Therapists in Montgomery County, TN

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Photo of Kara Cheek, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kara Cheek
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Clarksville, TN 37043
Not accepting new clients
I offer individual therapy for children 8+, adolescents, and adults. I typically treat clients with Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, helping those experiencing feelings of grief and loss, relationship stressors, and life adjustment difficulties. If you are looking to learn how to regulating emotions, manage life stressors, improve communication skills, or learn distress tolerance skills then we are a good fit!
I offer individual therapy for children 8+, adolescents, and adults. I typically treat clients with Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, helping those experiencing feelings of grief and loss, relationship stressors, and life adjustment difficulties. If you are looking to learn how to regulating emotions, manage life stressors, improve communication skills, or learn distress tolerance skills then we are a good fit!
(931) 429-0518 View (931) 429-0518
Photo of Terri Rice, MA, AMFT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Terri Rice
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clarksville, TN 37043
Life can be challenging at times, and whether you are struggling with grief, relational issues, trauma, mental health and well-being or a transitional phase in your life, I work collaboratively with my clients, individual, couples or families, to support your journey. While reaching out for guidance and support can be difficult, it can be the most rewarding and life changing decision a person can make. I recognize the strength in each of my clients and work with them to discover the skills and resources they already have and those that may need to navigate the moment that they are in.
Life can be challenging at times, and whether you are struggling with grief, relational issues, trauma, mental health and well-being or a transitional phase in your life, I work collaboratively with my clients, individual, couples or families, to support your journey. While reaching out for guidance and support can be difficult, it can be the most rewarding and life changing decision a person can make. I recognize the strength in each of my clients and work with them to discover the skills and resources they already have and those that may need to navigate the moment that they are in.
(615) 909-5566 View (615) 909-5566
Photo of Sierah M Campbell, MS, NCC, LPCMHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sierah M Campbell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
(PLEASE NOTE: No current openings. I am on extended maternity leave until 05/2025) I am honored to join you on your journey toward inner peace. As a mental health therapist and owner of Perry Behavioral Wellness, LLC, I offer an empathetic, objective, and non-judgmental environment to help clients achieve their goals. I specialize in supporting women, veterans, couples, families, and marginalized groups. My extensive experience fuels my passion for assisting adults with relationship issues, grief, PTSD, anxiety, and depression.
(PLEASE NOTE: No current openings. I am on extended maternity leave until 05/2025) I am honored to join you on your journey toward inner peace. As a mental health therapist and owner of Perry Behavioral Wellness, LLC, I offer an empathetic, objective, and non-judgmental environment to help clients achieve their goals. I specialize in supporting women, veterans, couples, families, and marginalized groups. My extensive experience fuels my passion for assisting adults with relationship issues, grief, PTSD, anxiety, and depression.
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Photo of Mandy Keller, Pre-Licensed Professional
Mandy Keller
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Clarksville, TN 37043
Is your child acting out and you aren't sure how to help? Is your teen becoming distant and moody, leaving you feeling it is nearly impossible to see eye to eye? Do you desperately want to put an end to harmful family patterns, sparing your children from hardships you have faced? Your child is your whole world, and when they aren’t happy, neither are you. It’s normal to want to fix everything for them, and also to have no idea how to. You may feel as if you have tried everything without success, feeling as if there is little hope that life will get better. You desperately need something to work so you can see your child happy again.
Is your child acting out and you aren't sure how to help? Is your teen becoming distant and moody, leaving you feeling it is nearly impossible to see eye to eye? Do you desperately want to put an end to harmful family patterns, sparing your children from hardships you have faced? Your child is your whole world, and when they aren’t happy, neither are you. It’s normal to want to fix everything for them, and also to have no idea how to. You may feel as if you have tried everything without success, feeling as if there is little hope that life will get better. You desperately need something to work so you can see your child happy again.
(931) 535-5509 View (931) 535-5509
Photo of Deborah Dai'Re, MS, LPC, MHSP, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Deborah Dai'Re
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clarksville, TN 37040
My passion is helping others navigate through life's difficult times. I am currently seeing clients in the office as well as tele-health. I ensure my clients are comfortable and have a non judgmental, safe environment to process, thoughts, emotions, and struggles. I understand exposing our deepest darkest secrets, fears, and struggles can be difficult. I have had the opportunity to work with individuals from all walks of life and many different mental health issues. I appreciate and respect diversity. Take the first step.
My passion is helping others navigate through life's difficult times. I am currently seeing clients in the office as well as tele-health. I ensure my clients are comfortable and have a non judgmental, safe environment to process, thoughts, emotions, and struggles. I understand exposing our deepest darkest secrets, fears, and struggles can be difficult. I have had the opportunity to work with individuals from all walks of life and many different mental health issues. I appreciate and respect diversity. Take the first step.
(931) 208-5682 View (931) 208-5682
Photo of Ja-Kay Matheny, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ja-Kay Matheny
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Life is full of ups and downs as we all know. However, sometimes it seems as if there are more downs than ups, and you need help finding out where things went wrong. You are not alone on your journey of life.
Life is full of ups and downs as we all know. However, sometimes it seems as if there are more downs than ups, and you need help finding out where things went wrong. You are not alone on your journey of life.
(615) 492-8136 View (615) 492-8136
Photo of Dayciaa C. Smith, EdD, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dayciaa C. Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Clarksville, TN 37040
Not accepting new clients
Happy Hello! I counsel children and adolescents, from ages 6-18, on academic and behavioral matters including, but not limited to, the following: Goal-Setting, Study Skills, Test-Taking Strategies, Organization/Time Management, Non-Violent Conflict Resolution, Respect/Responsibility, Decision-Making, New School Transitions, Self-Esteem Issues, Grief/Bereavement, Stress Management, Anger Management, and College/Career Awareness, Exploration and Planning. I also work with adults of all ages and life stages on a range of issues, including anxiety and depression, eating disorders and PTSD.
Happy Hello! I counsel children and adolescents, from ages 6-18, on academic and behavioral matters including, but not limited to, the following: Goal-Setting, Study Skills, Test-Taking Strategies, Organization/Time Management, Non-Violent Conflict Resolution, Respect/Responsibility, Decision-Making, New School Transitions, Self-Esteem Issues, Grief/Bereavement, Stress Management, Anger Management, and College/Career Awareness, Exploration and Planning. I also work with adults of all ages and life stages on a range of issues, including anxiety and depression, eating disorders and PTSD.
(901) 617-3139 View (901) 617-3139
Photo of Tessa Sands, LPC-T, Pre-Licensed Professional
Tessa Sands
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC-T
Verified Verified
Clarksville, TN 37043
Hello! I’m so glad that you are here. Everyone has a story and yours matters to me. I have a passion to support my clients as they write the next chapters in their personal journey. My desire as a counselor is to create a safe and warm therapeutic environment that builds on the client’s strengths and resilience. I typically draw from Family Systems Therapy, Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Narrative Therapy, and Solution-Focused Therapy, depending on the individual and situation. My hope is that, as we work together, you will find deeper understanding of your story and much hope for your next chapter.
Hello! I’m so glad that you are here. Everyone has a story and yours matters to me. I have a passion to support my clients as they write the next chapters in their personal journey. My desire as a counselor is to create a safe and warm therapeutic environment that builds on the client’s strengths and resilience. I typically draw from Family Systems Therapy, Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Narrative Therapy, and Solution-Focused Therapy, depending on the individual and situation. My hope is that, as we work together, you will find deeper understanding of your story and much hope for your next chapter.
(629) 265-1882 View (629) 265-1882
Photo of Emily Rhoads, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Emily Rhoads
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clarksville, TN 37043
Do you have questions swirling in your head about where you are and where you want to be? Do you feel like you don't have any idea where to start or what steps to take to reach the life you want for yourself? These are common concerns at any stage of life and exploring these questions is one of the many benefits of seeing a counselor. As your counselor, my job is to walk with you through the ebbs and flows of daily life as you work towards your goals. It is not my job to push you to change who you are. You are the expert in your own life and counseling is a journey we take together.
Do you have questions swirling in your head about where you are and where you want to be? Do you feel like you don't have any idea where to start or what steps to take to reach the life you want for yourself? These are common concerns at any stage of life and exploring these questions is one of the many benefits of seeing a counselor. As your counselor, my job is to walk with you through the ebbs and flows of daily life as you work towards your goals. It is not my job to push you to change who you are. You are the expert in your own life and counseling is a journey we take together.
(931) 218-7714 View (931) 218-7714
Photo of Jennifer R Castner - Connect Counseling Center, LLC - Clarksville, TN, PhD, LPC, MHSP-S, RPT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Connect Counseling Center, LLC - Clarksville, TN
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, MHSP-S, RPT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Clarksville, TN 37040
Providing counseling for children, adolescents, adults, couples and families. Connect has over 50 therapists including clinical interns, LCSW, LMSW, LPC, LPC-MHSP, MMFT, LMFT, and PhD's. Our staff and specializations are diverse and we're confident we have a wonderful fit for your mental health needs. We look forward to serving you!
Providing counseling for children, adolescents, adults, couples and families. Connect has over 50 therapists including clinical interns, LCSW, LMSW, LPC, LPC-MHSP, MMFT, LMFT, and PhD's. Our staff and specializations are diverse and we're confident we have a wonderful fit for your mental health needs. We look forward to serving you!
(615) 751-8239 View (615) 751-8239
Photo of Katherine L Pennington - Lionheart Trauma Support Services, LLC , LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lionheart Trauma Support Services, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Clarksville, TN 37043
Lionheart provides an environment that is non-judgmental, inviting, and laid back. We are human with human emotions and experiences. We believe in being relatable, normalizing, and validating experiences, feelings, and situations. We understand the demands of life and recognize seeking help is hard at times and requires you to place trust in someone with your hurts, pains, and secrets. Lionheart wants you to know that our role is to make you feel safe and comfortable in a non-judgmental environment. My team is dedicated to being of services to you.
Lionheart provides an environment that is non-judgmental, inviting, and laid back. We are human with human emotions and experiences. We believe in being relatable, normalizing, and validating experiences, feelings, and situations. We understand the demands of life and recognize seeking help is hard at times and requires you to place trust in someone with your hurts, pains, and secrets. Lionheart wants you to know that our role is to make you feel safe and comfortable in a non-judgmental environment. My team is dedicated to being of services to you.
(931) 236-2236 View (931) 236-2236
Photo of Louise Smith - Minds Matter, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Minds Matter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Clarksville, TN 37043
Goodness of fit matters for more than just scheduling. All of our providers have specialties, so no matter the reason for seeking services we have some one for you.
Goodness of fit matters for more than just scheduling. All of our providers have specialties, so no matter the reason for seeking services we have some one for you.
(931) 263-1917 View (931) 263-1917
Photo of Nancy Spitzer, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Nancy Spitzer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of Florida, Utah, Texas, Kentucky, South Dakota, Tennessee, Louisiana, North Carolina, Virginia and Ohio. I specialize in working with clients who are diagnosed with substance abuse issues, trauma/PTSD, depression, anxiety, Borderline Personality Disorder, personality disorders and gender issues. I also have extensive knowledge working with couples and have received Gottman Method Couples Training (Level 1).
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of Florida, Utah, Texas, Kentucky, South Dakota, Tennessee, Louisiana, North Carolina, Virginia and Ohio. I specialize in working with clients who are diagnosed with substance abuse issues, trauma/PTSD, depression, anxiety, Borderline Personality Disorder, personality disorders and gender issues. I also have extensive knowledge working with couples and have received Gottman Method Couples Training (Level 1).
(615) 551-4193 View (615) 551-4193
Photo of Sydney Marsh, BS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Sydney Marsh
Pre-Licensed Professional, BS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clarksville, TN 37040
My ideal client is someone ready to take the first steps toward improving their mental health, even if they feel uncertain or overwhelmed. They may be a child struggling with school pressures, an adolescent navigating identity, or an adult balancing relationships, work, or stress, but what they all share is a desire for growth and understanding. As a counseling graduate student at Austin Peay State University, I hope to use my knowledge and skills to effectively support individuals from diverse backgrounds and life experiences.
My ideal client is someone ready to take the first steps toward improving their mental health, even if they feel uncertain or overwhelmed. They may be a child struggling with school pressures, an adolescent navigating identity, or an adult balancing relationships, work, or stress, but what they all share is a desire for growth and understanding. As a counseling graduate student at Austin Peay State University, I hope to use my knowledge and skills to effectively support individuals from diverse backgrounds and life experiences.
(931) 904-8670 View (931) 904-8670
Photo of Brooke Weesner, Pre-Licensed Professional
Brooke Weesner
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clarksville, TN 37043
Hello! My name is Brooke Weesner and I am currently accepting clients! I strive to create a welcoming, judgment-free, safe space for all my clients. I am excited to work with any population on their mental health journey. Just to name a few, I work with clients who struggle with anxiety, depression, self-esteem, emotion regulation, behavior issues, life transitions, and stress. I utilize play therapy, client-centered, cognitive behavioral (CBT), strength-based, and solution-focused approaches to best serve my clients.
Hello! My name is Brooke Weesner and I am currently accepting clients! I strive to create a welcoming, judgment-free, safe space for all my clients. I am excited to work with any population on their mental health journey. Just to name a few, I work with clients who struggle with anxiety, depression, self-esteem, emotion regulation, behavior issues, life transitions, and stress. I utilize play therapy, client-centered, cognitive behavioral (CBT), strength-based, and solution-focused approaches to best serve my clients.
(931) 340-5438 View (931) 340-5438
Photo of Lauren Cobb, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lauren Cobb
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Clarksville, TN 37043
Waitlist for new clients
Are you ready for change? Are you tired of the ways things are going? Let's work together to create a plan, an action plan, of how we can get you to where you want to be. I work with children, teens, and adults who are dealing with anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobias, trauma, parenting, behavioral issues, emotion regulation, grief, life transitions, anger, children in divorce / custody situations, and stress. I am a great fit for someone who is seeking a supportive, engaging, empowering, confidential, goal focused, and healing space.
Are you ready for change? Are you tired of the ways things are going? Let's work together to create a plan, an action plan, of how we can get you to where you want to be. I work with children, teens, and adults who are dealing with anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobias, trauma, parenting, behavioral issues, emotion regulation, grief, life transitions, anger, children in divorce / custody situations, and stress. I am a great fit for someone who is seeking a supportive, engaging, empowering, confidential, goal focused, and healing space.
(931) 546-1049 View (931) 546-1049
Photo of April L Davis, MMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
April L Davis
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MMFT
Verified Verified
Clarksville, TN 37043
Are you feeling stuck? Are you struggling with feeling anxious, alone, or finding it hard to feel joy? Do you and your partner struggle with positive communication and solving issues effectively? You’re not alone, and it can feel difficult to see a different life than where you are right now. Therapy can help. In sessions, I work with you to learn new coping skills and help you to find the tools that you need to improve your daily life. Together, we can take a journey to the life that you want to see.
Are you feeling stuck? Are you struggling with feeling anxious, alone, or finding it hard to feel joy? Do you and your partner struggle with positive communication and solving issues effectively? You’re not alone, and it can feel difficult to see a different life than where you are right now. Therapy can help. In sessions, I work with you to learn new coping skills and help you to find the tools that you need to improve your daily life. Together, we can take a journey to the life that you want to see.
(931) 914-0838 View (931) 914-0838
Photo of Shantae Harris, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Shantae Harris
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I’m a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have been providing therapy to individuals, couples and families for over 7 years now. I welcome you to join her in reflecting on your past to lead to your healing. I want to help you find healing by using Solution Focused Therapy, as well as a collaboration of other systemic therapeutic models. This will allow you to focus on the solution and not the problem. I’m here to assist you in reaching your fullest potential in life.
I’m a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have been providing therapy to individuals, couples and families for over 7 years now. I welcome you to join her in reflecting on your past to lead to your healing. I want to help you find healing by using Solution Focused Therapy, as well as a collaboration of other systemic therapeutic models. This will allow you to focus on the solution and not the problem. I’m here to assist you in reaching your fullest potential in life.
(931) 416-0339 View (931) 416-0339
Photo of Chandra Moma, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Chandra Moma
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Online Only
ONLINE THERAPY FOR WOMEN: It is not easy to ask for help. For so long you've shown the world a brave face. Many have no idea how you're struggling. Let me tell you that HOPE is real. Whether you are going through life transitions due to the military lifestyle, struggling as a mom, relationship distress, anxiety or balancing life as a woman, reaching out for help and support can be intimidating and anxiety provoking. But looking for the right therapist shouldn't cause you more anxiety.
ONLINE THERAPY FOR WOMEN: It is not easy to ask for help. For so long you've shown the world a brave face. Many have no idea how you're struggling. Let me tell you that HOPE is real. Whether you are going through life transitions due to the military lifestyle, struggling as a mom, relationship distress, anxiety or balancing life as a woman, reaching out for help and support can be intimidating and anxiety provoking. But looking for the right therapist shouldn't cause you more anxiety.
(931) 236-2608 View (931) 236-2608
Photo of Tiffany Lopez, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tiffany Lopez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
It may feel impossible to overcome challenges that leave us feeling broken, scared, uncertain or confused. If this feels true to you, having someone to assist in finding a sense of wholeness, joy, and peace might just be what you need. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, licensed to practice in several states. I have experience working in a variety of mental health settings and have found peace as an outpatient therapist. In our work together, you can expect to be met with an alliance that promotes emotional safety, empathy, and compassion.
It may feel impossible to overcome challenges that leave us feeling broken, scared, uncertain or confused. If this feels true to you, having someone to assist in finding a sense of wholeness, joy, and peace might just be what you need. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, licensed to practice in several states. I have experience working in a variety of mental health settings and have found peace as an outpatient therapist. In our work together, you can expect to be met with an alliance that promotes emotional safety, empathy, and compassion.
(931) 910-2638 View (931) 910-2638
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See more therapy options for Montgomery County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Montgomery County, TN

200+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Montgomery County, TN who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
84% Depression
73% Coping Skills
71% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
69% Relationship Issues
68% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Aetna
79% Cigna and Evernorth
66% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Montgomery County, TN see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

89% Female
10% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Montgomery County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.