Therapists in Rochester, NY

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Photo of Katarina Asbury, Counselor in Rochester, NY
Katarina Asbury
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14618  (Online Only)
My name is Katarina Asbury. I am a therapist who is passionate about treating OCD and other anxiety disorders. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process meant to teach people how to manage, cope and return to feeling in control of their life as soon as possible. I have extensive experience in the application of Exposure Response Prevention and Habit Reversal Therapy. I utilize CBT in a creative and flexible way to meet the specific needs of each client and where they are in their journey.
My name is Katarina Asbury. I am a therapist who is passionate about treating OCD and other anxiety disorders. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process meant to teach people how to manage, cope and return to feeling in control of their life as soon as possible. I have extensive experience in the application of Exposure Response Prevention and Habit Reversal Therapy. I utilize CBT in a creative and flexible way to meet the specific needs of each client and where they are in their journey.
(585) 540-1383 View (585) 540-1383
Photo of Sue E Ouellette, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rochester, NY
Sue E Ouellette
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14618  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with individuals , families, and couples. I see individual clients with a variety of presenting issues, including anxiety and depression. Many of my clients are experiencing very normal and understandable reactions to painful life circumstances. The couples that I work with may be attempting to recover from affairs, considering divorce, or experiencing challenges in their relationship that they want to work through. I've worked with both gay and straight couples.as well as those who are married and single. The families that I see are dealing with issues related to child raising, divorce, illness or disability, and major life transitions.
I enjoy working with individuals , families, and couples. I see individual clients with a variety of presenting issues, including anxiety and depression. Many of my clients are experiencing very normal and understandable reactions to painful life circumstances. The couples that I work with may be attempting to recover from affairs, considering divorce, or experiencing challenges in their relationship that they want to work through. I've worked with both gay and straight couples.as well as those who are married and single. The families that I see are dealing with issues related to child raising, divorce, illness or disability, and major life transitions.
(815) 357-4053 View (815) 357-4053
Photo of Khadijah Tillman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Rochester, NY
Khadijah Tillman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14621
Not accepting new clients
We have other clinicians at Sankofa Family Counseling who are accepting new clients. Being here, indicates that you are committed to helping yourself, or a loved one. I work with children and adults to sort through past and current challenges. I help my clients integrate these experiences so that they are manageable. My approaches and insights are adaptable for the age, cultural, and spiritual identity of the person or "persons" sitting in front of me.
We have other clinicians at Sankofa Family Counseling who are accepting new clients. Being here, indicates that you are committed to helping yourself, or a loved one. I work with children and adults to sort through past and current challenges. I help my clients integrate these experiences so that they are manageable. My approaches and insights are adaptable for the age, cultural, and spiritual identity of the person or "persons" sitting in front of me.
(585) 454-8068 View (585) 454-8068
Photo of Hannah Andersen, Licensed Master Social Worker in Rochester, NY
Hannah Andersen
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14607
I specialize in providing individual therapy to adolescents and young adults who are survivors of sexual and physical abuse, though am passionate about working with clients impacted by all types of trauma. Trauma and abuse impact various aspects of a person's life, particularly the ways someone sees themselves, other people, and the world. I work for a trauma-focused group therapy practice where I work to meet the needs of the community and my individual clients through a holistic perspective.
I specialize in providing individual therapy to adolescents and young adults who are survivors of sexual and physical abuse, though am passionate about working with clients impacted by all types of trauma. Trauma and abuse impact various aspects of a person's life, particularly the ways someone sees themselves, other people, and the world. I work for a trauma-focused group therapy practice where I work to meet the needs of the community and my individual clients through a holistic perspective.
(585) 676-6480 View (585) 676-6480
Photo of Cheryl A. Bianchi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Rochester, NY
Cheryl A. Bianchi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, ACSW, EAS-C
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14610
I have been helping individuals, couples and families for over 30 years. Clients & colleagues describe me as experienced, effective, direct, honest, kind, compassionate, genuine & caring. Strengths are my empathy & ability to connect with others in a therapeutic way as to help facilitate growth, change and movement in their lives & acceptance of self. I use an eclectic approach: cognitive-behavioral, experiential, relational, solution-focused, supportive, trauma informed, and insight-oriented psychotherapy. Expertise working with couples, families & adolescents. An Addiction Specialist and an OASAS-DMV Provider for drug & alcohol evaluations, assessment and treatment. I am also certified by EAPA as a Employee Assistance Specialist-Clinical(EAS-C).
I have been helping individuals, couples and families for over 30 years. Clients & colleagues describe me as experienced, effective, direct, honest, kind, compassionate, genuine & caring. Strengths are my empathy & ability to connect with others in a therapeutic way as to help facilitate growth, change and movement in their lives & acceptance of self. I use an eclectic approach: cognitive-behavioral, experiential, relational, solution-focused, supportive, trauma informed, and insight-oriented psychotherapy. Expertise working with couples, families & adolescents. An Addiction Specialist and an OASAS-DMV Provider for drug & alcohol evaluations, assessment and treatment. I am also certified by EAPA as a Employee Assistance Specialist-Clinical(EAS-C).
(585) 492-6195 View (585) 492-6195
Photo of April Aycock, Counselor in Rochester, NY
April Aycock
Counselor, EdD, LMHC, CASAC
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14610  (Online Only)
As a therapist, my goal is to help my clients become mindful of who they are & uncover their true potential to foster a life that is worth embracing. When we work together we can't change difficult situations of the past, but we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life to prevent reoccurring patterns of negative family dynamic, stress-related struggles, self-esteem, addictions, trauma, & fears that may be holding you back from experiencing a meaningful life. If you're looking for support or you're just ready to move in a new direction in your life, I look forward to working with you.
As a therapist, my goal is to help my clients become mindful of who they are & uncover their true potential to foster a life that is worth embracing. When we work together we can't change difficult situations of the past, but we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life to prevent reoccurring patterns of negative family dynamic, stress-related struggles, self-esteem, addictions, trauma, & fears that may be holding you back from experiencing a meaningful life. If you're looking for support or you're just ready to move in a new direction in your life, I look forward to working with you.
(585) 460-2894 View (585) 460-2894
Photo of Robert Langen Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Rochester, NY
Robert Langen Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14607
I am a New York State licensed clinical social worker and have over 17 years providing psychotherapy services. I am conducting appointments online to help you achieve your personal goals. I have dedicated my career to understanding and treating emotional health. A specific area of interest is helping those to improve their interpersonal relationships, whether they be with family, coworkers, or others. I want our sessions to be a supportive and safe place where you can be your genuine self without fear of judgement as you process, learn, and work through life’s challenges.
I am a New York State licensed clinical social worker and have over 17 years providing psychotherapy services. I am conducting appointments online to help you achieve your personal goals. I have dedicated my career to understanding and treating emotional health. A specific area of interest is helping those to improve their interpersonal relationships, whether they be with family, coworkers, or others. I want our sessions to be a supportive and safe place where you can be your genuine self without fear of judgement as you process, learn, and work through life’s challenges.
(585) 563-9191 View (585) 563-9191
Photo of Nadiyasa Badilla, Counselor in Rochester, NY
Nadiyasa Badilla
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14618  (Online Only)
You have the incredible ability to self-heal. I'm here to support you through identifying and letting go of the old habits or patterns that cast you into a narrative that no longer fits the self you want to be in this world. Let's find what works for you and what doesn’t. My role as a therapist is to hold a welcoming, safe space and to provide knowledgeable, dependable support as you discover who you are underneath all those layers of self that you’ve created in order to survive. More and more people are beginning to trust it is safe to relinquish the identity they cling to, the life which they carry so much conflict around.
You have the incredible ability to self-heal. I'm here to support you through identifying and letting go of the old habits or patterns that cast you into a narrative that no longer fits the self you want to be in this world. Let's find what works for you and what doesn’t. My role as a therapist is to hold a welcoming, safe space and to provide knowledgeable, dependable support as you discover who you are underneath all those layers of self that you’ve created in order to survive. More and more people are beginning to trust it is safe to relinquish the identity they cling to, the life which they carry so much conflict around.
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Photo of Khamkay Chitaphong, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Rochester, NY
Khamkay Chitaphong
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14618
Hello! My name is Dr. Khamkay (Kai) Chitaphong and I am a licensed and board-certified Counselor. I received my PhD at the University of Rochester and have been practicing counseling for over 18 years. I have worked as a provider and supervisor in community mental health and federal government programs. I am an experienced tele-mental health provider and I
Hello! My name is Dr. Khamkay (Kai) Chitaphong and I am a licensed and board-certified Counselor. I received my PhD at the University of Rochester and have been practicing counseling for over 18 years. I have worked as a provider and supervisor in community mental health and federal government programs. I am an experienced tele-mental health provider and I
(585) 580-1744 View (585) 580-1744
Photo of Jessica Parks, Counselor in Rochester, NY
Jessica Parks
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14618  (Online Only)
Do you feel like you’re not good enough? Do you wonder why you feel this way? Does this effect your relationships and quality of life? It can be overwhelming, and it’s common for people to struggle with these kinds of thoughts and feelings. The trouble is, it can get in the way of achieving meaningful goals in our lives. Many people choose to avoid these thoughts and feelings which can lead to unfulfilling relationships, unrewarding careers and other mental health problems such as anxiety or depression. It’s exhausting trying to live up to an unattainable standard, right?
Do you feel like you’re not good enough? Do you wonder why you feel this way? Does this effect your relationships and quality of life? It can be overwhelming, and it’s common for people to struggle with these kinds of thoughts and feelings. The trouble is, it can get in the way of achieving meaningful goals in our lives. Many people choose to avoid these thoughts and feelings which can lead to unfulfilling relationships, unrewarding careers and other mental health problems such as anxiety or depression. It’s exhausting trying to live up to an unattainable standard, right?
(585) 296-4562 View (585) 296-4562
Photo of Marissa Ross, Counselor in Rochester, NY
Marissa Ross
Counselor, LMHC, RYT-200
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14618
Thank you so much for your interest in my practice! Life can offer its ups and downs. Often times we may feel overwhelmed, stressed and confused by our thoughts, emotions and behaviors. As a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Registered Yoga Teacher, my goal is to help individuals discover their innate strengths and develop skills to overcome challenges.
Thank you so much for your interest in my practice! Life can offer its ups and downs. Often times we may feel overwhelmed, stressed and confused by our thoughts, emotions and behaviors. As a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Registered Yoga Teacher, my goal is to help individuals discover their innate strengths and develop skills to overcome challenges.
(585) 481-8602 View (585) 481-8602
Photo of Kristen Nowakowski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Rochester, NY
Kristen Nowakowski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, Kristen, LCSW, CCATP, CCTP
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14612  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I love working with young people ages 12-24, as well as their families. Youth and families reach out when things become overwhelming with family or peer conflict, school issues, anxiety, depression, a trauma/loss, life/family transition, or something just isn't feeling quite right, and help is needed to identify what might be happening and how to start making progress towards feeling better.
I love working with young people ages 12-24, as well as their families. Youth and families reach out when things become overwhelming with family or peer conflict, school issues, anxiety, depression, a trauma/loss, life/family transition, or something just isn't feeling quite right, and help is needed to identify what might be happening and how to start making progress towards feeling better.
(585) 888-9098 View (585) 888-9098
Photo of Shantel Giles, Counselor in Rochester, NY
Shantel Giles
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14613  (Online Only)
Welcome to IMatterHealing, the care you deserve ! “ Our greatest weakness lies in giving up. The most certain way to succeed is to always try just one more time. " Thomas Edison
Welcome to IMatterHealing, the care you deserve ! “ Our greatest weakness lies in giving up. The most certain way to succeed is to always try just one more time. " Thomas Edison
(585) 628-2014 View (585) 628-2014
Photo of Kristen Julian, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Rochester, NY
Kristen Julian
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14625
Humans have an innate and unique gift of being able to observe a broad range of emotions and experiences. Sometimes these emotions and experiences are not always favorable. I am here to walk alongside you through your journey towards contentment once again. With my relaxed and at times playful personality, I strive to create a safe, comfortable space where you can lean into discomfort and hardships in life. I work with adult clients of all ages who may be experiencing depression, anxiety, life transitions, grief, or struggles with interpersonal relationships. These issues may or may not be related to historical adverse experiences.
Humans have an innate and unique gift of being able to observe a broad range of emotions and experiences. Sometimes these emotions and experiences are not always favorable. I am here to walk alongside you through your journey towards contentment once again. With my relaxed and at times playful personality, I strive to create a safe, comfortable space where you can lean into discomfort and hardships in life. I work with adult clients of all ages who may be experiencing depression, anxiety, life transitions, grief, or struggles with interpersonal relationships. These issues may or may not be related to historical adverse experiences.
(585) 476-3802 View (585) 476-3802
Photo of Lindsay D'Alleva, Counselor in Rochester, NY
Lindsay D'Alleva
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14618
I believe psychotherapy should be tailored to each individual's unique goals and that a safe, supportive therapeutic space can lead to healing for so many! My primary experience has been working with individuals struggling with eating disorders (ARFID experience included!), anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, body image, adjustments/transitions, and relationships. I also offer faith-based counseling as requested by clients. I have years of experience working with college students, though I accept adolescents and beyond! I am committed to creating a non-judgmental and validating space for all I have the honor of working with.
I believe psychotherapy should be tailored to each individual's unique goals and that a safe, supportive therapeutic space can lead to healing for so many! My primary experience has been working with individuals struggling with eating disorders (ARFID experience included!), anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, body image, adjustments/transitions, and relationships. I also offer faith-based counseling as requested by clients. I have years of experience working with college students, though I accept adolescents and beyond! I am committed to creating a non-judgmental and validating space for all I have the honor of working with.
(585) 549-2765 View (585) 549-2765
Photo of Cheryl J Woods, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Rochester, NY
Cheryl J Woods
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CASAC, CSAT
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14607
I value providing you with a safe space and the freedom to open at your own pace, cultivating a healthy therapeutic relationship to support change and healing. As you reveal what's not working in your life and relationships, I select the best motivational therapeutic approach to help you effectively address these challenges. My guidance, while compassionate, is also honest and direct so you take responsibility for establishing and maintaining your emotional well-being. Doing so helps to reduce the impact of long-term emotional distress in your life.
I value providing you with a safe space and the freedom to open at your own pace, cultivating a healthy therapeutic relationship to support change and healing. As you reveal what's not working in your life and relationships, I select the best motivational therapeutic approach to help you effectively address these challenges. My guidance, while compassionate, is also honest and direct so you take responsibility for establishing and maintaining your emotional well-being. Doing so helps to reduce the impact of long-term emotional distress in your life.
(585) 672-6395 x7 View (585) 672-6395 x7
Photo of Anne B. Graham, Counselor in Rochester, NY
Anne B. Graham
Counselor, MS, Ed, CAS, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14618
Over thirty years of experience partnering with clients of all ages, from a wide variety of backgrounds, has confirmed for me each person has within themselves the resources and ability to become the person they wish to be and to improve their satisfaction in life. As a therapist I partner with each client helping them to identify patterns of thought and behavior that are no longer effective and guide them in discovering new, more rewarding ways of relating and connecting with others. I work collaboratively with clients to solve problems, connect with strengths, and reach their personal and professional goals.
Over thirty years of experience partnering with clients of all ages, from a wide variety of backgrounds, has confirmed for me each person has within themselves the resources and ability to become the person they wish to be and to improve their satisfaction in life. As a therapist I partner with each client helping them to identify patterns of thought and behavior that are no longer effective and guide them in discovering new, more rewarding ways of relating and connecting with others. I work collaboratively with clients to solve problems, connect with strengths, and reach their personal and professional goals.
(585) 302-4324 View (585) 302-4324
Photo of Catina (Tina) Richardsen, Counselor in Rochester, NY
Catina (Tina) Richardsen
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Rochester, NY 14607
I’m a child therapist specializing in play therapy since 2001. I work with children ages 2-6 with stressors in their life impacting their social-emotional-behavioral development. Young children can show anxiety & depression symptoms related to: parental divorce/conflict, loss of a loved one, abuse (mental, physical, sexual, neglect), adjusting to changes at home & school. I have experience with families in urban, rural, and suburban areas. Contact me today if your child is struggling with anger/worry/fear/sadness at home/school/daycare. I’ll send you a patient information form and we’ll get the process started.
I’m a child therapist specializing in play therapy since 2001. I work with children ages 2-6 with stressors in their life impacting their social-emotional-behavioral development. Young children can show anxiety & depression symptoms related to: parental divorce/conflict, loss of a loved one, abuse (mental, physical, sexual, neglect), adjusting to changes at home & school. I have experience with families in urban, rural, and suburban areas. Contact me today if your child is struggling with anger/worry/fear/sadness at home/school/daycare. I’ll send you a patient information form and we’ll get the process started.
(585) 523-1549 View (585) 523-1549
Photo of Christina Ruzicka, Psychologist in Rochester, NY
Christina Ruzicka
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14620
Not accepting new clients
I recognize the process of healing is an investment that takes vulnerability, courage, time, and energy, which may be difficult and intimidating. I imagine you have been doing your best to navigate life and painful emotional experiences that have shaped who you are. As we experience conflict, grief, pain, and emotion in general, we respond in our own unique way that may no longer be helpful. The process of psychotherapy is designed to give you an opportunity to examine the way you relate to yourself and the world around you, thereby allowing you to cultivate awareness, change, and growth in your life.
I recognize the process of healing is an investment that takes vulnerability, courage, time, and energy, which may be difficult and intimidating. I imagine you have been doing your best to navigate life and painful emotional experiences that have shaped who you are. As we experience conflict, grief, pain, and emotion in general, we respond in our own unique way that may no longer be helpful. The process of psychotherapy is designed to give you an opportunity to examine the way you relate to yourself and the world around you, thereby allowing you to cultivate awareness, change, and growth in your life.
(585) 844-5700 View (585) 844-5700
Photo of Stephanie Klehr, Counselor in Rochester, NY
Stephanie Klehr
Counselor, LMHC, CASAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rochester, NY 14618
Waitlist for new clients
Therapy can be a supportive way to navigate life changes and find hope in moving forward. I can certainly assist you in identifying and managing the symptoms that might be causing you some stress (ex: racing thoughts, not feeling like yourself, sadness, guilt, fear, or worry).
Therapy can be a supportive way to navigate life changes and find hope in moving forward. I can certainly assist you in identifying and managing the symptoms that might be causing you some stress (ex: racing thoughts, not feeling like yourself, sadness, guilt, fear, or worry).
(585) 536-1626 View (585) 536-1626

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Rochester, NY

800+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Rochester, NY who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
71% Coping Skills
71% Stress
69% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
55% Cigna and Evernorth
52% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Rochester, NY see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Rochester?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.