Therapists in Coeur d'Alene, ID

Photo of Jenelle Hampson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Jenelle Hampson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA Ed
Verified Verified
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83815  (Online Only)
First and foremost I believe in providing an empathetic approach curated with intentional decision based action. I put a strong emphasis on mindset work and helping clients recognize they can take their control back. I am passionate about rewriting the stories our brains have told us throughout our lifetime. These stories have shaped the lens in which we see the world and slowly allow us to bury our core-self alive. As we become more suffocated and trapped, naturally our anxiety and depression take over and we lose control of our life.
First and foremost I believe in providing an empathetic approach curated with intentional decision based action. I put a strong emphasis on mindset work and helping clients recognize they can take their control back. I am passionate about rewriting the stories our brains have told us throughout our lifetime. These stories have shaped the lens in which we see the world and slowly allow us to bury our core-self alive. As we become more suffocated and trapped, naturally our anxiety and depression take over and we lose control of our life.
(208) 428-5813 View (208) 428-5813
Photo of Sandra Marie Gunn, Marriage & Family Therapist in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Sandra Marie Gunn
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814  (Online Only)
My name is Sandra Gunn and I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist in Idaho. I have worked extensively with families, children and couples for many years in private practice. I have also worked in the Non Profit sector advocating for children's safety and strong family systems. My many years as a business owner has given me hands on life experiences, both with managing children, work, and relationships. I believe that the key to a fulfilled life is to keep it simple as is my view on change and therapy- focus on our strengths with positive affirmations, and make small attainable goals and trust me change will follow.
My name is Sandra Gunn and I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist in Idaho. I have worked extensively with families, children and couples for many years in private practice. I have also worked in the Non Profit sector advocating for children's safety and strong family systems. My many years as a business owner has given me hands on life experiences, both with managing children, work, and relationships. I believe that the key to a fulfilled life is to keep it simple as is my view on change and therapy- focus on our strengths with positive affirmations, and make small attainable goals and trust me change will follow.
(208) 469-4887 View (208) 469-4887
Photo of Jami Walker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Jami Walker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, COSP-F
Verified Verified
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83815  (Online Only)
Balanced Life Counseling Services, LLC is owned and operated by Jami Walker, LCSW. Jami has been in the mental health care field since 2009; engaging in roles of PSR/CBRS and mental health therapy. Jami has attended many trainings that focus around children and families; specifically with past and current traumatic events, attachment, play therapy, CBT, child and adolescent development, anxiety, depression, and emotion focused work. Jami has experience working with people of all ages including children young as two years old. Jami is a Certified Circle of Security Parenting Facilitator.
Balanced Life Counseling Services, LLC is owned and operated by Jami Walker, LCSW. Jami has been in the mental health care field since 2009; engaging in roles of PSR/CBRS and mental health therapy. Jami has attended many trainings that focus around children and families; specifically with past and current traumatic events, attachment, play therapy, CBT, child and adolescent development, anxiety, depression, and emotion focused work. Jami has experience working with people of all ages including children young as two years old. Jami is a Certified Circle of Security Parenting Facilitator.
(208) 591-6165 View (208) 591-6165
Photo of Teri Hansen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Teri Hansen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in working with couples in all stages of their relationships - from those who are dating or engaged, to newly married or navigating life with children or facing issues related to blended families, to those who have been together for decades. I also work with individuals navigating divorce, helping them process the challenges that come with that journey so they can come out on the other side in a healthy way. When clients arrive at the first session nervous or ambivalent about whether counseling can really help, I focus on putting them at ease and building confidence in their own ability to create the change they want.
I specialize in working with couples in all stages of their relationships - from those who are dating or engaged, to newly married or navigating life with children or facing issues related to blended families, to those who have been together for decades. I also work with individuals navigating divorce, helping them process the challenges that come with that journey so they can come out on the other side in a healthy way. When clients arrive at the first session nervous or ambivalent about whether counseling can really help, I focus on putting them at ease and building confidence in their own ability to create the change they want.
(208) 205-9916 View (208) 205-9916
Photo of Danielle Cannon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Danielle Cannon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW, RYT-200
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
Not accepting new clients
When you can get to the root of the problem(s) and know better, you will feel better! I have a holistic approach to therapy, trained in working with people who have depression, anxiety and/or trauma - especially as it relates to issues from childhood. I am open to working with those 18+. I use the science of the brain, its impact on emotions and behavior, as well as cognitive behavioral and EMDR as primary modalities in my practice.
When you can get to the root of the problem(s) and know better, you will feel better! I have a holistic approach to therapy, trained in working with people who have depression, anxiety and/or trauma - especially as it relates to issues from childhood. I am open to working with those 18+. I use the science of the brain, its impact on emotions and behavior, as well as cognitive behavioral and EMDR as primary modalities in my practice.
(208) 449-0893 View (208) 449-0893
Photo of Brad Richard Smedley, Marriage & Family Therapist in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Brad Richard Smedley
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MS, LMFT, EMDR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
Not accepting new clients
Welcome and thank you for visiting. I am excited to share that I have opened an integrated behavioral health facility in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho - Lifehouse Healthcare, PLLC. I am partnering with a highly knowledgable & experienced Certified Nurse Practitioner.
Welcome and thank you for visiting. I am excited to share that I have opened an integrated behavioral health facility in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho - Lifehouse Healthcare, PLLC. I am partnering with a highly knowledgable & experienced Certified Nurse Practitioner.
(208) 556-7368 View (208) 556-7368
Photo of Tammy Cain in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Tammy Cain
DTh, MTh, BCPC, BCCC
Verified Verified
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
Tammy has dedicated nearly two decades to helping others reach their full potential. With an exceptional background in counseling, she walks with people through difficult times – like trauma and terminal illness – or everyday life pressures. She even works as a suicide negotiator! Recognized in youth ministry leadership at the International House of Prayer Ministries plus her pastoral counseling commitment that no one has to endure pain alone brings incredible accessibility for all.
Tammy has dedicated nearly two decades to helping others reach their full potential. With an exceptional background in counseling, she walks with people through difficult times – like trauma and terminal illness – or everyday life pressures. She even works as a suicide negotiator! Recognized in youth ministry leadership at the International House of Prayer Ministries plus her pastoral counseling commitment that no one has to endure pain alone brings incredible accessibility for all.
(208) 285-3793 View (208) 285-3793
Photo of Jean Ann Gabby, Counselor in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Jean Ann Gabby
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
Not accepting new clients
Once in a while everyone can use another set of eyes on an issue, or a wiser perspective from 30,000 feet. An experienced counselor/coach/guide in practice for 33 years, since 1991, I provide personal counseling, maturation therapy, marital, premarital, and relationship counseling, communication training, conflict resolution, and business coaching for individuals, couples, and small groups. I specialize in helping adult clients grow up. My goal is to address the national epidemic of elongated adolescence, medically & socially-sedated citizens, skyrocketing narcissism, and children raising children, one client at a time.
Once in a while everyone can use another set of eyes on an issue, or a wiser perspective from 30,000 feet. An experienced counselor/coach/guide in practice for 33 years, since 1991, I provide personal counseling, maturation therapy, marital, premarital, and relationship counseling, communication training, conflict resolution, and business coaching for individuals, couples, and small groups. I specialize in helping adult clients grow up. My goal is to address the national epidemic of elongated adolescence, medically & socially-sedated citizens, skyrocketing narcissism, and children raising children, one client at a time.
(208) 423-3474 View (208) 423-3474
Photo of Margaret (Meg) Haywood, Licensed Professional Counselor in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Margaret (Meg) Haywood
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
I believe in providing a supportive setting for clients to find balance in all areas of their lives including mental, physical, spiritual, social and emotional aspects. I use a down to earth, practical approach in my therapy with a strong belief in being non-judgmental and acceptance of each client as a unique individual.
I believe in providing a supportive setting for clients to find balance in all areas of their lives including mental, physical, spiritual, social and emotional aspects. I use a down to earth, practical approach in my therapy with a strong belief in being non-judgmental and acceptance of each client as a unique individual.
(844) 975-0168 View (844) 975-0168
Photo of Kimberly S Lee, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Kimberly S Lee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
Do moods or severe emotional reactions seem to hit you from out of nowhere? Is your inner critic out of control? Are you snapping at your loved ones? Were you avoiding the store if it was too crowded, or fearful of leaving home, - before the pandemic? Would you like to be able to remember that embarrassing moment or traumatic event without feeling like you're re-living it? I would be honored to work with you, to give you tools to manage strong emotions, to help you improve your tolerance to things that stop you in your tracks, and to process through any trauma that might be standing in your way so you can get back to enjoying life
Do moods or severe emotional reactions seem to hit you from out of nowhere? Is your inner critic out of control? Are you snapping at your loved ones? Were you avoiding the store if it was too crowded, or fearful of leaving home, - before the pandemic? Would you like to be able to remember that embarrassing moment or traumatic event without feeling like you're re-living it? I would be honored to work with you, to give you tools to manage strong emotions, to help you improve your tolerance to things that stop you in your tracks, and to process through any trauma that might be standing in your way so you can get back to enjoying life
(208) 714-4098 View (208) 714-4098
Photo of Ashlie Unruh, Counselor in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Ashlie Unruh
Counselor, MA, LMHC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
I have journeyed with adults experiencing a wide variety of issues, in practice for 20+ years. Although I spend time exploring the specific problem that brings you into counseling or therapy, I will also explore in depth the nature of your relationships with other significant people in your life. I will do this in such a way as to challenge ineffective ways of living and provide for personal change to occur. Change at this level requires more than new skills or understanding. I will help you work through and take responsibility for the specific situations you are facing.
I have journeyed with adults experiencing a wide variety of issues, in practice for 20+ years. Although I spend time exploring the specific problem that brings you into counseling or therapy, I will also explore in depth the nature of your relationships with other significant people in your life. I will do this in such a way as to challenge ineffective ways of living and provide for personal change to occur. Change at this level requires more than new skills or understanding. I will help you work through and take responsibility for the specific situations you are facing.
(208) 495-3356 View (208) 495-3356
Photo of Dr. Lonnie Stapp, Counselor in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Dr. Lonnie Stapp
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
I have deep respect for all of my patients. Therapy involves change, openness, and willingness, and is a personal investment. For these reasons, I believe that the treatment you receive should be effective, and I use a blend of established research and your personal goals to ensure that it is.
I have deep respect for all of my patients. Therapy involves change, openness, and willingness, and is a personal investment. For these reasons, I believe that the treatment you receive should be effective, and I use a blend of established research and your personal goals to ensure that it is.
(208) 826-1836 View (208) 826-1836
Photo of Kalila Johnson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Kalila Johnson
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
Life is a continuous learning and growing process, one where we sometimes need a trusted person to walk alongside us, to listen when we need it most, to truly hear us and see us. Therapy can be that place, a safe place to share our worries and celebrate our wins. Whether you suffer due to childhood trauma, day-to-day anxiety, life-long depression, postpartum depression/anxiety, relational struggles or difficulties in parenting, I can offer support and walk beside you in your journey to wellness.
Life is a continuous learning and growing process, one where we sometimes need a trusted person to walk alongside us, to listen when we need it most, to truly hear us and see us. Therapy can be that place, a safe place to share our worries and celebrate our wins. Whether you suffer due to childhood trauma, day-to-day anxiety, life-long depression, postpartum depression/anxiety, relational struggles or difficulties in parenting, I can offer support and walk beside you in your journey to wellness.
(833) 839-7020 View (833) 839-7020
Photo of Northwest Counseling - Katie Linnemeyer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Northwest Counseling - Katie Linnemeyer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
A positive therapist-client relationship is crucial to the success of therapy. I treat each client with respect, cultural sensitivity, and a strong sense of professional ethics. During therapy, we actively work together to explore your unique concerns, struggles, and strengths. I use my expertise to highlight key patterns in your life that may be keeping you stuck, and to present alternative perspectives and strategies to help achieve your goals.
A positive therapist-client relationship is crucial to the success of therapy. I treat each client with respect, cultural sensitivity, and a strong sense of professional ethics. During therapy, we actively work together to explore your unique concerns, struggles, and strengths. I use my expertise to highlight key patterns in your life that may be keeping you stuck, and to present alternative perspectives and strategies to help achieve your goals.
(208) 315-6537 View (208) 315-6537
Photo of Rachel Jones, Counselor in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Rachel Jones
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
Waitlist for new clients
My office has moved to 2005 Ironwood Parkway Suite 120, Coeur d'Alene. I provide a non-judgmental space for older teens and adults to adjust to life's changes, find a way out of depression and/or anxious cycles, reprocess trauma, and more effectively cope in the world. I assist in clarifying, setting, and enforcing your boundaries. I provide an honest, empathic, and curious approach to who you are and who you seek to be in the world.
My office has moved to 2005 Ironwood Parkway Suite 120, Coeur d'Alene. I provide a non-judgmental space for older teens and adults to adjust to life's changes, find a way out of depression and/or anxious cycles, reprocess trauma, and more effectively cope in the world. I assist in clarifying, setting, and enforcing your boundaries. I provide an honest, empathic, and curious approach to who you are and who you seek to be in the world.
(208) 747-0600 View (208) 747-0600
Photo of Jennie Keane, Pre-Licensed Professional in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Jennie Keane
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC, MEd, eMBA
Verified Verified
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
At some point everyone faces difficult times. The unpredictability of emotions we experience when facing uncertainty and change can sometimes leave us feeling overwhelmed and unsure of how to manage things. At times, feelings related to depression, overwhelming anxiety, loneliness, and overall confusion can just stop us in our tracks. Our identity and roles in career and businesses may change or need improvement. Our relationships can sometimes become strained struggling with communication and connection to the people and groups we must find solutions with to maintain healthy connections. My job is to help in these areas.
At some point everyone faces difficult times. The unpredictability of emotions we experience when facing uncertainty and change can sometimes leave us feeling overwhelmed and unsure of how to manage things. At times, feelings related to depression, overwhelming anxiety, loneliness, and overall confusion can just stop us in our tracks. Our identity and roles in career and businesses may change or need improvement. Our relationships can sometimes become strained struggling with communication and connection to the people and groups we must find solutions with to maintain healthy connections. My job is to help in these areas.
(208) 647-3244 View (208) 647-3244
Photo of Christopher Laviola, Psychologist in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Christopher Laviola
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
Prism Psychology is accepting new clients. We have an integrative approach to treatment and work with people of all ages. We especially enjoy helping people with key life transitions and events that we all experience throughout our lives. Major life events impact us and if we have any trauma or mental health issues that just makes getting through these all the more difficult.
Prism Psychology is accepting new clients. We have an integrative approach to treatment and work with people of all ages. We especially enjoy helping people with key life transitions and events that we all experience throughout our lives. Major life events impact us and if we have any trauma or mental health issues that just makes getting through these all the more difficult.
(208) 536-8814 View (208) 536-8814
Photo of Lifehouse Healthcare, Marriage & Family Therapist in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Lifehouse Healthcare
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCSW, NP, MSW
Verified Verified
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
Waitlist for new clients
An approach to medicine that emphasizes treating the person as a whole, with special attention to the interconnections of the mind and body and of the systems within the body. We provide integrated behavioral mental health and primary care services with an approach focusing on your physical, mental, spiritual, and social health needs.
An approach to medicine that emphasizes treating the person as a whole, with special attention to the interconnections of the mind and body and of the systems within the body. We provide integrated behavioral mental health and primary care services with an approach focusing on your physical, mental, spiritual, and social health needs.
(208) 667-3113 View (208) 667-3113
Photo of Crescent Moon Counseling, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Crescent Moon Counseling, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83815
Are fears and anxiety getting in the way of accomplishing your dreams? Do you struggle to feel empowered to set healthy boundaries? Are you over-caring for others and feel exhausted? Do you deal with high levels of stress and don't know how to manage it? At Crescent Moon Counseling you will identify the source of your fears. You will begin to heal your childhood wounds and integrate your empowered core self. Your struggle becomes your strength! Using EMDR, integrative parts work, Heartmath, energy healing, and sound/frequency therapy I can help you remember your aligned self. Who you came to this world to be!
Are fears and anxiety getting in the way of accomplishing your dreams? Do you struggle to feel empowered to set healthy boundaries? Are you over-caring for others and feel exhausted? Do you deal with high levels of stress and don't know how to manage it? At Crescent Moon Counseling you will identify the source of your fears. You will begin to heal your childhood wounds and integrate your empowered core self. Your struggle becomes your strength! Using EMDR, integrative parts work, Heartmath, energy healing, and sound/frequency therapy I can help you remember your aligned self. Who you came to this world to be!
(208) 547-6401 View (208) 547-6401
Photo of Dr. Tammy S. Cain, Pastoral Counselor in Coeur d'Alene, ID
Dr. Tammy S. Cain
Pastoral Counselor, DTh-CPP, MTh, BCCC, BCPC, CMHC
Verified Verified
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
Dr. Tammy S Cain has nearly two decades of experience helping people find their best version of themselves. She listens carefully and provides the safe space for you to author a new story for your life. She empathetically hears the self-similar repeating patterns of failures or frustrations you may be battling to overcome. She has experience in counseling, coaching, teaching, crisis intervention and negotiating. She believes no one should suffer alone. She works with all ages, allowing each to know the value of their accurate authentic honesty and ability to resiliently exist in healthy thriving relationships.
Dr. Tammy S Cain has nearly two decades of experience helping people find their best version of themselves. She listens carefully and provides the safe space for you to author a new story for your life. She empathetically hears the self-similar repeating patterns of failures or frustrations you may be battling to overcome. She has experience in counseling, coaching, teaching, crisis intervention and negotiating. She believes no one should suffer alone. She works with all ages, allowing each to know the value of their accurate authentic honesty and ability to resiliently exist in healthy thriving relationships.
(208) 358-8626 View (208) 358-8626

See more therapy options for Coeur d'Alene

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Coeur d'Alene, ID

100+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Coeur d'Alene, ID who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
78% Trauma and PTSD
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
68% Coping Skills
65% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

67% Blue Cross
65% BlueCross and BlueShield
63% Regence

How Therapists in Coeur d'Alene, ID see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
25% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Coeur d'Alene?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.