Therapists in Scotts Valley, CA

Photo of Alicia Danforth, Psychologist in Scotts Valley, CA
Alicia Danforth
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scotts Valley, CA 95066  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
If you're on the autism spectrum, difficulties navigating the social world might be a source of anxiety, confusion, disappointment, fear, or sadness for you. You don't need an official autism or Asperger's diagnosis to benefit from working with a therapist who knows how to connect with clients who have autistic traits. I want to help you feel more comfortable in social settings so you can have more fulfilling connections at home, at work, in your community, and with yourself. About half of my clients are women, and my practice is as gender-diverse as it is neurodiverse.
If you're on the autism spectrum, difficulties navigating the social world might be a source of anxiety, confusion, disappointment, fear, or sadness for you. You don't need an official autism or Asperger's diagnosis to benefit from working with a therapist who knows how to connect with clients who have autistic traits. I want to help you feel more comfortable in social settings so you can have more fulfilling connections at home, at work, in your community, and with yourself. About half of my clients are women, and my practice is as gender-diverse as it is neurodiverse.
(408) 520-2611 View (408) 520-2611
Photo of Maria Cecilia M Balala, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Scotts Valley, CA
Maria Cecilia M Balala
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, MS, MBA
Verified Verified
Scotts Valley, CA 95066
Life can be hard at times especially while navigating it alone. Maria understands the importance of having a therapist that provides a safe place to process during these difficult times. She is dedicated to helping individuals, couples, and families cope with life challenges with compassion and empathy. She uses evidence-based therapy such as CBT, DBT, solution focused, narrative, and emotion focused, depending on what they need. It has been incredibly fulfilling for her to see clients make progress and reach their goals for therapy.
Life can be hard at times especially while navigating it alone. Maria understands the importance of having a therapist that provides a safe place to process during these difficult times. She is dedicated to helping individuals, couples, and families cope with life challenges with compassion and empathy. She uses evidence-based therapy such as CBT, DBT, solution focused, narrative, and emotion focused, depending on what they need. It has been incredibly fulfilling for her to see clients make progress and reach their goals for therapy.
(408) 782-4613 View (408) 782-4613
Photo of Sara Miller, Marriage & Family Therapist in Scotts Valley, CA
Sara Miller
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scotts Valley, CA 95066
Therapy is much more than just "feeling better." It is about the process of understanding how you think, how you feel, and how you can discover the resiliency you have within yourself. As a therapist, it is always an honor to have my clients place their trust in me as I watch them grow. I work with issues including depression, anxiety disorders, cutting, and suicidal ideation. I also love to use my art therapy credential into sessions when appropriate because let's be honest, sitting on a couch talking about feelings is not for everyone!
Therapy is much more than just "feeling better." It is about the process of understanding how you think, how you feel, and how you can discover the resiliency you have within yourself. As a therapist, it is always an honor to have my clients place their trust in me as I watch them grow. I work with issues including depression, anxiety disorders, cutting, and suicidal ideation. I also love to use my art therapy credential into sessions when appropriate because let's be honest, sitting on a couch talking about feelings is not for everyone!
(831) 216-3058 View (831) 216-3058
Photo of Cassia Bloom, Marriage & Family Therapist in Scotts Valley, CA
Cassia Bloom
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scotts Valley, CA 95066
I am a compassionate, professional psychotherapist with an individualized way of treating each client. I believe each person has the strength inside themselves for change and healing. It is my role to identify your personal style and help you find the clarity you need to make necessary life changes. In doing so I utilize many theoretical approaches including; psychodynamic, existential/humanistic, solution focused and cognitive behavioral.
I am a compassionate, professional psychotherapist with an individualized way of treating each client. I believe each person has the strength inside themselves for change and healing. It is my role to identify your personal style and help you find the clarity you need to make necessary life changes. In doing so I utilize many theoretical approaches including; psychodynamic, existential/humanistic, solution focused and cognitive behavioral.
(831) 824-4500 View (831) 824-4500
Photo of Cynthia Heim, Psychologist in Scotts Valley, CA
Cynthia Heim
Psychologist, PsyD, MSN
Verified Verified
Scotts Valley, CA 95066
I love working with people to help them build a deeper relationship with themselves – their inner world and emotional core. By learning how to connect with and attend to what lies within, clients develop the skills to lean into personal challenges, transform them, and understand their deep yearnings in the process. In turn, clients become empowered and build lives that are aligned with who they are and what they want for themselves. I strongly feel that therapy is a collaborative process, and the “work” a client engages with in their day to day life is also so important.
I love working with people to help them build a deeper relationship with themselves – their inner world and emotional core. By learning how to connect with and attend to what lies within, clients develop the skills to lean into personal challenges, transform them, and understand their deep yearnings in the process. In turn, clients become empowered and build lives that are aligned with who they are and what they want for themselves. I strongly feel that therapy is a collaborative process, and the “work” a client engages with in their day to day life is also so important.
(831) 216-7962 View (831) 216-7962
Photo of Gia Maramba, Psychologist in Scotts Valley, CA
Gia Maramba
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Scotts Valley, CA 95066  (Online Only)
Even in moments when what we were born with (i.e., nature), how we were raised (i.e., nurture), or our capacity to act in our best interests (i.e., abilities) may seem to come up short in dealing with life's challenges, each of us can compassionately challenge ourselves to get to where we want to be. A psychotherapist can be a partner in the journey to understanding and accepting what needs to be done, and taking the necessary steps for change to happen.
Even in moments when what we were born with (i.e., nature), how we were raised (i.e., nurture), or our capacity to act in our best interests (i.e., abilities) may seem to come up short in dealing with life's challenges, each of us can compassionately challenge ourselves to get to where we want to be. A psychotherapist can be a partner in the journey to understanding and accepting what needs to be done, and taking the necessary steps for change to happen.
(650) 231-4631 View (650) 231-4631
Photo of Lacy Elizabeth Warne, Marriage & Family Therapist in Scotts Valley, CA
Lacy Elizabeth Warne
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT-I
Verified Verified
Scotts Valley, CA 95066
Anxiety is awful: the constant worries, feelings of fear and discomfort in your body, and the continual striving for peace of mind that seems just out of your grasp. Telling yourself to just "calm down" doesn't help. For many sufferers, the behavioral effects and consequences of anxiety; including poor relationships, hair pulling or skin picking, low self esteem, shame, and/or obsessive tendencies can be devastating.
Anxiety is awful: the constant worries, feelings of fear and discomfort in your body, and the continual striving for peace of mind that seems just out of your grasp. Telling yourself to just "calm down" doesn't help. For many sufferers, the behavioral effects and consequences of anxiety; including poor relationships, hair pulling or skin picking, low self esteem, shame, and/or obsessive tendencies can be devastating.
(408) 606-9895 View (408) 606-9895
Photo of Heather Franks, Marriage & Family Therapist in Scotts Valley, CA
Heather Franks
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, #109884
Verified Verified
Scotts Valley, CA 95066
I support clients to live happy and meaningful lives and help them make changes that bring about well-being and transformation. I have a passion to support individuals, couples and families through many different life transitions (from adjusting to college, marriage, divorce, births, loss, retirement, coping with illness, and caregiving). I help clients with a range of relationship issues—from marriage/romantic partner conflict, communication issues in relationships, resolving issues in friendships, co-parenting, parent-child issues, loss of relationship & grief work, contemplation of separation, and exploring unhealthy patterns.
I support clients to live happy and meaningful lives and help them make changes that bring about well-being and transformation. I have a passion to support individuals, couples and families through many different life transitions (from adjusting to college, marriage, divorce, births, loss, retirement, coping with illness, and caregiving). I help clients with a range of relationship issues—from marriage/romantic partner conflict, communication issues in relationships, resolving issues in friendships, co-parenting, parent-child issues, loss of relationship & grief work, contemplation of separation, and exploring unhealthy patterns.
(831) 435-6316 View (831) 435-6316
Photo of Gaia Somasca, Pre-Licensed Professional in Scotts Valley, CA
Gaia Somasca
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Scotts Valley, CA 95067
Are you feeling stuck like stagnating water of a creek that no longer flows? Or are you struggling in your relationships? Certain seasons test us to our core. My experience as a therapist and as a client shows me that we have the capacity to recover our vitality. I am here to support your journey of healing and growth. Even after traumas, losses, oppression, and experiences that are too painful for our bodies and spirits to carry alone, there is a path of healing that can re-energize your life and spirit. While you are the expert on your life, I am here to facilitate awareness, self-compassion and inner shifts. Your new life awaits!
Are you feeling stuck like stagnating water of a creek that no longer flows? Or are you struggling in your relationships? Certain seasons test us to our core. My experience as a therapist and as a client shows me that we have the capacity to recover our vitality. I am here to support your journey of healing and growth. Even after traumas, losses, oppression, and experiences that are too painful for our bodies and spirits to carry alone, there is a path of healing that can re-energize your life and spirit. While you are the expert on your life, I am here to facilitate awareness, self-compassion and inner shifts. Your new life awaits!
(831) 249-2251 View (831) 249-2251
Photo of Nicole Saad Hofschneider, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scotts Valley, CA
Nicole Saad Hofschneider
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Scotts Valley, CA 95066
Not accepting new clients
Hi there! I know finding a therapist can be daunting, and hope my profile helps you to decide if we will be a good fit. I have been doing this work for several years and find that providing a safe place for people to find hope, peace, healing, connection, and laughter is the most rewarding (and sometimes hardest) work we do in therapy. I have worked with clients and families of all ages and backgrounds and have found that we usually ask for help when we no longer know how to make things better. We all deserve healthy, hopeful lives and relationships, and therapy is a place to build the skills to help you find those things.
Hi there! I know finding a therapist can be daunting, and hope my profile helps you to decide if we will be a good fit. I have been doing this work for several years and find that providing a safe place for people to find hope, peace, healing, connection, and laughter is the most rewarding (and sometimes hardest) work we do in therapy. I have worked with clients and families of all ages and backgrounds and have found that we usually ask for help when we no longer know how to make things better. We all deserve healthy, hopeful lives and relationships, and therapy is a place to build the skills to help you find those things.
(831) 264-0360 View (831) 264-0360
Photo of Cindy May, Psychologist in Scotts Valley, CA
Cindy May
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Scotts Valley, CA 95066
Perfectionism, procrastination, social withdrawal, and oppositional behaviors can be a common part of child development in today's culture of hyper-achievement combined with technology. Child and adolescent behaviors viewed as problematic are frequently communications to those closest to them about a difficulty they are experiencing in their world. I work with children and with families who are struggling to understand their child's academic, behavioral, and emotional struggles.
Perfectionism, procrastination, social withdrawal, and oppositional behaviors can be a common part of child development in today's culture of hyper-achievement combined with technology. Child and adolescent behaviors viewed as problematic are frequently communications to those closest to them about a difficulty they are experiencing in their world. I work with children and with families who are struggling to understand their child's academic, behavioral, and emotional struggles.
(831) 278-3462 View (831) 278-3462
Photo of Kara R Kasteen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scotts Valley, CA
Kara R Kasteen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Scotts Valley, CA 95066
I OFFER TELEHEALTH SESSIONS. My goal as a therapist is to help you move through challenges and get to a better place in life. Changing the past may not be possible but we can focus on how to make your future more fulfilling. If you're looking for support and direction through a difficult situation or you're ready to make changes in how you live your life, please feel free to email me for the fastest response.
I OFFER TELEHEALTH SESSIONS. My goal as a therapist is to help you move through challenges and get to a better place in life. Changing the past may not be possible but we can focus on how to make your future more fulfilling. If you're looking for support and direction through a difficult situation or you're ready to make changes in how you live your life, please feel free to email me for the fastest response.
(408) 800-4544 View (408) 800-4544
Photo of Chimene Lee, Marriage & Family Therapist in Scotts Valley, CA
Chimene Lee
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CCHT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scotts Valley, CA 95066  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
*ATTENTION* : Due to COVID, I am currently working exclusively online only. Telehealth can be powerful and effective. Welcome, and congratulations on taking the first step toward creating change. Seeking a therapist can feel like a big deal, so it's important to find one who is a good match. I am here to help you, by creating a warm and collaborative therapeutic environment that honors each client's unique intuitive wisdom. I offer a non-pathologizing and empowering understanding of human issues, assuming each person has the capacity to transform, both within themselves, and in their relationships with others.
*ATTENTION* : Due to COVID, I am currently working exclusively online only. Telehealth can be powerful and effective. Welcome, and congratulations on taking the first step toward creating change. Seeking a therapist can feel like a big deal, so it's important to find one who is a good match. I am here to help you, by creating a warm and collaborative therapeutic environment that honors each client's unique intuitive wisdom. I offer a non-pathologizing and empowering understanding of human issues, assuming each person has the capacity to transform, both within themselves, and in their relationships with others.
(831) 269-5016 View (831) 269-5016
Photo of Pamela J. Clements, Marriage & Family Therapist in Scotts Valley, CA
Pamela J. Clements
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Scotts Valley, CA 95066
I believe that healing and growth are innate human capacities which can become overwhelmed by powerful and/or chronic stressors. My priorities for our healing relationship are to ensure a sense of safety for you in the therapy process, as well as collaborativity. I have developed a process that I call Developmental Mindfulness to promote wellness on the somatic, emotional, and cognitive levels of human experience. I integrate somatic modalities, archetypal psychology, art therapy, play therapy, the fundamentals of qigong and yoga, Internal Family Systems, narrative strategies, cognitive strategies, and nutritional psychology.
I believe that healing and growth are innate human capacities which can become overwhelmed by powerful and/or chronic stressors. My priorities for our healing relationship are to ensure a sense of safety for you in the therapy process, as well as collaborativity. I have developed a process that I call Developmental Mindfulness to promote wellness on the somatic, emotional, and cognitive levels of human experience. I integrate somatic modalities, archetypal psychology, art therapy, play therapy, the fundamentals of qigong and yoga, Internal Family Systems, narrative strategies, cognitive strategies, and nutritional psychology.
(831) 508-7217 View (831) 508-7217
Photo of Brian Peter Heery in Scotts Valley, CA
Brian Peter Heery
PhD, SEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scotts Valley, CA 95066
As an experienced Somatic Experiencing practitioner, educator, and coach, I've seen the positive impact this modality has had on many individuals. As a fifth-degree black belt in Aikido, I can help you practice and discover how to strengthen your own center and ground, increasing your experience of balance and stability. Since earning a Ph.D. in Transpersonal Psychology in 2003 I've worked with corporations, and individuals in various settings bringing the exploration of the intersection of the body, mind, and spirit to people of all backgrounds. I have the background and insight to help you in your personal healing journey.
As an experienced Somatic Experiencing practitioner, educator, and coach, I've seen the positive impact this modality has had on many individuals. As a fifth-degree black belt in Aikido, I can help you practice and discover how to strengthen your own center and ground, increasing your experience of balance and stability. Since earning a Ph.D. in Transpersonal Psychology in 2003 I've worked with corporations, and individuals in various settings bringing the exploration of the intersection of the body, mind, and spirit to people of all backgrounds. I have the background and insight to help you in your personal healing journey.
(831) 851-2618 View (831) 851-2618
Photo of Erin Burton | Brainspotting Intensives, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scotts Valley, CA
Erin Burton | Brainspotting Intensives
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Scotts Valley, CA 95066
You’ve read all the self-help books, listened to podcasts, and have been in weekly therapy, but still feel like you are just trying to survive between sessions. You feel like your relationships are really suffering because your traumatic experiences get in the way of feeling safe with others. You continue to feel triggered by things that you thought you had worked through. All this work has not gotten to the bottom of your symptoms, difficulties, or negative self-talk. You need help right now and you don’t want to continue to spend months or even years in weekly traditional talk therapy.
You’ve read all the self-help books, listened to podcasts, and have been in weekly therapy, but still feel like you are just trying to survive between sessions. You feel like your relationships are really suffering because your traumatic experiences get in the way of feeling safe with others. You continue to feel triggered by things that you thought you had worked through. All this work has not gotten to the bottom of your symptoms, difficulties, or negative self-talk. You need help right now and you don’t want to continue to spend months or even years in weekly traditional talk therapy.
(831) 278-4340 View (831) 278-4340
Photo of Andrew Pflueger, Marriage & Family Therapist in Scotts Valley, CA
Andrew Pflueger
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Scotts Valley, CA 95066
My approach to therapy is to encourage a persons strengths; which, by using their history as a guide, we together, focus on finding practical ways to bring healing and hope to their present challenges. I often work with couples who are wanting to improve communication and closeness, individuals in their teens through mid 50's who are trying to realize their individuality, and children struggling with issues they are unsure how to cope with.
My approach to therapy is to encourage a persons strengths; which, by using their history as a guide, we together, focus on finding practical ways to bring healing and hope to their present challenges. I often work with couples who are wanting to improve communication and closeness, individuals in their teens through mid 50's who are trying to realize their individuality, and children struggling with issues they are unsure how to cope with.
(831) 234-1814 View (831) 234-1814
Photo of Kathryn Vroomen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Scotts Valley, CA
Kathryn Vroomen
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Scotts Valley, CA 95066
I have been told that I bring hope to situations, experiences and behaviors that often feel hopeless. Specializing in working with families, children, adolescents and parents, I work collaboratively with client/s to identify and develop goals, and a road map of how we will know that these goals are being met as we work together. I work actively with clients using their knowledge and strengths towards reaching their goals.
I have been told that I bring hope to situations, experiences and behaviors that often feel hopeless. Specializing in working with families, children, adolescents and parents, I work collaboratively with client/s to identify and develop goals, and a road map of how we will know that these goals are being met as we work together. I work actively with clients using their knowledge and strengths towards reaching their goals.
(831) 272-4998 View (831) 272-4998
Photo of Dawn Marie Wingert, Marriage & Family Therapist in Scotts Valley, CA
Dawn Marie Wingert
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
Scotts Valley, CA 95066
Waitlist for new clients
You deserve to be respected as a unique individual, regardless of your age, race, religion, sexual orientation, or gender identity. I believe that each and every person that comes to counseling has a unique life experience and unique concerns that they bring into the counseling room. My goal is to meet each client where they are, and work along side them to help them achieve the goals they have come to counseling hoping to achieve. I enjoy working with individuals, couples, and families, drawing from a variety of research-based treatment modalities based on the needs of the particular client.
You deserve to be respected as a unique individual, regardless of your age, race, religion, sexual orientation, or gender identity. I believe that each and every person that comes to counseling has a unique life experience and unique concerns that they bring into the counseling room. My goal is to meet each client where they are, and work along side them to help them achieve the goals they have come to counseling hoping to achieve. I enjoy working with individuals, couples, and families, drawing from a variety of research-based treatment modalities based on the needs of the particular client.
(831) 256-3271 View (831) 256-3271
Photo of Dave Chicoine, Marriage & Family Therapist in Scotts Valley, CA
Dave Chicoine
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Scotts Valley, CA 95066  (Online Only)
Need to vent? Frustrated things aren't going your way? Time to live a meaningful and purposeful life free from anxiety, depression, and relationship conflict. Live your best, with high confidence and self-esteem to pursue your vision.
Need to vent? Frustrated things aren't going your way? Time to live a meaningful and purposeful life free from anxiety, depression, and relationship conflict. Live your best, with high confidence and self-esteem to pursue your vision.
(831) 888-2152 View (831) 888-2152

See more therapy options for Scotts Valley

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Scotts Valley, CA

90+

Average cost per session

$170

Therapists in Scotts Valley, CA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
83% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
79% Trauma and PTSD
71% Self Esteem
70% Grief
70% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

52% Beacon Health Options | Carelon
39% Other
36% MHN | Health Net

How Therapists in Scotts Valley, CA see their clients

81% In Person and Online
19% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Scotts Valley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.