Depression Therapists in Whites Creek, TN

Photo of Brandy Dunn - Silver Lake Psychology, Psychologist, PsyD
Silver Lake Psychology
Psychologist, PsyD
Serves Area
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends and flexibility for creative professionals who can't make the same time each week.
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends and flexibility for creative professionals who can't make the same time each week.
(615) 802-9644 View (615) 802-9644
Photo of Linda J. Marcoux, Marriage & Family Therapist, EdDCP, LMFT
Linda J. Marcoux
Marriage & Family Therapist, EdDCP, LMFT
Online Only
I am versed in Trauma, women's issues, and other conditions such as depression and anxiety.
Are you seeking substantial and productive change in your life? Perhaps you have struggled with communication with significant others, or you feel that there is no positive progression or direction in your near future. I have worked with individuals and couples on managing Mental Health issues, reducing stress reactions, unblocking obstacles, and developing a positive self-image. Here, we don't judge or criticize you for who you are, but instead help you become a better, more confident individual. I work with you in a therapeutic setting that helps you to make personal changes in challenging situations.
I am versed in Trauma, women's issues, and other conditions such as depression and anxiety.
Are you seeking substantial and productive change in your life? Perhaps you have struggled with communication with significant others, or you feel that there is no positive progression or direction in your near future. I have worked with individuals and couples on managing Mental Health issues, reducing stress reactions, unblocking obstacles, and developing a positive self-image. Here, we don't judge or criticize you for who you are, but instead help you become a better, more confident individual. I work with you in a therapeutic setting that helps you to make personal changes in challenging situations.
(423) 830-4408 View (423) 830-4408
Photo of Kristi Marshall, Counselor, PhD, LPCMHSP
Kristi Marshall
Counselor, PhD, LPCMHSP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I have treated "all things pregnancy" for several years including pregnancy loss, postpartum depression, adoption and infertility.
I consider it an honor to walk alongside my clients on their journey towards healing. My therapy approach is highly collaborative. I value the therapeutic relationship more than any technique or theory itself. Initiating counseling is often a big and difficult step and I do my best to help you feel relaxed, comfortable and welcome. I am passionate about working with clients experiencing loss and grief. Many presenting issues come down to a loss- loss of a loved one, loss of a pregnancy, loss of hopes/dreams, loss of a marriage...and working through loss requires time, connection and a safe place.
I have treated "all things pregnancy" for several years including pregnancy loss, postpartum depression, adoption and infertility.
I consider it an honor to walk alongside my clients on their journey towards healing. My therapy approach is highly collaborative. I value the therapeutic relationship more than any technique or theory itself. Initiating counseling is often a big and difficult step and I do my best to help you feel relaxed, comfortable and welcome. I am passionate about working with clients experiencing loss and grief. Many presenting issues come down to a loss- loss of a loved one, loss of a pregnancy, loss of hopes/dreams, loss of a marriage...and working through loss requires time, connection and a safe place.
(615) 567-5548 View (615) 567-5548

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Laura Hart, Pastoral Counselor, PhD, DMin, LTT
Laura Hart
Pastoral Counselor, PhD, DMin, LTT
4 Endorsed
Old Hickory, TN 37138
Are you struggling with Anxiety, Depression, or Unhealthy Relationships?
With over 30 years of experience in Christian Counseling, my specialties are: • Struggling with anxiety and depression • Healing from emotional or verbal abuse • Navigating difficult or unhealthy relationships • Feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected. My approach combines Christian cognitive behavioral techniques with biblical truth to help you:
Are you struggling with Anxiety, Depression, or Unhealthy Relationships?
With over 30 years of experience in Christian Counseling, my specialties are: • Struggling with anxiety and depression • Healing from emotional or verbal abuse • Navigating difficult or unhealthy relationships • Feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected. My approach combines Christian cognitive behavioral techniques with biblical truth to help you:
(615) 866-2485 View (615) 866-2485
Photo of Angela Hart, Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Angela Hart
Counselor, LPC, MHSP
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37205
I work with adults, adolescents, and couples on relationship knots, anxiety/stress, depression, trauma, and the long shadow of childhood experiences (including abuse/neglect).
I’ve been in private practice for over 20 years and I genuinely enjoy working with a wide range of people and experiences. Therapy with me is highly individualized—I adapt my approach to fit you, not the other way around. My style is caring and direct. Clients often tell me the combination of empathy and thoughtful challenge is what helps them make real, lasting changes. My goal is to create a focused, supportive space where you can move toward greater vitality, self-awareness, and authenticity.
I work with adults, adolescents, and couples on relationship knots, anxiety/stress, depression, trauma, and the long shadow of childhood experiences (including abuse/neglect).
I’ve been in private practice for over 20 years and I genuinely enjoy working with a wide range of people and experiences. Therapy with me is highly individualized—I adapt my approach to fit you, not the other way around. My style is caring and direct. Clients often tell me the combination of empathy and thoughtful challenge is what helps them make real, lasting changes. My goal is to create a focused, supportive space where you can move toward greater vitality, self-awareness, and authenticity.
(615) 669-0945 View (615) 669-0945
Photo of Christa R Campbell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Christa R Campbell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37216
My focus is on helping people who struggle with depression, anxiety, anger, trauma, grief, transitions, mood issues, ADHD, recovery and others.
I am a licensed clinical therapist and have practiced in the Nashville area for almost 20 years. I enjoy working in a career that allows me to help people through the challenges they are facing. My goal is to walk along-side my clients, partnering with them to find their own strengths and a balance that helps them live a more satisfying life. I do this by teaching new skills and using techniques to help people make changes, set goals and move forward toward greater fulfillment.
My focus is on helping people who struggle with depression, anxiety, anger, trauma, grief, transitions, mood issues, ADHD, recovery and others.
I am a licensed clinical therapist and have practiced in the Nashville area for almost 20 years. I enjoy working in a career that allows me to help people through the challenges they are facing. My goal is to walk along-side my clients, partnering with them to find their own strengths and a balance that helps them live a more satisfying life. I do this by teaching new skills and using techniques to help people make changes, set goals and move forward toward greater fulfillment.
(615) 490-0991 View (615) 490-0991
Photo of Shelby Saliba-Rogers, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, MHSP
Shelby Saliba-Rogers
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, MHSP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I work well with clients whom find it difficult to move through life transitions due to symptoms of anxiety or depression.
I use an integrative approach intended to help with all of your major stressors. I enjoy using mind-body connections in order to process the issues at hand. I also tend to be very honest and gentle, yet direct with my clients. I work easily with adults and adolescents who experience anxiety, depression, OCD, and trauma.
I work well with clients whom find it difficult to move through life transitions due to symptoms of anxiety or depression.
I use an integrative approach intended to help with all of your major stressors. I enjoy using mind-body connections in order to process the issues at hand. I also tend to be very honest and gentle, yet direct with my clients. I work easily with adults and adolescents who experience anxiety, depression, OCD, and trauma.
(901) 582-7025 View (901) 582-7025
Photo of Cameron Carpenter, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, MHSP
Cameron Carpenter
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, MHSP
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I work with and assist children, adolescents, and adults aged 11 years and up experiencing any number of issues such as, but not limited to: depression, anxiety, adjustment problems, financial health disorders, life stage changes, grief, parenting issues, relationship difficulties, work/career problems, and health concerns.
Each person brings a unique experience to the counseling relationship, and it is my genuine desire to assist clients in exploring and acting upon opportunities for change and improvement. I provide an environment in which clients can grow, express themselves, and gain further insight and solutions for their unique situations.
I work with and assist children, adolescents, and adults aged 11 years and up experiencing any number of issues such as, but not limited to: depression, anxiety, adjustment problems, financial health disorders, life stage changes, grief, parenting issues, relationship difficulties, work/career problems, and health concerns.
Each person brings a unique experience to the counseling relationship, and it is my genuine desire to assist clients in exploring and acting upon opportunities for change and improvement. I provide an environment in which clients can grow, express themselves, and gain further insight and solutions for their unique situations.
(615) 412-0491 View (615) 412-0491
Photo of Dr. Joyce Pallens, Psychologist, Psy D
Dr. Joyce Pallens
Psychologist, Psy D
3 Endorsed
Mount Juliet, TN 37122
How do I stop the negative chatter in my head? We often experience negative self-deprecating thoughts that have a huge impact on the way we feel and behave. These thoughts make us feel sad, lonely, angry, or anxious, leading to wrong choices or impacting our relationships with the people we love. Navigating through these thoughts and feelings is very difficult. However, you can learn to positively restructure the way you think of the world and yourself. Your life experience is unique and you have the opportunity and capacity to live your best life.
How do I stop the negative chatter in my head? We often experience negative self-deprecating thoughts that have a huge impact on the way we feel and behave. These thoughts make us feel sad, lonely, angry, or anxious, leading to wrong choices or impacting our relationships with the people we love. Navigating through these thoughts and feelings is very difficult. However, you can learn to positively restructure the way you think of the world and yourself. Your life experience is unique and you have the opportunity and capacity to live your best life.
(615) 285-9913 View (615) 285-9913
Photo of David Vickery, Psychologist, PhD
David Vickery
Psychologist, PhD
Franklin, TN 37067
Anxiety, depression, and related problems
Let's talk about what is right about you......Let's name the good and let's begin the change. Most of us need help doing this as our day to day lives emphasize the negative and consequently we forget who we truly are. What does your "Best Self" look like and how do we get there. It is our hope at Positive Psychology Group that we may be of some help should you have retreated from an active participation in life by helping you rekindle the joy in life that has somehow been hidden and suppressed.
Anxiety, depression, and related problems
Let's talk about what is right about you......Let's name the good and let's begin the change. Most of us need help doing this as our day to day lives emphasize the negative and consequently we forget who we truly are. What does your "Best Self" look like and how do we get there. It is our hope at Positive Psychology Group that we may be of some help should you have retreated from an active participation in life by helping you rekindle the joy in life that has somehow been hidden and suppressed.
(615) 203-8064 View (615) 203-8064
Photo of Teri Phillips, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Teri Phillips
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Online Only
I am a licensed professional counselor and a mother of two grown children and one grandson. Teaching was my first career and counseling is my second career. I am an empathetic, client-centered therapist who is action-oriented. I teach my clients how to discover alternatives and solutions to their problems. I want my clients to feel that I am really helping them with targeted treatments, and I want them to feel extremely at ease with me and be able to trust me. My goal is for them to improve over time and not feel that they are wasting their time in therapy.
I am a licensed professional counselor and a mother of two grown children and one grandson. Teaching was my first career and counseling is my second career. I am an empathetic, client-centered therapist who is action-oriented. I teach my clients how to discover alternatives and solutions to their problems. I want my clients to feel that I am really helping them with targeted treatments, and I want them to feel extremely at ease with me and be able to trust me. My goal is for them to improve over time and not feel that they are wasting their time in therapy.
(256) 807-2942 View (256) 807-2942
Photo of Jason Holland, Psychologist, PhD
Jason Holland
Psychologist, PhD
Gallatin, TN 37066
I provide psychotherapy for adults and older adolescents facing anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, stress, and major life changes.
Sometimes the hardest part is realizing things do not have to stay this way. Stress, anxiety, grief, trauma, or a major transition can start to affect sleep, relationships, confidence, and your sense of direction. Many people come in wanting relief, but also wanting to understand themselves better and make changes that last. Therapy can be a place to sort through what is weighing on you, regain clarity, and move forward with greater purpose and intention.
I provide psychotherapy for adults and older adolescents facing anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, stress, and major life changes.
Sometimes the hardest part is realizing things do not have to stay this way. Stress, anxiety, grief, trauma, or a major transition can start to affect sleep, relationships, confidence, and your sense of direction. Many people come in wanting relief, but also wanting to understand themselves better and make changes that last. Therapy can be a place to sort through what is weighing on you, regain clarity, and move forward with greater purpose and intention.
(615) 551-5330 View (615) 551-5330
Photo of Karen B Roberts - KBR Serenity Mind, Body Practice , Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
KBR Serenity Mind, Body Practice
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I have a diverse range of experience in working with those who have been exposed to trauma, depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder.
Greetings! I'm Karen Roberts, a licensed clinical social worker with over 25 years of experience in working with individuals, families, and groups in community. In therapy, my approach is to meet you where you are on your journey and collaborate towards achieving your goals. By envisioning what changes you desire in your life, you have already taken the first step. Perhaps you aim to be more vibrant, energetic, decisive, and purposeful. Imagine the possibilities if you could tap into these qualities. What would your life look like and how would you feel?
I have a diverse range of experience in working with those who have been exposed to trauma, depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder.
Greetings! I'm Karen Roberts, a licensed clinical social worker with over 25 years of experience in working with individuals, families, and groups in community. In therapy, my approach is to meet you where you are on your journey and collaborate towards achieving your goals. By envisioning what changes you desire in your life, you have already taken the first step. Perhaps you aim to be more vibrant, energetic, decisive, and purposeful. Imagine the possibilities if you could tap into these qualities. What would your life look like and how would you feel?
(615) 492-3396 View (615) 492-3396
Photo of LaKreasha Scharcklet - LaKreasha Scharcklet @ Horizon Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
LaKreasha Scharcklet @ Horizon Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37214
If you’re feeling stuck in anxiety, depression, or recovery challenges—or just not sure where to start—you don’t have to face it alone.
I help clients with depression, anxiety, recovery, and women’s issues by providing a supportive space to be heard and understood. Using CBT, DBT, and motivational interviewing, I help you build coping skills, set meaningful goals, and move forward with confidence, balance, and hope.
If you’re feeling stuck in anxiety, depression, or recovery challenges—or just not sure where to start—you don’t have to face it alone.
I help clients with depression, anxiety, recovery, and women’s issues by providing a supportive space to be heard and understood. Using CBT, DBT, and motivational interviewing, I help you build coping skills, set meaningful goals, and move forward with confidence, balance, and hope.
(615) 637-8452 View (615) 637-8452
Photo of Olivia Gibson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Olivia Gibson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Franklin, TN 37064
I specialize in helping clients recover from anxiety and panic, resolve depression, and navigate the complexities of chronic pain.
As you open your eyes to another day, the tightness in your chest is still there. The hum of nervousness has begun in your belly and you're not even sure what you're really worried about. Dread fills your mind as you realize today is going to be one of those anxious days. You keep telling yourself to stop, relax and chill-out. It still doesn’t get better. You try to pause and see all you have going for yourself, thinking about the people who love you. Every day you give full effort to do what’s right, put your friends and family first. None of it works. None of it stops the worry. It feels as if the anxiety now has full control.
I specialize in helping clients recover from anxiety and panic, resolve depression, and navigate the complexities of chronic pain.
As you open your eyes to another day, the tightness in your chest is still there. The hum of nervousness has begun in your belly and you're not even sure what you're really worried about. Dread fills your mind as you realize today is going to be one of those anxious days. You keep telling yourself to stop, relax and chill-out. It still doesn’t get better. You try to pause and see all you have going for yourself, thinking about the people who love you. Every day you give full effort to do what’s right, put your friends and family first. None of it works. None of it stops the worry. It feels as if the anxiety now has full control.
(629) 356-5987 View (629) 356-5987
Photo of Lydia Thompson, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Lydia Thompson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Brentwood, TN 37027
Parenting a teen in Brentwood or Franklin can feel overwhelming, especially when anxiety, school avoidance, high expectations, or family conflict take over daily life. I work with anxious teens and their parents who feel stuck in cycles of stress, shutdown, or constant pressure to perform. Together, we slow things down, improve communication, and create practical changes that help teens feel more confident and families feel more connected. If your teen is struggling with anxiety, identity questions, or tension at home, support is available.
Parenting a teen in Brentwood or Franklin can feel overwhelming, especially when anxiety, school avoidance, high expectations, or family conflict take over daily life. I work with anxious teens and their parents who feel stuck in cycles of stress, shutdown, or constant pressure to perform. Together, we slow things down, improve communication, and create practical changes that help teens feel more confident and families feel more connected. If your teen is struggling with anxiety, identity questions, or tension at home, support is available.
(615) 237-7320 View (615) 237-7320
Photo of Pam Quaintance, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Pam Quaintance
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I am passionate about helping people find their path when they are faced with one of life’s challenges or turning points. In my practice, I provide a variety of counseling services for adults, teens and families. My focus is to help you grow on a personal, spiritual, and energetic level. My methods are fluid and utilize various interventions creating an opportunity for personal growth and positive change.
I am passionate about helping people find their path when they are faced with one of life’s challenges or turning points. In my practice, I provide a variety of counseling services for adults, teens and families. My focus is to help you grow on a personal, spiritual, and energetic level. My methods are fluid and utilize various interventions creating an opportunity for personal growth and positive change.
(615) 265-6084 View (615) 265-6084
Photo of Brittany Wood, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Brittany Wood
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I have an extensive background working with individuals who have depression, OCD, anxiety, LGBTQ+ concerns and needs, low self-esteem, grief, and difficulty with life transitions, as well as the specialized treatment of severe and/or complex trauma and abuse.
l strive to provide a compassionate and safe space for individuals to explore their experiences and work towards healing, and I am dedicated to the well-being of my clients. Drawing upon evidence-based therapeutic approaches, I tailor my therapy sessions to meet the unique needs of each client. I believe in the power of a collaborative therapeutic relationship, where individuals feel empowered and supported as they navigate their healing process. I am trained in a variety of therapeutic approaches, including EMDR, TF-CBT, DBT, IFS, IFT, Motivational Interviewing, and Person-Centered Therapy.
I have an extensive background working with individuals who have depression, OCD, anxiety, LGBTQ+ concerns and needs, low self-esteem, grief, and difficulty with life transitions, as well as the specialized treatment of severe and/or complex trauma and abuse.
l strive to provide a compassionate and safe space for individuals to explore their experiences and work towards healing, and I am dedicated to the well-being of my clients. Drawing upon evidence-based therapeutic approaches, I tailor my therapy sessions to meet the unique needs of each client. I believe in the power of a collaborative therapeutic relationship, where individuals feel empowered and supported as they navigate their healing process. I am trained in a variety of therapeutic approaches, including EMDR, TF-CBT, DBT, IFS, IFT, Motivational Interviewing, and Person-Centered Therapy.
(731) 237-0889 View (731) 237-0889
Photo of Malaya Walker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Malaya Walker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I specialize in treating and providing support for anxiety, depression, OCD, self-esteem issues, life transitions, and trauma.
Do you feel stuck in your life? Do you hide your true feelings while you suffer in silence? You are not alone in these feelings. Healing and growth is possible. My passion is helping individuals across the lifespan, including adolescents, adults, and families, through reflective collaboration and therapy. Many of my clients feel that they are stuck and powerless against their circumstances. My mission is to guide you on a new path to mental and emotional wellness in which you can experience life like never before.
I specialize in treating and providing support for anxiety, depression, OCD, self-esteem issues, life transitions, and trauma.
Do you feel stuck in your life? Do you hide your true feelings while you suffer in silence? You are not alone in these feelings. Healing and growth is possible. My passion is helping individuals across the lifespan, including adolescents, adults, and families, through reflective collaboration and therapy. Many of my clients feel that they are stuck and powerless against their circumstances. My mission is to guide you on a new path to mental and emotional wellness in which you can experience life like never before.
(901) 479-0195 View (901) 479-0195
Photo of Stephanie Sheppard Upchurch, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Stephanie Sheppard Upchurch
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Nashville, TN 37205
I genuinely believe that OCD, anxiety, depression and eating disorders are very treatable conditions when being treated with effective and active treatments.
I utilize cognitive behavioral therapies including cognitive restructuring, exposure response prevention, habit reversal training, and behavioral activation in addition to mindfulness and distress tolerance techniques. All treatments are chosen on an individual basis and are chosen with the intent to provide the individual with the best chance at recovery.
I genuinely believe that OCD, anxiety, depression and eating disorders are very treatable conditions when being treated with effective and active treatments.
I utilize cognitive behavioral therapies including cognitive restructuring, exposure response prevention, habit reversal training, and behavioral activation in addition to mindfulness and distress tolerance techniques. All treatments are chosen on an individual basis and are chosen with the intent to provide the individual with the best chance at recovery.
(615) 913-5648 View (615) 913-5648
Depression Therapists
What is the goal of therapy for depression?
Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?
Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?
Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?
Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?
Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.