Therapists in Germantown, TN

Photo of Jill Hampton - Jill Hampton, LPC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jill Hampton, LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Germantown, TN 38138
Waitlist for new clients
Hi! I'm Jill. I received my masters in counseling from the University of Memphis in 2009. I have been practicing since that time. I am experienced with anxiety, depression, trauma work and eating disorders. I am trained in EMDR and very experienced with the treatment of eating disorders, as I have worked at various levels of care. Please note my doodle Maisie is being trained and will join us as an emotional support pup in the office once she is ready. Thus for your safety, NO dog allergies.
Hi! I'm Jill. I received my masters in counseling from the University of Memphis in 2009. I have been practicing since that time. I am experienced with anxiety, depression, trauma work and eating disorders. I am trained in EMDR and very experienced with the treatment of eating disorders, as I have worked at various levels of care. Please note my doodle Maisie is being trained and will join us as an emotional support pup in the office once she is ready. Thus for your safety, NO dog allergies.
(901) 881-4899 View (901) 881-4899
Photo of Alex Pickett, LPC, MHSP, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Alex Pickett
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Germantown, TN 38138
Waitlist for new clients
I believe you have the power within yourself to increase meaning, self-worth, satisfaction, and well-being in your life by fostering change, increasing insight, and shifting perspective. I believe that balancing and maintaining our mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual self can increase a more positive world view and a more fulfilling life journey.
I believe you have the power within yourself to increase meaning, self-worth, satisfaction, and well-being in your life by fostering change, increasing insight, and shifting perspective. I believe that balancing and maintaining our mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual self can increase a more positive world view and a more fulfilling life journey.
(901) 245-5583 View (901) 245-5583
Photo of Christie Payne, LPC, MHSP, CEAP, SAP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Christie Payne
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, CEAP, SAP
Verified Verified
Germantown, TN 38138
As a therapist I help individuals and couples identify areas in their life where changes can be made.The relationships in your life may be dissatisfying or maybe you are going through a difficult situation that is beyond your control. Together, we can work to uncover what is getting in the way of you living life with purpose and satisfaction.
As a therapist I help individuals and couples identify areas in their life where changes can be made.The relationships in your life may be dissatisfying or maybe you are going through a difficult situation that is beyond your control. Together, we can work to uncover what is getting in the way of you living life with purpose and satisfaction.
(901) 290-4058 View (901) 290-4058
Photo of Mary Jo Harmon, Pre-Licensed Professional
Mary Jo Harmon
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Online Only
My practice is Blackcentric, meaning it is a safe space for those from the African Diaspora. I work with high functioning black women with anxiety and depression. I also work with clients from a spectrum of cultures while utilizing a blackcentric orientation rooted in the family, that addresses race, gender, class and socio-political orientations. Do you long for a space where you can be fully yourself, and express your deepest truth? Have you struggled with anxiety and depression and read every self-help book and still can’t get relief? Do you have childhood T(t)rauma that is impacting your adult relationships? Text me to talk.
My practice is Blackcentric, meaning it is a safe space for those from the African Diaspora. I work with high functioning black women with anxiety and depression. I also work with clients from a spectrum of cultures while utilizing a blackcentric orientation rooted in the family, that addresses race, gender, class and socio-political orientations. Do you long for a space where you can be fully yourself, and express your deepest truth? Have you struggled with anxiety and depression and read every self-help book and still can’t get relief? Do you have childhood T(t)rauma that is impacting your adult relationships? Text me to talk.
(901) 329-3911 View (901) 329-3911
Photo of Charmai Davalos, LMFT-A, Pre-Licensed Professional
Charmai Davalos
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMFT-A
Verified Verified
Germantown, TN 38138
All relationships have conflict. What differentiates secure relationships from the insecure? Is your relationship a place you go to find comfort when life starts to hurt? When there is a rupture to your connection do you know how to repair and return to a felt sense of safety and closeness? Or do you feel the need to fight and protest to be heard or shut down to avoid a fight? Do you find yourself stuck in the same patterns, having the same conflict with the same unresolved outcomes that leave you feeling bad about your partner and yourself? Thankfully there is a path to secure relationship that is unifying and healing.
All relationships have conflict. What differentiates secure relationships from the insecure? Is your relationship a place you go to find comfort when life starts to hurt? When there is a rupture to your connection do you know how to repair and return to a felt sense of safety and closeness? Or do you feel the need to fight and protest to be heard or shut down to avoid a fight? Do you find yourself stuck in the same patterns, having the same conflict with the same unresolved outcomes that leave you feeling bad about your partner and yourself? Thankfully there is a path to secure relationship that is unifying and healing.
(901) 459-5246 View (901) 459-5246
Photo of Mary Beth Wiggins, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mary Beth Wiggins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Germantown, TN 38138
I am a clinical social worker who has been in private practice for twenty five years. I work with clients of all ages to encourage them to know more about themselves and live more authentic lives. I believe that in therapy clients need to experience a comfortable setting in which to address issues of all kinds.
I am a clinical social worker who has been in private practice for twenty five years. I work with clients of all ages to encourage them to know more about themselves and live more authentic lives. I believe that in therapy clients need to experience a comfortable setting in which to address issues of all kinds.
(901) 290-4082 View (901) 290-4082
Photo of Jennifer L Valli, PhD, CST, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer L Valli
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, CST
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Germantown, TN 38138
As one of a few psychotherapists in Memphis who is also AASECT Certified as a sex therapist, I treat a full range of sexual, relationship and intimacy issues. Sex is one of the deepest and most powerful experiences we have, yet it can also cause distress and embarrassment when it does not go smoothly. Compounding the problem, many have been socialized to feel uncomfortable with sex or haven't received accurate sexual health information. Many people struggle in silence with sexual dysfunction and others have erotic interests that might be considered unusual by some- any of the above can result in tremendous amounts of shame.
As one of a few psychotherapists in Memphis who is also AASECT Certified as a sex therapist, I treat a full range of sexual, relationship and intimacy issues. Sex is one of the deepest and most powerful experiences we have, yet it can also cause distress and embarrassment when it does not go smoothly. Compounding the problem, many have been socialized to feel uncomfortable with sex or haven't received accurate sexual health information. Many people struggle in silence with sexual dysfunction and others have erotic interests that might be considered unusual by some- any of the above can result in tremendous amounts of shame.
(901) 612-2700 View (901) 612-2700
Photo of Anne Bryan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anne Bryan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Sometimes, life can feel overwhelming and a way to change the things you don't like may seem impossible. We all have times of challenge. Because even when hope feels small, it is there waiting there waiting to be discovered. I enjoy getting to know my clients and seeing them succeed. I have been working as an LCSW for over 10 years and love what I do. I obtained my Masters in Social Work through University of Tennessee. I have practiced with teenagers and adults to identify and learn ways to better manage emotions allowing more control over symptoms of mood disorders, anxiety, and anger.
Sometimes, life can feel overwhelming and a way to change the things you don't like may seem impossible. We all have times of challenge. Because even when hope feels small, it is there waiting there waiting to be discovered. I enjoy getting to know my clients and seeing them succeed. I have been working as an LCSW for over 10 years and love what I do. I obtained my Masters in Social Work through University of Tennessee. I have practiced with teenagers and adults to identify and learn ways to better manage emotions allowing more control over symptoms of mood disorders, anxiety, and anger.
(901) 657-4007 View (901) 657-4007
Photo of Terry Bernardini, MS, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Terry Bernardini
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Germantown, TN 38138
Are anxiety and depression constant companions in your life? Do you wonder if fulfillment in life, relationships, and work are possible? It could be that your life was going quite well until an unwelcome visitor such as chronic pain, a diagnosis, loss, addiction, betrayal, or trauma showed up to stay. Or, it could be that you have rarely if ever enjoyed a sense of well-being. My greatest joy is in helping people find strength, hope, and happiness despite the darkest of life’s experiences.
Are anxiety and depression constant companions in your life? Do you wonder if fulfillment in life, relationships, and work are possible? It could be that your life was going quite well until an unwelcome visitor such as chronic pain, a diagnosis, loss, addiction, betrayal, or trauma showed up to stay. Or, it could be that you have rarely if ever enjoyed a sense of well-being. My greatest joy is in helping people find strength, hope, and happiness despite the darkest of life’s experiences.
(901) 371-4711 View (901) 371-4711
Photo of Joseph L McCray, MA, T-LPC, MHSP, Pre-Licensed Professional
Joseph L McCray
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, T-LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Germantown, TN 38138
Not accepting new clients
My ideal client is to seek positive change in their life, despite facing significant emotional challenges. Issues: They may be struggling with a mix of anxiety and depression, perhaps stemming from unresolved past traumas or ongoing stressors such as relationship problems or workplace pressures. They could also be dealing with low self-esteem and a lack of direction, feeling stuck in a cycle of negative thoughts and behaviors. Needs: They need a safe and supportive environment where they can openly express their thoughts and emotions without judgment.
My ideal client is to seek positive change in their life, despite facing significant emotional challenges. Issues: They may be struggling with a mix of anxiety and depression, perhaps stemming from unresolved past traumas or ongoing stressors such as relationship problems or workplace pressures. They could also be dealing with low self-esteem and a lack of direction, feeling stuck in a cycle of negative thoughts and behaviors. Needs: They need a safe and supportive environment where they can openly express their thoughts and emotions without judgment.
(901) 660-7444 View (901) 660-7444
Photo of Savannah Burton, LPC-, MHSP, S, PMH-C, Licensed Professional Counselor
Savannah Burton
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-, MHSP, S, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Germantown, TN 38138
Waitlist for new clients
Are you tired of repeating the same old patterns? Do you feel disconnected from your life? Are you wondering if what you're feeling is "normal?" My therapeutic mission is to provide clients with clear guidance, compassionate encouragement, and sound accountability in a safe and non-judgmental environment. My style is relational, direct, and genuine.
Are you tired of repeating the same old patterns? Do you feel disconnected from your life? Are you wondering if what you're feeling is "normal?" My therapeutic mission is to provide clients with clear guidance, compassionate encouragement, and sound accountability in a safe and non-judgmental environment. My style is relational, direct, and genuine.
(901) 910-1229 View (901) 910-1229
Photo of Tom Edwards, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tom Edwards
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Germantown, TN 38138
Young people present unique challenges, but also unique opportunities. After almost 30 years experience working with this population, there aren't many situations I haven't encountered. There is always reason for hope. What your therapist expects influences the outcomes. As a behavioral optimist, I approach clients I work with believing that no one wants to be miserable. We all want to reach our potential, as children, adolescents, parents, families, members of a community. Every living, breathing person, whatever their age, race, gender, sexual orientation, or place in life, is capable of change. That is a firm belief of mine.
Young people present unique challenges, but also unique opportunities. After almost 30 years experience working with this population, there aren't many situations I haven't encountered. There is always reason for hope. What your therapist expects influences the outcomes. As a behavioral optimist, I approach clients I work with believing that no one wants to be miserable. We all want to reach our potential, as children, adolescents, parents, families, members of a community. Every living, breathing person, whatever their age, race, gender, sexual orientation, or place in life, is capable of change. That is a firm belief of mine.
(901) 273-7751 View (901) 273-7751
Photo of Felisa McCarver, MA, LPC Intern
Felisa McCarver
LPC Intern, MA
Verified Verified
Germantown, TN 38139
Life is change. During our life span, we experience constant changes and choices. Some of these changes and transitions are more difficult than others. Often, a helping hand is needed as we traverse these situations, whether a new job, a new relationship, or a loss. We can navigate these changes together. Learning and growth have no age requirements or limitations. I have been a licensed public school counselor for 8 years and taught adolescents in the U.S. and abroad, and online since 2000. I am a Clinical Mental Health Counseling intern currently under supervision until December 2024.
Life is change. During our life span, we experience constant changes and choices. Some of these changes and transitions are more difficult than others. Often, a helping hand is needed as we traverse these situations, whether a new job, a new relationship, or a loss. We can navigate these changes together. Learning and growth have no age requirements or limitations. I have been a licensed public school counselor for 8 years and taught adolescents in the U.S. and abroad, and online since 2000. I am a Clinical Mental Health Counseling intern currently under supervision until December 2024.
(615) 488-5382 View (615) 488-5382
Photo of Sara Ross, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sara Ross
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Germantown, TN 38138
Hello and welcome! I believe everyone has the capacity for change and is able to benefit from the power of therapy. Whether its everyday stressors, more serious conditions, or anything in between, it feels good to have someone walking with you. If you are looking for someone to listen, ready to be challenged, and have the desire to take charge of your life, I would be honored to help.
Hello and welcome! I believe everyone has the capacity for change and is able to benefit from the power of therapy. Whether its everyday stressors, more serious conditions, or anything in between, it feels good to have someone walking with you. If you are looking for someone to listen, ready to be challenged, and have the desire to take charge of your life, I would be honored to help.
(901) 582-8827 View (901) 582-8827
Photo of Kathryn Ogletree, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kathryn Ogletree
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Do you ever feel like you just can’t win? Life throws curveballs, generally at the most inconvenient times, that would be difficult for anyone to navigate. Maybe it leads to conflict with your loved ones. Maybe you don’t know how to cope so you resort to alcohol or drugs. Maybe you feel like you don’t have a voice or like your voice doesn’t matter. Maybe you struggle to get out of bed because you can’t find motivation to make it through the day. Maybe you can’t focus because you're too busy creating worst-case scenarios in your head or you're stuck in the past. Maybe you’re just trying to figure out who you are, and that’s okay.
Do you ever feel like you just can’t win? Life throws curveballs, generally at the most inconvenient times, that would be difficult for anyone to navigate. Maybe it leads to conflict with your loved ones. Maybe you don’t know how to cope so you resort to alcohol or drugs. Maybe you feel like you don’t have a voice or like your voice doesn’t matter. Maybe you struggle to get out of bed because you can’t find motivation to make it through the day. Maybe you can’t focus because you're too busy creating worst-case scenarios in your head or you're stuck in the past. Maybe you’re just trying to figure out who you are, and that’s okay.
(901) 206-2962 View (901) 206-2962
Photo of Christina T. Burns, LPCMHSP, CEDS-S, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Christina T. Burns
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, CEDS-S, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Germantown, TN 38138
Waitlist for new clients
Helping clients heal from eating disorder and trauma is my life’s work. It's an honor to have others trust you enough to talk about their lives, their fears, their pain. Part of my job is to provide emotional safety so that we can begin to work through the issues that bring you to therapy. I have training and experience treating a range of psychological issues with various approaches. Together, we will develop the treatment plan that is best for you.
Helping clients heal from eating disorder and trauma is my life’s work. It's an honor to have others trust you enough to talk about their lives, their fears, their pain. Part of my job is to provide emotional safety so that we can begin to work through the issues that bring you to therapy. I have training and experience treating a range of psychological issues with various approaches. Together, we will develop the treatment plan that is best for you.
(901) 612-2343 x901 View (901) 612-2343 x901
Photo of Corey Latta, P-LPC, MA, MA, PhD, Pre-Licensed Professional
Corey Latta
Pre-Licensed Professional, P-LPC, MA, MA, PhD
Verified Verified
Germantown, TN 38138
My ideal client has come to the painful awareness that something is off. Life has been derailed by a host of intruders like grief, anxiety, depression, addiction, family drama, relational conflict, heartbreak, abuse, and trauma. What once worked just to survive no longer works. They've come to the awareness that they must choose 1) the hard path of change, or 2) the even more difficult path of doing the same thing again and again while expecting different results. My clients are willing to bring the pain of their past into the work of the present so that they might live in hope of their future.
My ideal client has come to the painful awareness that something is off. Life has been derailed by a host of intruders like grief, anxiety, depression, addiction, family drama, relational conflict, heartbreak, abuse, and trauma. What once worked just to survive no longer works. They've come to the awareness that they must choose 1) the hard path of change, or 2) the even more difficult path of doing the same thing again and again while expecting different results. My clients are willing to bring the pain of their past into the work of the present so that they might live in hope of their future.
(901) 519-2458 View (901) 519-2458
Photo of Liesl Danley, MS, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Liesl Danley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Germantown, TN 38138
You keep trying to get it together but it just seems like it is never enough. You lost your keys again for what seems to be the millionth time and can never seem to put them in the same spot. You get lost in thought and lose track of time and now you are late for work or school again. It's hard to focus or sit still long enough to complete one task. You have a lot of great ideas but just can't seem to make them happen. Sometimes you have a burst of energy and can get a lot done at once but that never seems to last. You wonder if maybe you are just lazy or stupid. It's depressing to think that life might always be this way.
You keep trying to get it together but it just seems like it is never enough. You lost your keys again for what seems to be the millionth time and can never seem to put them in the same spot. You get lost in thought and lose track of time and now you are late for work or school again. It's hard to focus or sit still long enough to complete one task. You have a lot of great ideas but just can't seem to make them happen. Sometimes you have a burst of energy and can get a lot done at once but that never seems to last. You wonder if maybe you are just lazy or stupid. It's depressing to think that life might always be this way.
(901) 460-6175 View (901) 460-6175
Photo of Michelle R Johns, MA, LPC, MHSP, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Michelle R Johns
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
Germantown, TN 38138
Have you noticed that the same challenges keep resurfacing, leaving you overwhelmed and unsure? Do anxiety or feelings of disconnection keep you from living the life you want? Do you feel stuck in the same relationship patterns, no matter how hard you try to change them? Helping individuals, parents, and couples understand how past experiences shape the present, I offer a space to explore your life experiences and help you create a future with clarity, confidence, and peace. Together, we’ll shift old patterns and transform your relationship with yourself and others.
Have you noticed that the same challenges keep resurfacing, leaving you overwhelmed and unsure? Do anxiety or feelings of disconnection keep you from living the life you want? Do you feel stuck in the same relationship patterns, no matter how hard you try to change them? Helping individuals, parents, and couples understand how past experiences shape the present, I offer a space to explore your life experiences and help you create a future with clarity, confidence, and peace. Together, we’ll shift old patterns and transform your relationship with yourself and others.
(901) 295-4602 View (901) 295-4602
Photo of Yves Calderone, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Yves Calderone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Germantown, TN 38139
I am committed to working dynamically with individuals so they can live healthier, fuller, more meaningful lives. My treatment approach is rooted in Jungian-oriented psychotherapy, Focusing and other somatic practices, and Collaborative Problem Solving. I hold a Masters degree in Social work with a concentration in Advanced Clinical Practice from Columbia University. I offer counseling sessions tailored to each individual‘s unique experience — taking into account biological, psychological, social, and spiritual factors — and guiding a process that acknowledges and respects a person’s inherent wisdom toward wholeness and healing.
I am committed to working dynamically with individuals so they can live healthier, fuller, more meaningful lives. My treatment approach is rooted in Jungian-oriented psychotherapy, Focusing and other somatic practices, and Collaborative Problem Solving. I hold a Masters degree in Social work with a concentration in Advanced Clinical Practice from Columbia University. I offer counseling sessions tailored to each individual‘s unique experience — taking into account biological, psychological, social, and spiritual factors — and guiding a process that acknowledges and respects a person’s inherent wisdom toward wholeness and healing.
(901) 676-8710 View (901) 676-8710
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Germantown, TN

100+

Average cost per session

$127

Therapists in Germantown, TN who prioritize treating:

88% Anxiety
83% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
72% Coping Skills
65% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Cigna and Evernorth
69% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Germantown, TN see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Germantown?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.