Therapists in Knoxville, TN

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Photo of Tamara Diaz-Hart, Marriage & Family Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Tamara Diaz-Hart
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37909
Tammy has been practicing as a Licensed Marital and Family Therapist in Tennessee since 1999. She believes life is a journey and we all need supportive people. She strives to offer a non-judgmental and empathetic environment while teaching practical coping skills. Tammy counsels' individuals, families, parents, youth, and group therapy. Tammy provides therapy for depression and anxiety, addictions, chronic mental illness, anger management, ADHD, cultural and ethnic issues, parenting, spirituality, and grief. She offers individual therapy for thirteen and up, and family therapy for all ages.
Tammy has been practicing as a Licensed Marital and Family Therapist in Tennessee since 1999. She believes life is a journey and we all need supportive people. She strives to offer a non-judgmental and empathetic environment while teaching practical coping skills. Tammy counsels' individuals, families, parents, youth, and group therapy. Tammy provides therapy for depression and anxiety, addictions, chronic mental illness, anger management, ADHD, cultural and ethnic issues, parenting, spirituality, and grief. She offers individual therapy for thirteen and up, and family therapy for all ages.
(865) 205-6482 View (865) 205-6482
Photo of Connections Integrated Wellness, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Connections Integrated Wellness, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
We believe healing and change is possible despite the challenges (or upbringings) we face. We invite you to be curious about all the possibilities that come along with recovery and restoration. Anytime we start something new, it can feel scary and overwhelming. Connection and co-regulation foster safety, awareness, and self-compassion. Our team specializes in addiction and recovery but can accomodate most referrals if it feels like a good fit. Each practitioner on our team is experienced in treating substance misuse, and each person also embodies unique training and life experience.
We believe healing and change is possible despite the challenges (or upbringings) we face. We invite you to be curious about all the possibilities that come along with recovery and restoration. Anytime we start something new, it can feel scary and overwhelming. Connection and co-regulation foster safety, awareness, and self-compassion. Our team specializes in addiction and recovery but can accomodate most referrals if it feels like a good fit. Each practitioner on our team is experienced in treating substance misuse, and each person also embodies unique training and life experience.
(865) 205-0896 View (865) 205-0896
Photo of Nathan West, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Nathan West
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37917
At one point or another, we all feel worn down, disconnected, or just "stuck." Maybe it's a stressful situation or an ongoing problem that won't seem to resolve, or perhaps it's hard to identify a reason at all. In these moments, my goal is to join others where they are and work together toward peace and positive change. I hope to provide a place where you can re-examine how you've come to see yourself and others, learn skills for identifying and managing challenges you're facing, and open up to re-engage in the connections most important to you.
At one point or another, we all feel worn down, disconnected, or just "stuck." Maybe it's a stressful situation or an ongoing problem that won't seem to resolve, or perhaps it's hard to identify a reason at all. In these moments, my goal is to join others where they are and work together toward peace and positive change. I hope to provide a place where you can re-examine how you've come to see yourself and others, learn skills for identifying and managing challenges you're facing, and open up to re-engage in the connections most important to you.
(865) 213-2114 View (865) 213-2114
Photo of Hannah Kristian Monarch, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Hannah Kristian Monarch
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Waitlist for new clients
I work with a range of clients and issues, but specialize in dissociation and complex trauma in addition to work with teens, young adults, and the LGBTQIA+ community. My biggest strengths as a counselor are my empathy and open-mindedness. I meet clients where they are at, tailoring our work to your preferences and needs, whether you would benefit most from talk therapy, skill building, trauma processing, or a combination of these. This supports building individualized treatment plans and applying creative and validating techniques.
I work with a range of clients and issues, but specialize in dissociation and complex trauma in addition to work with teens, young adults, and the LGBTQIA+ community. My biggest strengths as a counselor are my empathy and open-mindedness. I meet clients where they are at, tailoring our work to your preferences and needs, whether you would benefit most from talk therapy, skill building, trauma processing, or a combination of these. This supports building individualized treatment plans and applying creative and validating techniques.
(865) 309-9418 View (865) 309-9418
Photo of Gray Bryant, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Gray Bryant
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I have experience as a therapist in outpatient mental health clinics, inpatient psychiatric hospitals, cancer treatment facilities, substance abuse treatment centers and schools. With 10 years of serving both individuals and family systems, I have addressed a vast array of symptoms related to mental health concerns. I tend to focus on the whole body and its connections. I understand counseling as growth, much in the same way a tree grows. In counseling we honor our roots, noting where we came from while stretching our branches high and reaching for what we wish to become.
I have experience as a therapist in outpatient mental health clinics, inpatient psychiatric hospitals, cancer treatment facilities, substance abuse treatment centers and schools. With 10 years of serving both individuals and family systems, I have addressed a vast array of symptoms related to mental health concerns. I tend to focus on the whole body and its connections. I understand counseling as growth, much in the same way a tree grows. In counseling we honor our roots, noting where we came from while stretching our branches high and reaching for what we wish to become.
(865) 217-0518 View (865) 217-0518
Photo of Chamberli C Kane, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Chamberli C Kane
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37902  (Online Only)
I love to work with people who are struggling and may be going through a hard trial or something traumatic. It may be divorce, betrayal, death of a loved one, or any number of things. Maybe they are struggling to find hope and encouragement. Maybe they are going through a financial hardship, a health journey, or any number of difficulties.
I love to work with people who are struggling and may be going through a hard trial or something traumatic. It may be divorce, betrayal, death of a loved one, or any number of things. Maybe they are struggling to find hope and encouragement. Maybe they are going through a financial hardship, a health journey, or any number of difficulties.
(865) 800-3802 View (865) 800-3802
Photo of Shelby Buffin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Shelby Buffin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923  (Online Only)
Hey there, I'm Shelby. I know the decision to start therapy isn't always the easy one but I hope to provide a space for you to grow. In my practice, I focus on helping individuals experiencing depression, anxiety, stress, burn out, relationship dynamic issues, self-esteem issues, and life transitions. I focus on providing an environment that feels collaborative, welcoming, and supportive while I help individuals learn and grow.
Hey there, I'm Shelby. I know the decision to start therapy isn't always the easy one but I hope to provide a space for you to grow. In my practice, I focus on helping individuals experiencing depression, anxiety, stress, burn out, relationship dynamic issues, self-esteem issues, and life transitions. I focus on providing an environment that feels collaborative, welcoming, and supportive while I help individuals learn and grow.
(865) 503-5197 View (865) 503-5197
Photo of Christopher D Watkins, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Christopher D Watkins
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37909
Waitlist for new clients
I use a Cyclical Psychodynamic approach. This is an integrative approach to therapy, which combines empirically supported therapies- relational psychodynamics, cognitive-behavioral therapy, attachment theory, and family systems theory. It works by creating corrective emotional experiences in therapy and developing new ways of interacting with others outside of therapy. This process facilitates increased awareness, resilience, better strategies, and increased effectiveness.
I use a Cyclical Psychodynamic approach. This is an integrative approach to therapy, which combines empirically supported therapies- relational psychodynamics, cognitive-behavioral therapy, attachment theory, and family systems theory. It works by creating corrective emotional experiences in therapy and developing new ways of interacting with others outside of therapy. This process facilitates increased awareness, resilience, better strategies, and increased effectiveness.
(865) 264-2400 View (865) 264-2400
Photo of Rachel Cox, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Rachel Cox
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! Helping individuals to heal from their pasts and grow into the best version of themselves is something I truly love. Today, we know that trauma settles into our brains and bodies in ways that time cannot fully heal (despite the old adage, “time heals everything”) . Would you like to be more present in your daily life, have a healthier relationship to yourself and others? I would love to work together to help you heal from your past, so that you can live life more fully today.
Hello! Helping individuals to heal from their pasts and grow into the best version of themselves is something I truly love. Today, we know that trauma settles into our brains and bodies in ways that time cannot fully heal (despite the old adage, “time heals everything”) . Would you like to be more present in your daily life, have a healthier relationship to yourself and others? I would love to work together to help you heal from your past, so that you can live life more fully today.
(865) 328-9538 View (865) 328-9538
Photo of Brandon Banks, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Brandon Banks
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37909
Brandon Banks is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Tennessee. He has a BS and MSC from Milligan College. Brandon has worked both in inpatient and outpatient settings, working with a wide range of concerns such as suicidal ideation, depression, anxiety, addiction, alcohol and drug use issues, mood disorders, adjustment disorders, and communication problems. His therapeutic approach is inclusive and focused on building a relationship with each client. Brandon believes this process allows both he and the client to develop a plan for them to see change in a timely manner!
Brandon Banks is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Tennessee. He has a BS and MSC from Milligan College. Brandon has worked both in inpatient and outpatient settings, working with a wide range of concerns such as suicidal ideation, depression, anxiety, addiction, alcohol and drug use issues, mood disorders, adjustment disorders, and communication problems. His therapeutic approach is inclusive and focused on building a relationship with each client. Brandon believes this process allows both he and the client to develop a plan for them to see change in a timely manner!
(865) 465-5240 View (865) 465-5240
Photo of Mark H. Barnes, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Mark H. Barnes
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37919
I welcome people with a wide range of life issues, including depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties and general stress, as well as children and adolescents with behavioral, emotional and attentional problems. My approach is tailored to your needs and goals, but usually includes a focus on understanding how you got where you are. This kind of insight can be vitally important in figuring out a practical way to get to a better place in life. When working with kids and teens, I always involve their parents to some extent, so they can better understand and help their children.
I welcome people with a wide range of life issues, including depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties and general stress, as well as children and adolescents with behavioral, emotional and attentional problems. My approach is tailored to your needs and goals, but usually includes a focus on understanding how you got where you are. This kind of insight can be vitally important in figuring out a practical way to get to a better place in life. When working with kids and teens, I always involve their parents to some extent, so they can better understand and help their children.
(865) 275-5913 View (865) 275-5913
Photo of Samantha Perkins, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Samantha Perkins
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37901
I specialize in working with autistic and neurodivergent indviduals. Throughout my career I have advocated for my clients’ needs in the educational system, community agencies, and in higher education. I have encountered several barriers in these settings, including a lack of support in providing equal access and accommodations to neurodivergent individuals. This has guided me to focus my skills on providing a safe therapeutic environment that fosters accessibility, diversity, and inclusion.
I specialize in working with autistic and neurodivergent indviduals. Throughout my career I have advocated for my clients’ needs in the educational system, community agencies, and in higher education. I have encountered several barriers in these settings, including a lack of support in providing equal access and accommodations to neurodivergent individuals. This has guided me to focus my skills on providing a safe therapeutic environment that fosters accessibility, diversity, and inclusion.
(865) 290-2405 View (865) 290-2405
Photo of Meirav Matityahou, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Meirav Matityahou
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37919
We all differ in meaningful ways, and therefore, therapy is different with each person. With careful, non-judgmental, and respectful listening, I hope you will feel deeply understood and hopeful, and we will be able to work together in a genuine, collaborative way. I work with adults with different difficulties and emotional struggles like depression, anxiety, trauma, identity, relationship issues, LGBT, cancer, life transitions and losses. Being of an international background and past military service, I value diversity and am deeply attuned to your unique background (cultural, ethnic, gender, sexual orientation) and its effect on your individuality.
We all differ in meaningful ways, and therefore, therapy is different with each person. With careful, non-judgmental, and respectful listening, I hope you will feel deeply understood and hopeful, and we will be able to work together in a genuine, collaborative way. I work with adults with different difficulties and emotional struggles like depression, anxiety, trauma, identity, relationship issues, LGBT, cancer, life transitions and losses. Being of an international background and past military service, I value diversity and am deeply attuned to your unique background (cultural, ethnic, gender, sexual orientation) and its effect on your individuality.
(865) 622-9450 View (865) 622-9450
Photo of Natasha Schwinn, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Natasha Schwinn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37919  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, or other challenges in your daily life? As a counselor, I can help you identify your goals, develop coping skills, and navigate difficult situations in a supportive and non-judgmental environment.
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, or other challenges in your daily life? As a counselor, I can help you identify your goals, develop coping skills, and navigate difficult situations in a supportive and non-judgmental environment.
(865) 419-3811 View (865) 419-3811
Photo of Hilary Haverkamp, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Hilary Haverkamp
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37909
Hilary is a licensed clinical social worker with over 16 years of experience treating children, adolescents, and families with a variety of behavioral health concerns, in a wide range of settings, and using multiple evidence-based models of treatment. Her work historically focused on children, adolescents, and families, and this background informs her understanding of and empathy for adults seeking therapy now. Hilary especially loves working with women and couples experiencing infertility, issues that might impact pregnancy, and postpartum disorders.
Hilary is a licensed clinical social worker with over 16 years of experience treating children, adolescents, and families with a variety of behavioral health concerns, in a wide range of settings, and using multiple evidence-based models of treatment. Her work historically focused on children, adolescents, and families, and this background informs her understanding of and empathy for adults seeking therapy now. Hilary especially loves working with women and couples experiencing infertility, issues that might impact pregnancy, and postpartum disorders.
(865) 674-1791 View (865) 674-1791
Photo of Melissa Whelpley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Melissa Whelpley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37909
Ms. Whelpley works with ages 4 years old through adults. She works with individuals as well as families. She is trained in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) as well as Trauma Focused Coginitive Behavioral Therapy, Attachment, Self Regulation and Competency, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy and Play Therapy.
Ms. Whelpley works with ages 4 years old through adults. She works with individuals as well as families. She is trained in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) as well as Trauma Focused Coginitive Behavioral Therapy, Attachment, Self Regulation and Competency, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy and Play Therapy.
(865) 205-7427 View (865) 205-7427
Photo of Alicia D Stipes, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Alicia D Stipes
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37921
Trauma comes in many forms. I believe regardless of what your trauma, it is incredibly important that it be addressed and processed. Like an infection, untreated trauma can fester into depression, anxiety, substance abuse, or a large number of other conditions. Trauma impacts individuals of all ages, genders, and races. I have experience working with a diverse population of clients. I also have experience working with clients who are employed as first responders or healthcare workers as I have been a first responder for many years.
Trauma comes in many forms. I believe regardless of what your trauma, it is incredibly important that it be addressed and processed. Like an infection, untreated trauma can fester into depression, anxiety, substance abuse, or a large number of other conditions. Trauma impacts individuals of all ages, genders, and races. I have experience working with a diverse population of clients. I also have experience working with clients who are employed as first responders or healthcare workers as I have been a first responder for many years.
(865) 321-9425 View (865) 321-9425
Photo of Misty Davis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Misty Davis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
The decision to enter into therapy can be a difficult one. When you have tried everything you can think of to feel better but nothing seems works, it can be disheartening. I will work with you collaboratively so you can become more proactive and can start living your life on purpose. I often work with clients that feel stuck or just tried of walking through the day to day routine of their life without experiencing joy. Therapy is a confidential place to explore and process what is emotionally affecting you, to understand your roadblocks, and ultimately to discover a better path forward.
The decision to enter into therapy can be a difficult one. When you have tried everything you can think of to feel better but nothing seems works, it can be disheartening. I will work with you collaboratively so you can become more proactive and can start living your life on purpose. I often work with clients that feel stuck or just tried of walking through the day to day routine of their life without experiencing joy. Therapy is a confidential place to explore and process what is emotionally affecting you, to understand your roadblocks, and ultimately to discover a better path forward.
(865) 234-3226 View (865) 234-3226
Photo of Leigh M Owens, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Leigh M Owens
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
I UNDERSTAND! I understand trauma, addiction and I understand pain. I have been in recovery from substance abuse and everything that comes with it since January of 1991.I know what it means to journey from a place of brokenness to a place of wholeness. Addiction and other maladaptive behaviors are just SYMPTOMS of a deeper rooted problem. If you feel like you KNOW what to do but just cannot seem to make yourself do it chances are you have unprocessed issues. If you are in need of support for yourself, or a loved one I would love to help you navigate the road of this journey.
I UNDERSTAND! I understand trauma, addiction and I understand pain. I have been in recovery from substance abuse and everything that comes with it since January of 1991.I know what it means to journey from a place of brokenness to a place of wholeness. Addiction and other maladaptive behaviors are just SYMPTOMS of a deeper rooted problem. If you feel like you KNOW what to do but just cannot seem to make yourself do it chances are you have unprocessed issues. If you are in need of support for yourself, or a loved one I would love to help you navigate the road of this journey.
(865) 276-8180 View (865) 276-8180
Photo of Insightful Journey™ Therapy Services, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Insightful Journey™ Therapy Services, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
You’ve heard that life is a journey. Actually, we believe that life is about multiple journeys. Perhaps your most important is the exploration to help you heal. It is the one where you gain insight into your mind and heart. At Insightful Journey, we serve as your guides to help you overcome roadblocks such as depression, anxiety, and trauma that are preventing you from being successful. Everyone’s quest is unique, so we take a personalized approach to help get you on track to reach your destination.
You’ve heard that life is a journey. Actually, we believe that life is about multiple journeys. Perhaps your most important is the exploration to help you heal. It is the one where you gain insight into your mind and heart. At Insightful Journey, we serve as your guides to help you overcome roadblocks such as depression, anxiety, and trauma that are preventing you from being successful. Everyone’s quest is unique, so we take a personalized approach to help get you on track to reach your destination.
(865) 518-7864 View (865) 518-7864

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Knoxville, TN

700+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Knoxville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
72% Self Esteem
66% Coping Skills
65% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
68% Aetna
68% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Knoxville, TN see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Knoxville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.