Therapists in Buckingham Farms, Memphis, TN

Photo of Erica Dawkins - Esteem Counseling and Wellness Center, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Esteem Counseling and Wellness Center, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Buckingham Farms, Memphis, TN 38125
Do you consider yourself a high achiever or go-getter, but recently find yourself feeling stuck in a rut or unable to keep up with life’s pace lately? Are there times when you know you should stand up for yourself, but worry more often how it will affect other people? Well, you are not alone. Adjustments can be hard, and they can draw attention to underlying anxiety, depression and even trauma.
Do you consider yourself a high achiever or go-getter, but recently find yourself feeling stuck in a rut or unable to keep up with life’s pace lately? Are there times when you know you should stand up for yourself, but worry more often how it will affect other people? Well, you are not alone. Adjustments can be hard, and they can draw attention to underlying anxiety, depression and even trauma.
View
Photo of Madi Wilhelmy, MSW
Madi Wilhelmy
Verified Verified
Buckingham Farms, Memphis, TN 38125
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or weighed down by depression, anxiety, addiction, or grief? Do mood changes, lack of motivation, or painful life experiences keep you from living the life you want? I help clients navigate issues such as depressive and mood disorders, anxiety disorders, trauma, addictions, grief and prolonged grieving, chronic pain and illness, relationship struggles, body image struggles, lack of motivation, adjustment issues, and other challenges that may be interfering with your well-being.
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or weighed down by depression, anxiety, addiction, or grief? Do mood changes, lack of motivation, or painful life experiences keep you from living the life you want? I help clients navigate issues such as depressive and mood disorders, anxiety disorders, trauma, addictions, grief and prolonged grieving, chronic pain and illness, relationship struggles, body image struggles, lack of motivation, adjustment issues, and other challenges that may be interfering with your well-being.
(901) 582-6500 View (901) 582-6500
Photo of Scherri Henderson - Recovery Associates Group, At Southwind, Licensed Professional Counselor, DBH, LPC, MHSP, EMDR-C, ADS
Recovery Associates Group, At Southwind
Licensed Professional Counselor, DBH, LPC, MHSP, EMDR-C, ADS
3 Endorsed
Buckingham Farms, Memphis, TN 38125
Recovery Associates Group, At Southwind is a premier Behavioral Health facility. Our multidisciplinary team of providers are clinically astute and extremely skilled in a myriad of treatment modalities. In addition to Individual and Family Therapy, we offer Partial Hospitalization (PHP) and Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP) for adolescents and adults. We also provide medication management, Genetic testing, RAG Insurance Plan, Neurofeedback, Art/ Music Therapy, Trauma yoga, Reiki, and Acudetox. Dr.Scherri Culp is a licensed Psychotherapist who specializes in trauma, addiction and family systems work. IFS and EMDR trained & certified.
Recovery Associates Group, At Southwind is a premier Behavioral Health facility. Our multidisciplinary team of providers are clinically astute and extremely skilled in a myriad of treatment modalities. In addition to Individual and Family Therapy, we offer Partial Hospitalization (PHP) and Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP) for adolescents and adults. We also provide medication management, Genetic testing, RAG Insurance Plan, Neurofeedback, Art/ Music Therapy, Trauma yoga, Reiki, and Acudetox. Dr.Scherri Culp is a licensed Psychotherapist who specializes in trauma, addiction and family systems work. IFS and EMDR trained & certified.
(901) 554-4045 View (901) 554-4045
Photo of Ranise M. Jacobs - Ranise M. Jacobs, AMFT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ranise M. Jacobs, AMFT
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Buckingham Farms, Memphis, TN 38125
I am dedicated to promoting holistic well-being, including helping women process and cope with mental and emotional health challenges, express emotions, and encourage healing. Promoting holistic well-being combines physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual growth through Personal Development and Creative Arts Workshops.
I am dedicated to promoting holistic well-being, including helping women process and cope with mental and emotional health challenges, express emotions, and encourage healing. Promoting holistic well-being combines physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual growth through Personal Development and Creative Arts Workshops.
(901) 657-1936 View (901) 657-1936
Photo of Venisha Freeman, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Venisha Freeman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
1 Endorsed
Buckingham Farms, Memphis, TN 38115
Have stressful life events left you feeling tired, anxious, or overwhelmed? Have you tried to make changes, but nothing seems to work? Is your child having struggles related to their identity, managing heavy emotions, or expressing their needs? If so, I am here to help.
Have stressful life events left you feeling tired, anxious, or overwhelmed? Have you tried to make changes, but nothing seems to work? Is your child having struggles related to their identity, managing heavy emotions, or expressing their needs? If so, I am here to help.
(901) 676-8558 View (901) 676-8558
Photo of Dr. Dean Leav - Psychological Testing & Evaluations - Dr. Dean, Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Psychological Testing & Evaluations - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Buckingham Farms, Memphis, TN 38125
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, legal / forensic evaluations for court, risk assessment (violence / sexual), cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic psychological evaluations, immigration evaluations, adoption evaluations, parenting / bonding assessments, drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness for duty evaluations, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, legal / forensic evaluations for court, risk assessment (violence / sexual), cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic psychological evaluations, immigration evaluations, adoption evaluations, parenting / bonding assessments, drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness for duty evaluations, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
(865) 674-4152 View (865) 674-4152
Photo of Kelli Holloway, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSSW
Kelli Holloway
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSSW
Online Only
I view healing as a mind body process. Many symptoms—such as anxiety, emotional overwhelm, or feeling “stuck”—are rooted in how the nervous system responds to stress and trauma. In therapy, we focus on building emotional regulation, increasing body awareness, and gently restoring a sense of safety and balance. I believe clients are the experts in their own lives, and my role is to offer attuned support, collaboration, and tools that foster insight, resilience, and meaningful change.
I view healing as a mind body process. Many symptoms—such as anxiety, emotional overwhelm, or feeling “stuck”—are rooted in how the nervous system responds to stress and trauma. In therapy, we focus on building emotional regulation, increasing body awareness, and gently restoring a sense of safety and balance. I believe clients are the experts in their own lives, and my role is to offer attuned support, collaboration, and tools that foster insight, resilience, and meaningful change.
(901) 660-8898 View (901) 660-8898
Photo of Malaya Walker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Malaya Walker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you feel stuck in your life? Do you hide your true feelings while you suffer in silence? You are not alone in these feelings. Healing and growth is possible. My passion is helping individuals across the lifespan, including adolescents, adults, and families, through reflective collaboration and therapy. Many of my clients feel that they are stuck and powerless against their circumstances. My mission is to guide you on a new path to mental and emotional wellness in which you can experience life like never before.
Do you feel stuck in your life? Do you hide your true feelings while you suffer in silence? You are not alone in these feelings. Healing and growth is possible. My passion is helping individuals across the lifespan, including adolescents, adults, and families, through reflective collaboration and therapy. Many of my clients feel that they are stuck and powerless against their circumstances. My mission is to guide you on a new path to mental and emotional wellness in which you can experience life like never before.
(901) 479-0195 View (901) 479-0195
Photo of Emily Anderson - Emily Anderson, LAPSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LAPSW
Emily Anderson, LAPSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LAPSW
Online Only
You are not defined by anxiety, depression, grief, or relationship challenges, even when they feel overwhelming. I provide telehealth therapy to adults and couples across Tennessee, creating a space where you can pause, feel supported, and gain a clearer understanding of what you’re experiencing. Together, we focus on building insight, emotional balance, and a stronger sense of direction so you can move forward with greater confidence and intention.
You are not defined by anxiety, depression, grief, or relationship challenges, even when they feel overwhelming. I provide telehealth therapy to adults and couples across Tennessee, creating a space where you can pause, feel supported, and gain a clearer understanding of what you’re experiencing. Together, we focus on building insight, emotional balance, and a stronger sense of direction so you can move forward with greater confidence and intention.
(615) 827-3855 View (615) 827-3855
Photo of A'nna Streeter, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MA, MFT-I
A'nna Streeter
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MA, MFT-I
1 Endorsed
Online Only
From personal experience, in addition to educational and professional experience, I understand the importance of providing a safe space for clients. It is sometimes hard to find people you can trust with your feelings or thoughts. Perhaps you feel judged or misunderstood. Maybe you have been desperately needing someone to talk to that is open-minded and eager to listen to understand you. Are you involved in an unhealthy relationship? Do you feel ashamed or indifferent about your experience? I am passionate about providing emotional support and shelter you may need, while we work together with concerns you may have.
From personal experience, in addition to educational and professional experience, I understand the importance of providing a safe space for clients. It is sometimes hard to find people you can trust with your feelings or thoughts. Perhaps you feel judged or misunderstood. Maybe you have been desperately needing someone to talk to that is open-minded and eager to listen to understand you. Are you involved in an unhealthy relationship? Do you feel ashamed or indifferent about your experience? I am passionate about providing emotional support and shelter you may need, while we work together with concerns you may have.
(901) 676-7325 View (901) 676-7325
Photo of Elizabeth Drain, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC/MHS
Elizabeth Drain
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC/MHS
Online Only
Hi, I'm Liz. Do you have trouble calming your mind and stopping your rushing thoughts? Do you have trouble focusing and juggling work and personal obligations? Do you see how a lack of self-love and confidence makes life harder to handle? Do you often feel weight down by feelings of anxiety or depression? Are you struggling to overcome communication challenges in your relationship? Can you imagine what life would be like if you were more confident and happier? Life can feel a lot different when “Thinking leads to feeling if we think differently, then we feel differently”.
Hi, I'm Liz. Do you have trouble calming your mind and stopping your rushing thoughts? Do you have trouble focusing and juggling work and personal obligations? Do you see how a lack of self-love and confidence makes life harder to handle? Do you often feel weight down by feelings of anxiety or depression? Are you struggling to overcome communication challenges in your relationship? Can you imagine what life would be like if you were more confident and happier? Life can feel a lot different when “Thinking leads to feeling if we think differently, then we feel differently”.
(901) 669-7218 View (901) 669-7218

Online Therapists

Photo of Kristina S Curtiss, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Kristina S Curtiss
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38119
As a therapist, I strive to create an environment that affirms who you are as a person. Therapy involves some of our most vulnerable experiences and my practice centers on being supportive so you feel secure while exploring ways to improve your daily life. So much of a positive human experience involves being heard and validated by others, especially in our own homes. I will work with you and your loved ones to learn healthy communication skills to improve your relationships, increase acceptance and understanding in the home, and learn to manage conflict in a healthy manner.
As a therapist, I strive to create an environment that affirms who you are as a person. Therapy involves some of our most vulnerable experiences and my practice centers on being supportive so you feel secure while exploring ways to improve your daily life. So much of a positive human experience involves being heard and validated by others, especially in our own homes. I will work with you and your loved ones to learn healthy communication skills to improve your relationships, increase acceptance and understanding in the home, and learn to manage conflict in a healthy manner.
(901) 582-6596 View (901) 582-6596
Photo of Molly Okeon, Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Molly Okeon
Counselor, LPC, MHSP
6 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38119
I am a deeply compassionate and empathetic counselor who is motivated to assist you in moving your life in a positive direction. I inspire my clients to achieve their fullest potential.
I am a deeply compassionate and empathetic counselor who is motivated to assist you in moving your life in a positive direction. I inspire my clients to achieve their fullest potential.
(901) 660-9688 View (901) 660-9688
Photo of James R Coffman, Licensed Professional Counselor, ThM, DMin, LMFT, LPC, (MHSP)
James R Coffman
Licensed Professional Counselor, ThM, DMin, LMFT, LPC, (MHSP)
Memphis, TN 38111
I am a Licensed Clinical Pastoral Therapist who is also licensed as a Professional Counselor (Mental Health Service Provider) and as a Marital and Family Therapist. I have worked with diverse populations of individuals, couples and families for 30 years--as an executive director and therapist in medical settings, in two pastoral counseling centers, and now in an independent practice. With families I am committed to helping them address the challenges of staying connected and in communication.. With individuals I seek to understand barriers to healthy intentions, the failures one feels, and I become an active ally to change one's unhappy direction..
I am a Licensed Clinical Pastoral Therapist who is also licensed as a Professional Counselor (Mental Health Service Provider) and as a Marital and Family Therapist. I have worked with diverse populations of individuals, couples and families for 30 years--as an executive director and therapist in medical settings, in two pastoral counseling centers, and now in an independent practice. With families I am committed to helping them address the challenges of staying connected and in communication.. With individuals I seek to understand barriers to healthy intentions, the failures one feels, and I become an active ally to change one's unhappy direction..
(731) 612-8544 View (731) 612-8544
Photo of Tiandra Arnold, Pre-Licensed Professional
Tiandra Arnold
Pre-Licensed Professional
Memphis, TN 38132
Welcome. I’m glad you’re here. I specialize in supporting young adults who feel overwhelmed, anxious, and unsure of who they’re “supposed” to be in a world full of expectations. If you're struggling with self-doubt, low self-esteem, or just trying to figure things out, you don’t have to do it alone. I became a therapist because I know firsthand how often we’re taught to bottle things up—to be strong, quiet, and push through. But the truth is, holding it all in can weigh us down. I believe that talking about it—really talking—is powerful. It’s not a sign of weakness but a step toward clarity, healing, and empowerment.
Welcome. I’m glad you’re here. I specialize in supporting young adults who feel overwhelmed, anxious, and unsure of who they’re “supposed” to be in a world full of expectations. If you're struggling with self-doubt, low self-esteem, or just trying to figure things out, you don’t have to do it alone. I became a therapist because I know firsthand how often we’re taught to bottle things up—to be strong, quiet, and push through. But the truth is, holding it all in can weigh us down. I believe that talking about it—really talking—is powerful. It’s not a sign of weakness but a step toward clarity, healing, and empowerment.
(901) 660-2392 View (901) 660-2392
Photo of Jakatae Jessup, MA, SPE/HSP
Jakatae Jessup
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38117
Annie Dillard wrote "How we spend our days is of course, how we spend our lives." As you begin or resume therapy we can explore the satisfying aspects of your life and determine where you want to make shifts or radical changes toward health and ease of being. My approach to therapy is rooted in the therapeutic relationship we will develop to explore compassionate, practical solutions to the unique challenges you face. Trust, empathy, hope, mindfulness, and humor are the foundations of my approach to living and healing.
Annie Dillard wrote "How we spend our days is of course, how we spend our lives." As you begin or resume therapy we can explore the satisfying aspects of your life and determine where you want to make shifts or radical changes toward health and ease of being. My approach to therapy is rooted in the therapeutic relationship we will develop to explore compassionate, practical solutions to the unique challenges you face. Trust, empathy, hope, mindfulness, and humor are the foundations of my approach to living and healing.
(901) 675-4200 View (901) 675-4200
Photo of Alyce Waller Haynes, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Alyce Waller Haynes
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP, NCC
3 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38119
People are inherently resilient but often feel blocked and discouraged from healing. Discerning how we can be our best selves requires the support of another person who will listen and support us on the journey to discovering our authentic selves. As a result of my own journey, I have learned the keys to healing-willingness, rigorous honesty with self and others, grace, compassion, and unconditional positive regard-are fundamental in the desired transformation. Regardless of the issues, your story matters and there is hope for healing.
People are inherently resilient but often feel blocked and discouraged from healing. Discerning how we can be our best selves requires the support of another person who will listen and support us on the journey to discovering our authentic selves. As a result of my own journey, I have learned the keys to healing-willingness, rigorous honesty with self and others, grace, compassion, and unconditional positive regard-are fundamental in the desired transformation. Regardless of the issues, your story matters and there is hope for healing.
(901) 329-3775 View (901) 329-3775
Photo of Heather Thomasson - Sunflower Counseling Services, PLLC, LPC, MHSP, LCSW
Sunflower Counseling Services, PLLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38119
Perhaps you're down or anxious - maybe you're unsure about the future of a relationship, or just feel that you aren't living the life you were meant to lead. Whatever your needs may be, we are here to offer support. Therapy is a process of growth and self-discovery, and in sessions our therapists promote behavioral transformation by encouraging a positive outlook and the adoption of new attitudes and reactions. Our therapists have the tools and professional experience to help you get back on track.
Perhaps you're down or anxious - maybe you're unsure about the future of a relationship, or just feel that you aren't living the life you were meant to lead. Whatever your needs may be, we are here to offer support. Therapy is a process of growth and self-discovery, and in sessions our therapists promote behavioral transformation by encouraging a positive outlook and the adoption of new attitudes and reactions. Our therapists have the tools and professional experience to help you get back on track.
(901) 763-6082 View (901) 763-6082
Photo of Bianca Powell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Bianca Powell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38117
Are you struggling to cope with the stressors of daily life? Having some difficulty adjusting to a recent life change? Experiencing anxiety, depression, or some thoughts and feelings that are distressing? In life we all experience seasons that can be overwhelming. Therapy helps to provide us with healthy tools to adjust to the things life might throw our way. My name is Bianca Powell and I am a clinical therapist with a master's degree in social work. As your therapist I will work with you to learn healthy coping skills while identifying and building on your personal strengths.
Are you struggling to cope with the stressors of daily life? Having some difficulty adjusting to a recent life change? Experiencing anxiety, depression, or some thoughts and feelings that are distressing? In life we all experience seasons that can be overwhelming. Therapy helps to provide us with healthy tools to adjust to the things life might throw our way. My name is Bianca Powell and I am a clinical therapist with a master's degree in social work. As your therapist I will work with you to learn healthy coping skills while identifying and building on your personal strengths.
(901) 350-6752 View (901) 350-6752
Photo of Susan Bell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Susan Bell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38104
I’m Susan Bell, a licensed clinical social worker with over 30 years of experience. Throughout my career, I’ve been dedicated to creating a safe, supportive environment where clients feel heard, understood, and empowered. Thank you for considering me as your therapist. I am honored to walk alongside individuals who are ready to make meaningful changes and explore new possibilities for growth.
I’m Susan Bell, a licensed clinical social worker with over 30 years of experience. Throughout my career, I’ve been dedicated to creating a safe, supportive environment where clients feel heard, understood, and empowered. Thank you for considering me as your therapist. I am honored to walk alongside individuals who are ready to make meaningful changes and explore new possibilities for growth.
(901) 665-5021 View (901) 665-5021

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Buckingham Farms, Memphis, TN

10+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Buckingham Farms, Memphis, TN who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
82% Depression
82% Self Esteem
73% Relationship Issues
73% Trauma and PTSD
73% Marriage Counseling
64% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Aetna
86% Cigna and Evernorth
71% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Buckingham Farms, Memphis, TN see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Buckingham Farms?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.