ashley Damo. I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) who is passionate about creating a safe and supportive environment for my clients as they work toward their personal goals. I utilize Cognitive Behavior Therapy while working with adolescents and adults seeking therapy to address anxiety, depression, life transitions, family issues, and relationship difficulties. I also use Affirmative Therapy to address specific needs of individuals within the LGBTQ+ community.
(916) 776-5585 View (916) 776-5585
Photo of Danielle Heitman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Danielle Heitman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
I believe that valuable therapeutic work can only be done with a strong and trusting relationship between client and therapist. I work to create a safe and comfortable environment in which you can truly show up as yourself, and know that you will be accepted and seen just as you are. My approach is warm and authentic. I want therapy to be so much more than me sitting in front of you and asking “...how does that make you feel?” If you’re interested in integrating art, play, movement, music, sand tray, or spiritual practices into our work - let’s do it! We all deserve to take up space in ways that feel good.
I believe that valuable therapeutic work can only be done with a strong and trusting relationship between client and therapist. I work to create a safe and comfortable environment in which you can truly show up as yourself, and know that you will be accepted and seen just as you are. My approach is warm and authentic. I want therapy to be so much more than me sitting in front of you and asking “...how does that make you feel?” If you’re interested in integrating art, play, movement, music, sand tray, or spiritual practices into our work - let’s do it! We all deserve to take up space in ways that feel good.
(707) 348-4861 View (707) 348-4861
Photo of Kimberlin Borca Leon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Kimberlin Borca Leon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95820  (Online Only)
I help teens and adults whose emotional pain manifests as deep emotional hurt and sensitivity to specific situations, overwhelm, conflict in close relationships—even violent or suicidal thoughts and behaviors. If you're looking for a safe person who can help you in address the root causes of these experiences, while offering guidance on ways to feel better today, we might be a good fit. For parents interested in therapy for teens, I take a family-centered approach centered on increasing safety, wellness, and connection for the entire family.
I help teens and adults whose emotional pain manifests as deep emotional hurt and sensitivity to specific situations, overwhelm, conflict in close relationships—even violent or suicidal thoughts and behaviors. If you're looking for a safe person who can help you in address the root causes of these experiences, while offering guidance on ways to feel better today, we might be a good fit. For parents interested in therapy for teens, I take a family-centered approach centered on increasing safety, wellness, and connection for the entire family.
(916) 352-6059 View (916) 352-6059
Photo of Clay Collaborative Therapy Practice, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Clay Collaborative Therapy Practice
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95814
We see you feeling overwhelmed, stressed, and disconnected from your emotions. You're simultaneously worried about the state of the world and paralyzed from information overload. We see our kids struggling with feelings of insecurity and perfectionism, compounded by the stress of social media and looming fears about the future. We want to help you find more calm and greater peace through a deeper understanding of yourself.
We see you feeling overwhelmed, stressed, and disconnected from your emotions. You're simultaneously worried about the state of the world and paralyzed from information overload. We see our kids struggling with feelings of insecurity and perfectionism, compounded by the stress of social media and looming fears about the future. We want to help you find more calm and greater peace through a deeper understanding of yourself.
(279) 202-9374 View (279) 202-9374

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sacramento, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Sacramento, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
70% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

68% Aetna
62% Cigna and Evernorth
60% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Sacramento, CA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sacramento?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.