Therapists in Trenton, TN

Photo of Carolyn Cooper-Murriel, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT-S, LPC, LCDC
Carolyn Cooper-Murriel
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT-S, LPC, LCDC
1 Endorsed
Trenton, TN 38382
Today you are one step closer to a new you, empowered and on a positive path to growth and well-being. Paraclete Counseling Services LLC is a small, boutique psychotherapy practice serving individuals and couples. I'm licensed in Texas and Tennessee, and PCS specializes in helping committed, motivated married couples to create beautiful marriages and helping woman live their best lives. Psychotherapy is an excellent opportunity to shed light on areas of pain in our life that keep us stuck and unfulfilled. Change requires a commitment to take the necessary steps in our relationships and lives.
Today you are one step closer to a new you, empowered and on a positive path to growth and well-being. Paraclete Counseling Services LLC is a small, boutique psychotherapy practice serving individuals and couples. I'm licensed in Texas and Tennessee, and PCS specializes in helping committed, motivated married couples to create beautiful marriages and helping woman live their best lives. Psychotherapy is an excellent opportunity to shed light on areas of pain in our life that keep us stuck and unfulfilled. Change requires a commitment to take the necessary steps in our relationships and lives.
(469) 208-5584 View (469) 208-5584
Photo of Renetta Albea-Beard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, L, C, S, W
Renetta Albea-Beard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, L, C, S, W
Trenton, TN 38382
As a Licensed Counselor, I seek to work work with clients who are ready, willing, and motivated to invoke change in his/her life. Change is not easy but it is necessary for personal growth and to overcome obstacles. I believe that through working together and developing a therapeutic relationship, any goal realistically set can be achieved. I believe that every client comes to therapy with the desire to be successful and to confront their 'why'. My ideal client is anyone that is willing to be open and honest without judgment.
As a Licensed Counselor, I seek to work work with clients who are ready, willing, and motivated to invoke change in his/her life. Change is not easy but it is necessary for personal growth and to overcome obstacles. I believe that through working together and developing a therapeutic relationship, any goal realistically set can be achieved. I believe that every client comes to therapy with the desire to be successful and to confront their 'why'. My ideal client is anyone that is willing to be open and honest without judgment.
(731) 330-8958 View (731) 330-8958

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Ashley Mathes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Ashley Mathes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Online Only
My jam is teens navigating difficult connections and learning about who they are and how they fit in the world. I also love working with adults in the throws of life transitions such as marriage, divorce, parenting, job changes and everything in between. If you're motivated to dig deep and make discoveries or changes in your life, I'm the therapist for you!
My jam is teens navigating difficult connections and learning about who they are and how they fit in the world. I also love working with adults in the throws of life transitions such as marriage, divorce, parenting, job changes and everything in between. If you're motivated to dig deep and make discoveries or changes in your life, I'm the therapist for you!
(919) 646-2411 View (919) 646-2411
Photo of Mark Baldwin - Dr. Mark Baldwin at LifeWorks Resources, Counselor, EdD, LPC, MHSP
Dr. Mark Baldwin at LifeWorks Resources
Counselor, EdD, LPC, MHSP
2 Endorsed
Jackson, TN 38301
At LifeWorks Resources we believe that we all need help staying focused on the correct direction. We hope to encourage and challenge one another. Christian Counseling is a unique service in that the values of the Counselor are revealed at the forefront, but what we are really interested in is where you are, your story, your strengths and struggles, and how we can help guide you through the process. We will be work with you to tailor the approaches to meet your needs and anyone can come for counseling regardless of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, or religion.
At LifeWorks Resources we believe that we all need help staying focused on the correct direction. We hope to encourage and challenge one another. Christian Counseling is a unique service in that the values of the Counselor are revealed at the forefront, but what we are really interested in is where you are, your story, your strengths and struggles, and how we can help guide you through the process. We will be work with you to tailor the approaches to meet your needs and anyone can come for counseling regardless of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, or religion.
(731) 483-4018 View (731) 483-4018
Photo of Starlett Armstrong, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Starlett Armstrong
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jackson, TN 38305
Hello, my name is Starlett Armstrong, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years of experience in mental health, trauma care, and social services. As a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional, I specialize in delivering compassionate, evidence-based therapeutic services, program development, and leadership that prioritize quality care and continuous improvement. I am passionate about supporting individuals and organizations in achieving growth, resilience, and meaningful outcomes.
Hello, my name is Starlett Armstrong, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years of experience in mental health, trauma care, and social services. As a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional, I specialize in delivering compassionate, evidence-based therapeutic services, program development, and leadership that prioritize quality care and continuous improvement. I am passionate about supporting individuals and organizations in achieving growth, resilience, and meaningful outcomes.
(615) 903-4604 View (615) 903-4604
Photo of Richard R Dion, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CPC
Richard R Dion
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CPC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
As a primary therapist and sole owner of Broken Vessels Counseling, I am focused on only one thing, your success. I am passionate about walking along side the hurting, the lost, the captive, the broken, as they discover for themselves their own unique qualities that make them the treasured works of art they where always meant to be. It is my belief that through client centered individual therapy; "Team" oriented Family Therapy; and peer support group therapy; anyone who comes through our program and gives it all they have will successfully transition towards their desired goal in life, with new inner self awareness, esteem.
As a primary therapist and sole owner of Broken Vessels Counseling, I am focused on only one thing, your success. I am passionate about walking along side the hurting, the lost, the captive, the broken, as they discover for themselves their own unique qualities that make them the treasured works of art they where always meant to be. It is my belief that through client centered individual therapy; "Team" oriented Family Therapy; and peer support group therapy; anyone who comes through our program and gives it all they have will successfully transition towards their desired goal in life, with new inner self awareness, esteem.
(865) 326-3660 View (865) 326-3660
Photo of Sara Moody, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sara Moody
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hi! My name is Sara Moody and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with 12 years of experience helping people with various life struggles. If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief/loss or a variety of life changes including: new as a caregiver, job changes, financial changes, new health diagnosis etc... I will be happy to assist you in decreasing those feelings of being overwhelmed.
Hi! My name is Sara Moody and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with 12 years of experience helping people with various life struggles. If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief/loss or a variety of life changes including: new as a caregiver, job changes, financial changes, new health diagnosis etc... I will be happy to assist you in decreasing those feelings of being overwhelmed.
(323) 643-8569 View (323) 643-8569
Photo of Matt Donnelly, Pre-Licensed Professional
Matt Donnelly
Pre-Licensed Professional
Online Only
Clients that I have seen have struggled with issues such as trauma, depression, anxiety, relationships, self-worth, self-discovery, life transitions, neurodivergence, self-harming and suicidal ideation, aging from as young as 6 to their 80's. They have searched for guidance and direction that are specific to their wants and needs in their life. Some have only had to receive brief therapy while others have had the need for longer durations of therapy.
Clients that I have seen have struggled with issues such as trauma, depression, anxiety, relationships, self-worth, self-discovery, life transitions, neurodivergence, self-harming and suicidal ideation, aging from as young as 6 to their 80's. They have searched for guidance and direction that are specific to their wants and needs in their life. Some have only had to receive brief therapy while others have had the need for longer durations of therapy.
(731) 202-7996 View (731) 202-7996
Photo of Breanna Smith, Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC, MHSP(t), NCC
Breanna Smith
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC, MHSP(t), NCC
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
Taking the step to seek support is a powerful and courageous act of self-care. I cultivate an empowering, affirmative space for children (6+), families, adults, and couples to navigate life’s challenges through practical skills and transformative healing in trauma, relationship issues, self-esteem, neurodivergence, anxiety, behavioral challenges, identity exploration, school/career stress, perfectionism, codependency and people pleasing tendencies, among others. I am passionate about fostering a high-caliber, individualized experience, meeting you where you are while also creating healthy habits and lasting change.
Taking the step to seek support is a powerful and courageous act of self-care. I cultivate an empowering, affirmative space for children (6+), families, adults, and couples to navigate life’s challenges through practical skills and transformative healing in trauma, relationship issues, self-esteem, neurodivergence, anxiety, behavioral challenges, identity exploration, school/career stress, perfectionism, codependency and people pleasing tendencies, among others. I am passionate about fostering a high-caliber, individualized experience, meeting you where you are while also creating healthy habits and lasting change.
(865) 855-4934 View (865) 855-4934
Photo of Beth Wilson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Beth Wilson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Jackson, TN 38305
I am a compassionate and experienced therapist dedicated to helping individuals of all ages (7 and up) navigate their mental health journey. With a focus on evidence-based practices such as TF CBT, brief therapies, and solution-focused therapy, I provide a safe and supportive space for healing and growth. As a Trauma-Informed practitioner, I integrate various modalities and Expressive Therapies like painting, journaling, music, and movement. Specializing in working with children aged seven and above, I have a natural affinity for teenagers who often find comfort and support in our sessions.
I am a compassionate and experienced therapist dedicated to helping individuals of all ages (7 and up) navigate their mental health journey. With a focus on evidence-based practices such as TF CBT, brief therapies, and solution-focused therapy, I provide a safe and supportive space for healing and growth. As a Trauma-Informed practitioner, I integrate various modalities and Expressive Therapies like painting, journaling, music, and movement. Specializing in working with children aged seven and above, I have a natural affinity for teenagers who often find comfort and support in our sessions.
(731) 207-8645 View (731) 207-8645
Photo of Madison Kuykendall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Madison Kuykendall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hi! I’m Madison. Do you find yourself struggling to find peace in a fast-paced world? Are you feeling overwhelmed and anxious? My goal as a therapist is to help you find balance and meaning in your life. I will work with you to identify an individualized plan to meet your goals. We will use evidence-based techniques and a whole health approach to get you on track to bring the best version of yourself. I’d love to work with you on your journey to growth and healing.
Hi! I’m Madison. Do you find yourself struggling to find peace in a fast-paced world? Are you feeling overwhelmed and anxious? My goal as a therapist is to help you find balance and meaning in your life. I will work with you to identify an individualized plan to meet your goals. We will use evidence-based techniques and a whole health approach to get you on track to bring the best version of yourself. I’d love to work with you on your journey to growth and healing.
(731) 678-3001 View (731) 678-3001
Photo of Ashley Jones McDonald, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ashley Jones McDonald
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Only
Hi, I’m Ashley McDonald, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Tennessee. I have over a decade of experience working with adults navigating anxiety, depression, grief, and the lingering effects of complicated or overwhelming life experiences. Many of the people who come to see me feel emotionally exhausted, stuck in their thoughts, or weighed down by situations they never expected to carry for this long. If that sounds familiar, you’re not alone, and we can begin your journey.
Hi, I’m Ashley McDonald, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Tennessee. I have over a decade of experience working with adults navigating anxiety, depression, grief, and the lingering effects of complicated or overwhelming life experiences. Many of the people who come to see me feel emotionally exhausted, stuck in their thoughts, or weighed down by situations they never expected to carry for this long. If that sounds familiar, you’re not alone, and we can begin your journey.
(901) 350-2392 View (901) 350-2392
Photo of Jennifer Roney, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Jennifer Roney
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Online Only
Do you struggle with feeling “good enough”? Are you sick of feeling overwhelmed, exhausted, and stressed? Do you feel like some days you are just going through the motions or barely have your head above water? I specialize in helping people understand themselves better so that they can actively work towards healing. I am passionate about helping individuals that struggle with anxiety, traumatic events, perfectionism, overthinking, fear, life transitions, and faith based concerns.
Do you struggle with feeling “good enough”? Are you sick of feeling overwhelmed, exhausted, and stressed? Do you feel like some days you are just going through the motions or barely have your head above water? I specialize in helping people understand themselves better so that they can actively work towards healing. I am passionate about helping individuals that struggle with anxiety, traumatic events, perfectionism, overthinking, fear, life transitions, and faith based concerns.
(731) 327-5807 View (731) 327-5807
Photo of Jennifer Stanford, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jennifer Stanford
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Tennessee. I received my Masters from Simmons University from Boston, MA and have been practicing for over 8 years. I help adults struggling with anxiety and depression. I am also trauma informed and have experience working with those that have experienced trauma past and current. I am passionate about my work and helping others along their healing journey.
Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Tennessee. I received my Masters from Simmons University from Boston, MA and have been practicing for over 8 years. I help adults struggling with anxiety and depression. I am also trauma informed and have experience working with those that have experienced trauma past and current. I am passionate about my work and helping others along their healing journey.
(731) 472-8372 View (731) 472-8372
Photo of Patricia Heath, Counselor, LPC-MHS, NCC
Patricia Heath
Counselor, LPC-MHS, NCC
Dyersburg, TN 38024
It is never too late to change your life. Life can be hard and we all need help sometimes. Now is the time to change your life and invest in a healthier, happier you. I would be honored to help you change your life for a more positive tomorrow. I think everyone deserves to live their best life. I work to get to the root cause of the issue so you can have more permanent and deeper healing. A healthier you is the most important investment of time, energy and finances that you could make. You deserve positive relationships and to live a healthy life.
It is never too late to change your life. Life can be hard and we all need help sometimes. Now is the time to change your life and invest in a healthier, happier you. I would be honored to help you change your life for a more positive tomorrow. I think everyone deserves to live their best life. I work to get to the root cause of the issue so you can have more permanent and deeper healing. A healthier you is the most important investment of time, energy and finances that you could make. You deserve positive relationships and to live a healthy life.
(731) 431-7728 View (731) 431-7728
Photo of April Thompson, Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC, MHSP(T), MA, NCC
April Thompson
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC, MHSP(T), MA, NCC
1 Endorsed
Jackson, TN 38305
In life we are all given the opportunity to create a story. Sometimes, we create our own stories and other times, our stories are written for us. When our stories are written for us our lives can become stories of pain, trauma, and disappointment. Do you wish you could find healing in your story? You do not have to do it alone; healing is a process and many times a journey. I will partner with you to provide a safe space to work towards healing. I believe you can find holistic healing for your mind, emotions, and body. As a Christian therapist, I will take an integrative approach towards your treatment.
In life we are all given the opportunity to create a story. Sometimes, we create our own stories and other times, our stories are written for us. When our stories are written for us our lives can become stories of pain, trauma, and disappointment. Do you wish you could find healing in your story? You do not have to do it alone; healing is a process and many times a journey. I will partner with you to provide a safe space to work towards healing. I believe you can find holistic healing for your mind, emotions, and body. As a Christian therapist, I will take an integrative approach towards your treatment.
(731) 703-8858 View (731) 703-8858
Photo of Tashinika Crowley, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Tashinika Crowley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
My name is Dr. Tashinika Crowley and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor for the state of Mississippi. I have over 10 years of experience in working with adults, adolescents, and the prison population. I received my PhD in Social Work from Jackson State University in 2020, and my Master's in Counseling from Mississippi College in 2013. I truly believe in using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy because I believe that if a person can change the way that they think, this can change the way that they behave. I have used this approach with many of my clients and have had the greatest success with this approach.
My name is Dr. Tashinika Crowley and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor for the state of Mississippi. I have over 10 years of experience in working with adults, adolescents, and the prison population. I received my PhD in Social Work from Jackson State University in 2020, and my Master's in Counseling from Mississippi College in 2013. I truly believe in using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy because I believe that if a person can change the way that they think, this can change the way that they behave. I have used this approach with many of my clients and have had the greatest success with this approach.
(601) 674-8801 View (601) 674-8801
Photo of Gayle Michael Cravens - Cravens Behavioral Health, Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC, NCC
Cravens Behavioral Health
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC, NCC
Jackson, TN 38305
After years of providing behavioral health services, I am honored to say that my clients have taught me as much as I hopefully have helped them. Through my education and learning from my clients, I have become better equipped to help adults needing and wanting to grow in a number of arenas. I am a LPC/MHSP, LMFT, National Certified Counselor (NCC) and Approved Counseling Supervisor in the state of Tennessee. I have worked with adults struggling with a wide range of concerns, including anxiety disorders, behavioral disorders, chronic illness, depression, grief, infidelity, and sexual concerns.
After years of providing behavioral health services, I am honored to say that my clients have taught me as much as I hopefully have helped them. Through my education and learning from my clients, I have become better equipped to help adults needing and wanting to grow in a number of arenas. I am a LPC/MHSP, LMFT, National Certified Counselor (NCC) and Approved Counseling Supervisor in the state of Tennessee. I have worked with adults struggling with a wide range of concerns, including anxiety disorders, behavioral disorders, chronic illness, depression, grief, infidelity, and sexual concerns.
(731) 251-3935 View (731) 251-3935
Photo of Elizabeth Sellari, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MSHP
Elizabeth Sellari
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MSHP
3 Endorsed
Online Only
With nearly 20 years of experience as a mental health counselor, I bring a compassionate, easy-going approach to therapy, creating a safe and supportive space for clients to explore their challenges and build resilience. My practice integrates evidence-based modalities, including Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and trauma-focused interventions, to address a wide range of mental health concerns.
With nearly 20 years of experience as a mental health counselor, I bring a compassionate, easy-going approach to therapy, creating a safe and supportive space for clients to explore their challenges and build resilience. My practice integrates evidence-based modalities, including Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and trauma-focused interventions, to address a wide range of mental health concerns.
(901) 883-6120 View (901) 883-6120
Photo of Laquita Shanta Robinson, BSW, MSW, MBA
Laquita Shanta Robinson
Verified Verified
Jackson, TN 38305
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, or past trauma? Struggling with relationships, life transitions, or finding a sense of purpose? You don’t have to face these challenges alone. I provide a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your feelings, gain clarity, and discover practical tools to manage stress, build stronger connections, and find emotional balance. Together, we’ll work toward your goals of healing, personal growth, and fulfillment. Let’s take the first step toward the life you deserve—one filled with resilience, confidence, and peace.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, or past trauma? Struggling with relationships, life transitions, or finding a sense of purpose? You don’t have to face these challenges alone. I provide a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your feelings, gain clarity, and discover practical tools to manage stress, build stronger connections, and find emotional balance. Together, we’ll work toward your goals of healing, personal growth, and fulfillment. Let’s take the first step toward the life you deserve—one filled with resilience, confidence, and peace.
(731) 678-3158 View (731) 678-3158

See more therapy options for Trenton

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Trenton, TN

< 10

Therapists in Trenton, TN who prioritize treating:

50% Relationship Issues
50% Depression
50% Anxiety
50% Trauma and PTSD
50% Other
50% Divorce
50% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Trenton, TN see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Trenton?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.