Therapists in Memphis, TN

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Photo of Sarah Lebovitz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sarah Lebovitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38112
I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 40 years of experience. I specialize in treating anxiety, depression and Post-traumatic stress disorder using different approaches, including cognitive behavioral, psychodynamic, family systems and EMDR. I have a special interest in working with clients with body image and disordered eating issues. I am specially trained in play therapy and work with children as young as 4 years old. I have 30+ years of experience in working with clients who have traumatic life experiences, including sexual assault and other types of violence.
I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 40 years of experience. I specialize in treating anxiety, depression and Post-traumatic stress disorder using different approaches, including cognitive behavioral, psychodynamic, family systems and EMDR. I have a special interest in working with clients with body image and disordered eating issues. I am specially trained in play therapy and work with children as young as 4 years old. I have 30+ years of experience in working with clients who have traumatic life experiences, including sexual assault and other types of violence.
(901) 300-4142 View (901) 300-4142
Photo of Dr. Leigh Pitre, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPCMHSP, NCC, CH
Dr. Leigh Pitre
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPCMHSP, NCC, CH
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38119
You may feel stuck in painful relationship patterns or overwhelmed by emotions that are difficult to understand. Many couples come to therapy because they care deeply about one another but feel caught in cycles of conflict, disconnection, or emotional distance. Others seek support for trauma, PTSD, attachment wounds, betrayal, or past experiences that continue to affect their sense of safety, trust, and connection in relationships. You may be hoping to better understand your emotional responses, improve communication, heal from painful experiences, and create stronger, more secure relationships moving forward.
You may feel stuck in painful relationship patterns or overwhelmed by emotions that are difficult to understand. Many couples come to therapy because they care deeply about one another but feel caught in cycles of conflict, disconnection, or emotional distance. Others seek support for trauma, PTSD, attachment wounds, betrayal, or past experiences that continue to affect their sense of safety, trust, and connection in relationships. You may be hoping to better understand your emotional responses, improve communication, heal from painful experiences, and create stronger, more secure relationships moving forward.
(901) 617-4260 View (901) 617-4260
Photo of Liz Turnbull, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Liz Turnbull
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38117
Life is can be difficult at times. I believe that the way we think, feel, and act impacts our ability to view any situation clearly. The way we talk about ourselves, to ourselves, and to others also plays a role in navigating life's many challenges. I hope to come alongside you to support, encourage, and advocate for you by standing in the gap and be a constant in your storm.
Life is can be difficult at times. I believe that the way we think, feel, and act impacts our ability to view any situation clearly. The way we talk about ourselves, to ourselves, and to others also plays a role in navigating life's many challenges. I hope to come alongside you to support, encourage, and advocate for you by standing in the gap and be a constant in your storm.
(901) 554-4032 View (901) 554-4032
Lance Faegenburg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have 7 and a half years experience. I graduated with my Master's Degree in Social at at the University of Kansas in 2017. Since graduation I have worked in corrections with incarcerated youth and have worked inpatient acute care with at risk youth. I also have experience working with juveniles diagnosed with autism. Throughout my practice my primary focus has been on trauma, depression/anxiety, and anger.
Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have 7 and a half years experience. I graduated with my Master's Degree in Social at at the University of Kansas in 2017. Since graduation I have worked in corrections with incarcerated youth and have worked inpatient acute care with at risk youth. I also have experience working with juveniles diagnosed with autism. Throughout my practice my primary focus has been on trauma, depression/anxiety, and anger.
(901) 599-2176 View (901) 599-2176
Photo of Haley Alsaffar, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, NCC, ACS
Haley Alsaffar
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, NCC, ACS
Online Only
It has been shown time and again the relationship between client and counselor is the most important part of a therapy experience. It is always on my mind to ensure that our relationship remains entirely focused on you, but as a part of the collaborative duo that will become client and therapist I’m happy to share a bit about myself. Relationally, I have been described as down-to-earth, authentic and sincere and I enjoy laughing and celebrating with clients in the therapy space as well. With humility and curiosity I am eager to hear about your life experiences. Licensed in Tennessee, Maryland & Virginia.
It has been shown time and again the relationship between client and counselor is the most important part of a therapy experience. It is always on my mind to ensure that our relationship remains entirely focused on you, but as a part of the collaborative duo that will become client and therapist I’m happy to share a bit about myself. Relationally, I have been described as down-to-earth, authentic and sincere and I enjoy laughing and celebrating with clients in the therapy space as well. With humility and curiosity I am eager to hear about your life experiences. Licensed in Tennessee, Maryland & Virginia.
(901) 245-5969 View (901) 245-5969
Photo of Brittany Wood, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Brittany Wood
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Online Only
l strive to provide a compassionate and safe space for individuals to explore their experiences and work towards healing, and I am dedicated to the well-being of my clients. Drawing upon evidence-based therapeutic approaches, I tailor my counseling sessions to meet the unique needs of each client. I believe in the power of a collaborative therapeutic relationship, where individuals feel empowered and supported as they navigate their healing process. I am trained in a variety of therapeutic approaches, including EMDR, TF-CBT, DBT, IFS, IFT, Motivational Interviewing, and Person-Centered Therapy.
l strive to provide a compassionate and safe space for individuals to explore their experiences and work towards healing, and I am dedicated to the well-being of my clients. Drawing upon evidence-based therapeutic approaches, I tailor my counseling sessions to meet the unique needs of each client. I believe in the power of a collaborative therapeutic relationship, where individuals feel empowered and supported as they navigate their healing process. I am trained in a variety of therapeutic approaches, including EMDR, TF-CBT, DBT, IFS, IFT, Motivational Interviewing, and Person-Centered Therapy.
(731) 237-0889 View (731) 237-0889
Photo of Creshaunda Lynn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Creshaunda Lynn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Welcome to your healing journey. Starting therapy can be a big step, and if you've made it this far, you are doing an amazing job. You have recognized that you need assistance navigating this thing called life. Let me help you make this journey a little clearer by helping you to understand yourself better. I have experience working with adults who are struggling with depression, opioid addiction, anxiety, psychosis, substance abuse, perinatal mental health, self-esteem, self-care, gender dysmorphia, ADHD, and a host of other conditions.
Welcome to your healing journey. Starting therapy can be a big step, and if you've made it this far, you are doing an amazing job. You have recognized that you need assistance navigating this thing called life. Let me help you make this journey a little clearer by helping you to understand yourself better. I have experience working with adults who are struggling with depression, opioid addiction, anxiety, psychosis, substance abuse, perinatal mental health, self-esteem, self-care, gender dysmorphia, ADHD, and a host of other conditions.
(629) 228-9578 View (629) 228-9578
Photo of Keith Frederic, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPCMHSP, (temp)
Keith Frederic
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPCMHSP, (temp)
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38119
How long have you been waiting for things to get better? You may have times when you’re overwhelmed, and uncertain that your challenges can be overcome. Choosing professional counseling is a positive step you can take to direct changes in your life, to build confidence, and lead you to relief. I will work with you to clarify your present experience, and help you develop a way forward in your life that is centered on what is most important to you.
How long have you been waiting for things to get better? You may have times when you’re overwhelmed, and uncertain that your challenges can be overcome. Choosing professional counseling is a positive step you can take to direct changes in your life, to build confidence, and lead you to relief. I will work with you to clarify your present experience, and help you develop a way forward in your life that is centered on what is most important to you.
(901) 445-7653 View (901) 445-7653
Photo of Raena Tinnon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Raena Tinnon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Clients who are dealing with depression and anxiety, relationship issues, and transitional periods in life are my area of focus. I am also passionate about working with clients who want to improve their overall health and well-being through nutrition and maintaining healthy lifestyles. I have the ability to provide a comfortable and safe environment for clients to discuss personal issues and provide guidance through skills and life changes that can help improve overall well-being.
Clients who are dealing with depression and anxiety, relationship issues, and transitional periods in life are my area of focus. I am also passionate about working with clients who want to improve their overall health and well-being through nutrition and maintaining healthy lifestyles. I have the ability to provide a comfortable and safe environment for clients to discuss personal issues and provide guidance through skills and life changes that can help improve overall well-being.
(615) 619-4247 View (615) 619-4247
Photo of Jennifer Ferren - Ferren Family Counseling LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, NCC
Ferren Family Counseling LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, NCC
3 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38104
Everyone experiences feelings of anxiety, stress, sadness, and other feelings that are difficult from time to time. When emotional or behavioral problems are disrupting your life, it may be time to reach out for help. At FFC, we offer Individual Therapy, Couples Therapy, Family Therapy, Group Therapy, Telehealth, Consultation, and Community Education as means to help our community "Learn. Heal. Thrive."
Everyone experiences feelings of anxiety, stress, sadness, and other feelings that are difficult from time to time. When emotional or behavioral problems are disrupting your life, it may be time to reach out for help. At FFC, we offer Individual Therapy, Couples Therapy, Family Therapy, Group Therapy, Telehealth, Consultation, and Community Education as means to help our community "Learn. Heal. Thrive."
(901) 410-9194 View (901) 410-9194
Photo of Britney Bryson, Licensed Professional Counselor, MHSP, BC-TMH
Britney Bryson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MHSP, BC-TMH
Online Only
If you’re stuck in cycles of poor sleep, burnout, or constantly “holding it together,” you’re not alone — and you’re not broken. Many of the clients I support are education professionals, college students, or people coming to therapy for the first time — often seeking help with sleep, stress, and feeling constantly “on.” For the past 10 years, I’ve supported adults across Tennessee through virtual therapy, with a special focus on sleep and rest recovery. I help clients who struggle with insomnia, perfectionism, people-pleasing, imposter syndrome, and chronic stress learn how to rest again — both physically and emotionally.
If you’re stuck in cycles of poor sleep, burnout, or constantly “holding it together,” you’re not alone — and you’re not broken. Many of the clients I support are education professionals, college students, or people coming to therapy for the first time — often seeking help with sleep, stress, and feeling constantly “on.” For the past 10 years, I’ve supported adults across Tennessee through virtual therapy, with a special focus on sleep and rest recovery. I help clients who struggle with insomnia, perfectionism, people-pleasing, imposter syndrome, and chronic stress learn how to rest again — both physically and emotionally.
(901) 621-3262 View (901) 621-3262
Photo of Kelsey Fields Caprio, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Kelsey Fields Caprio
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38119
Healing is never easy, but you will never have to do it alone. I have a huge passion for seeing people heal and grow into the person they didn’t feel they could become. I strive to create a safe space for anyone who takes the courageous step to share their story with me, as I know this is not an easy ask from anyone. I always strive to create a judgment free, open, and caring space where you can be yourself and challenge anything in your life. My office is colorful, often full of laughter and sometimes tears (comfort items included), and my genuine personality.
Healing is never easy, but you will never have to do it alone. I have a huge passion for seeing people heal and grow into the person they didn’t feel they could become. I strive to create a safe space for anyone who takes the courageous step to share their story with me, as I know this is not an easy ask from anyone. I always strive to create a judgment free, open, and caring space where you can be yourself and challenge anything in your life. My office is colorful, often full of laughter and sometimes tears (comfort items included), and my genuine personality.
(901) 245-5242 View (901) 245-5242
Photo of Katherine Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LPC, MHSP
Katherine Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LPC, MHSP
Memphis, TN 38117
Hi there! I am a counselor who works with clients ages 13+ and am skilled in treating anxiety, depression, trauma, body image, self-esteem, anger management, and transition issues. I also have specialized training and experience working with older adults with dementia and other cognitive and age-related changes. Additionally, I see teenagers and adults of all ages who identify as LGBTQIA+ and am well-versed in helping clients who are questioning their identities, beginning the coming-out process, and/or transitioning. I am included as a recommended specialist for transgender mental health in the local OUTMemphis Resource Guide.
Hi there! I am a counselor who works with clients ages 13+ and am skilled in treating anxiety, depression, trauma, body image, self-esteem, anger management, and transition issues. I also have specialized training and experience working with older adults with dementia and other cognitive and age-related changes. Additionally, I see teenagers and adults of all ages who identify as LGBTQIA+ and am well-versed in helping clients who are questioning their identities, beginning the coming-out process, and/or transitioning. I am included as a recommended specialist for transgender mental health in the local OUTMemphis Resource Guide.
(901) 668-7624 View (901) 668-7624
Photo of Olivia Warfield, Pre-Licensed Professional, tLPC, MHSP, MS, MA
Olivia Warfield
Pre-Licensed Professional, tLPC, MHSP, MS, MA
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38119
Life can feel heavy when you’re carrying around invisible burdens: unspoken fears, lingering shame, or that constant inner voice telling you you’re not enough. You might be moving through a big change, stuck in the same old patterns, or just feeling lost. I offer a compassionate, psychologically safe environment to explore what’s holding you back and help you build toward a life that feels more aligned, connected, and meaningful. I don’t believe in one-size-fits-all therapy. My approach is collaborative and attuned to your full context - who you are, where you’ve been, and what you're moving toward.
Life can feel heavy when you’re carrying around invisible burdens: unspoken fears, lingering shame, or that constant inner voice telling you you’re not enough. You might be moving through a big change, stuck in the same old patterns, or just feeling lost. I offer a compassionate, psychologically safe environment to explore what’s holding you back and help you build toward a life that feels more aligned, connected, and meaningful. I don’t believe in one-size-fits-all therapy. My approach is collaborative and attuned to your full context - who you are, where you’ve been, and what you're moving toward.
(901) 657-4507 View (901) 657-4507
Photo of Talia H Trigg, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Talia H Trigg
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38133
I strive to provide a nonjudgmental and accepting environment for all clients I serve. I have training and special interest in working with the LGBT population, gender identity concerns, anxiety, trauma, depression, life adjustments, stress management, social and interpersonal skills, and relationship struggles. Relying on evidence based approaches, I use a strengths based approach as the foundation in therapy work.
I strive to provide a nonjudgmental and accepting environment for all clients I serve. I have training and special interest in working with the LGBT population, gender identity concerns, anxiety, trauma, depression, life adjustments, stress management, social and interpersonal skills, and relationship struggles. Relying on evidence based approaches, I use a strengths based approach as the foundation in therapy work.
(901) 479-1315 View (901) 479-1315
Photo of Channelle Reinhardt, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC, MHSP
Channelle Reinhardt
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC, MHSP
Online Only
Do intense emotions leave you feeling overwhelmed? Does the past keep showing up in your thoughts, relationships, or sense of self? Do you feel stuck in old patterns? I believe in providing a safe, supportive space to explore these challenges and work toward meaningful change. Whether you are processing trauma, managing anxiety or depression, navigating relationship difficulties, or seeking growth in recovery; I am here to help you build clarity, resilience, and hope.
Do intense emotions leave you feeling overwhelmed? Does the past keep showing up in your thoughts, relationships, or sense of self? Do you feel stuck in old patterns? I believe in providing a safe, supportive space to explore these challenges and work toward meaningful change. Whether you are processing trauma, managing anxiety or depression, navigating relationship difficulties, or seeking growth in recovery; I am here to help you build clarity, resilience, and hope.
(901) 450-5379 View (901) 450-5379
Photo of Brennan Steele, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC, LPC, MHSP, (temp)
Brennan Steele
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC, LPC, MHSP, (temp)
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38111
The clients I work with often face challenges navigating life’s complexities for various reasons. Some may be experiencing grief due to the loss of a loved one, a major life transition, or unmet expectations. Others struggle to process traumatic experiences, finding it difficult to access their emotions and turning to numbing behaviors instead. Many feel overwhelmed by the pressure to meet both external and internal standards. Whatever the obstacle, we approach it together with compassion, non-judgment, and a focus on finding clarity and healing.
The clients I work with often face challenges navigating life’s complexities for various reasons. Some may be experiencing grief due to the loss of a loved one, a major life transition, or unmet expectations. Others struggle to process traumatic experiences, finding it difficult to access their emotions and turning to numbing behaviors instead. Many feel overwhelmed by the pressure to meet both external and internal standards. Whatever the obstacle, we approach it together with compassion, non-judgment, and a focus on finding clarity and healing.
(901) 458-6291 View (901) 458-6291
Photo of Shara Danziger, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Shara Danziger
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38120
My clients are couples or families who deeply want to feel more connected—but something just isn’t working. They’re stuck in cycles of misunderstanding, distance, and tension. Arguments repeat with no resolution. Emotional needs are going unmet, and they’re unsure how to fix it. I know that life can be complicated, and it does not come with a manual. My goal is to work with clients to face and navigate their life so that they can gain perspective and grow. My love is working with clients so they can move through this world in such a way that they can be strong mentally and in healthy families and relationships
My clients are couples or families who deeply want to feel more connected—but something just isn’t working. They’re stuck in cycles of misunderstanding, distance, and tension. Arguments repeat with no resolution. Emotional needs are going unmet, and they’re unsure how to fix it. I know that life can be complicated, and it does not come with a manual. My goal is to work with clients to face and navigate their life so that they can gain perspective and grow. My love is working with clients so they can move through this world in such a way that they can be strong mentally and in healthy families and relationships
(901) 582-6324 View (901) 582-6324
Photo of Kevin Lucas Ledford, Counselor, MS, NCC, LADAC 2
Kevin Lucas Ledford
Counselor, MS, NCC, LADAC 2
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Hey there! My name is Luke, and I specialize in cognitive behavioral therapy with a person-centered approach, encompassing a focus on individuals struggling with addiction. Holding a master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from the University of Memphis, I am dedicated to supporting clients on their journey toward self-discovery and healing. I strongly believe in understanding each client as a unique individual, which allows me to tailor my therapeutic techniques to meet their specific needs. I would be honored to hold space for your emotions and struggles, and know that reaching out for help is the biggest step of all.
Hey there! My name is Luke, and I specialize in cognitive behavioral therapy with a person-centered approach, encompassing a focus on individuals struggling with addiction. Holding a master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from the University of Memphis, I am dedicated to supporting clients on their journey toward self-discovery and healing. I strongly believe in understanding each client as a unique individual, which allows me to tailor my therapeutic techniques to meet their specific needs. I would be honored to hold space for your emotions and struggles, and know that reaching out for help is the biggest step of all.
(901) 657-2249 View (901) 657-2249
Photo of La'Kamaree M. Pride, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
La'Kamaree M. Pride
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You inwardly possess the necessary tools needed to persevere through life's journey while maintaining a state of contentment. You have what it takes to make it each day, even the most difficult ones. Refuse to believe otherwise. With awareness and perspective, you can unlock those tools to work through and conquer the stumbling blocks of life.
You inwardly possess the necessary tools needed to persevere through life's journey while maintaining a state of contentment. You have what it takes to make it each day, even the most difficult ones. Refuse to believe otherwise. With awareness and perspective, you can unlock those tools to work through and conquer the stumbling blocks of life.
(901) 499-2363 View (901) 499-2363

See more therapy options for Memphis

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Memphis, TN

700+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Memphis, TN who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
85% Depression
69% Relationship Issues
69% Self Esteem
69% Stress
66% Trauma and PTSD
58% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Cigna and Evernorth
81% Aetna
69% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Memphis, TN see their clients

57% In Person and Online
43% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Memphis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.