Therapists in Minneapolis, MN

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Photo of Allie Devney, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Allie Devney
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55413
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in working with couples, families, and individuals (adolescents and adults). Utilizing a collaborative, eclectic approach, I bring warmth, humor, and curiosity to the therapeutic relationship.
I specialize in working with couples, families, and individuals (adolescents and adults). Utilizing a collaborative, eclectic approach, I bring warmth, humor, and curiosity to the therapeutic relationship.
(612) 509-5477 View (612) 509-5477
Photo of Lauren Cummins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Lauren Cummins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55414
Are you feeling lost, uncertain about who you are, or your direction in life? Do you find yourself confused about the things you have experienced and the impact they continue to have on you? Are you seeking a new direction, a way to feel better? Here's some good news: you already have the answers. You are the expert on your own life and deep inside, you already know what you need to heal yourself. My role in our therapeutic relationship will be to help you locate those answers and utilize the wisdom already within you. It would be my honor to partner with you on your journey; to assist you in locating your own internal guiding star.
Are you feeling lost, uncertain about who you are, or your direction in life? Do you find yourself confused about the things you have experienced and the impact they continue to have on you? Are you seeking a new direction, a way to feel better? Here's some good news: you already have the answers. You are the expert on your own life and deep inside, you already know what you need to heal yourself. My role in our therapeutic relationship will be to help you locate those answers and utilize the wisdom already within you. It would be my honor to partner with you on your journey; to assist you in locating your own internal guiding star.
(612) 712-3745 View (612) 712-3745
Photo of James Edwin Chadwick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
James Edwin Chadwick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55447
It’s difficult enough to figure out what you want. But saying it out loud to a partner? That can be even scarier. What if we don’t want the same things? Or, worse still, what if I hurt them? Does any of this sound familiar? Many people live in silence to avoid the pain of hurting another. But at some point that backs up on you. Therapy is your place to give voice to those feelings and decide what, if anything, you want to do with them..
It’s difficult enough to figure out what you want. But saying it out loud to a partner? That can be even scarier. What if we don’t want the same things? Or, worse still, what if I hurt them? Does any of this sound familiar? Many people live in silence to avoid the pain of hurting another. But at some point that backs up on you. Therapy is your place to give voice to those feelings and decide what, if anything, you want to do with them..
(612) 448-3159 View (612) 448-3159
Photo of Rachel J Allyn, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
Rachel J Allyn
Psychologist, PhD, LP, RYT
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55410
I believe it's important to recognize all aspects of your being in the therapy process. This is why I integrate Western medicine (neuroscience, somatic methods and cognitive-behavioral therapy) with Eastern philosophy (Buddhist psychology and Ayurvedic medicine). My role is facilitator, guiding you in changing patterns, improving relationships, living authentically and being your best self. Here is a link to my online schedule to book at your convenience: https://www.schedulicity.com/scheduling/RAP54S
I believe it's important to recognize all aspects of your being in the therapy process. This is why I integrate Western medicine (neuroscience, somatic methods and cognitive-behavioral therapy) with Eastern philosophy (Buddhist psychology and Ayurvedic medicine). My role is facilitator, guiding you in changing patterns, improving relationships, living authentically and being your best self. Here is a link to my online schedule to book at your convenience: https://www.schedulicity.com/scheduling/RAP54S
(952) 479-8521 View (952) 479-8521
Photo of Together Anxiety and OCD Treatment- Tracy Lewis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Together Anxiety and OCD Treatment- Tracy Lewis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55407
Not accepting new clients
Have you found yourself dealing with unwanted thoughts that make you feel awful, and no matter what you do they keep coming back? Maybe you are afraid to talk about them with somebody in fear that they will think bad of you or of something bad happening. And yet this is keeping you stuck. You want the dreadful thoughts to go away, you want to feel better, you want control over your life again. I understand how hard it can be to live with the demands of OCD, and I know how to help.
Have you found yourself dealing with unwanted thoughts that make you feel awful, and no matter what you do they keep coming back? Maybe you are afraid to talk about them with somebody in fear that they will think bad of you or of something bad happening. And yet this is keeping you stuck. You want the dreadful thoughts to go away, you want to feel better, you want control over your life again. I understand how hard it can be to live with the demands of OCD, and I know how to help.
(612) 441-5029 View (612) 441-5029
Photo of Sher Van Fossan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Sher Van Fossan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55413  (Online Only)
Feeling down lately, unable to cope, overwhelmed and nothing seems to lift your spirits? Does stress, anxiety or excessive worry affect your daily routine and your relationships? It might be time to seek help from a licensed professional. Together we concentrate on how you are currently feeling emotionally and physically, how your thoughts and feelings are affecting your relationships and your daily life. We will focus on how we can work together to lift your spirits and help you cope with the challenges that come your way.
Feeling down lately, unable to cope, overwhelmed and nothing seems to lift your spirits? Does stress, anxiety or excessive worry affect your daily routine and your relationships? It might be time to seek help from a licensed professional. Together we concentrate on how you are currently feeling emotionally and physically, how your thoughts and feelings are affecting your relationships and your daily life. We will focus on how we can work together to lift your spirits and help you cope with the challenges that come your way.
(612) 436-0295 View (612) 436-0295
Photo of Jen Rives, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Jen Rives
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55419  (Online Only)
I am part therapist, holding space for life's ambiguities, and part coach, cheering you on. My passion lies in supporting and empowering people to bravely move through the complex transitions that come up in their lives - divorce, infidelity, codependency, and pandemic stress; Today, life has so many unknowns and frightening stressors. We're trying to figure out how to hold onto ourselves, what we know, and the things that we hold dear. Let me help you build up your reserve of relational resources and skills.
I am part therapist, holding space for life's ambiguities, and part coach, cheering you on. My passion lies in supporting and empowering people to bravely move through the complex transitions that come up in their lives - divorce, infidelity, codependency, and pandemic stress; Today, life has so many unknowns and frightening stressors. We're trying to figure out how to hold onto ourselves, what we know, and the things that we hold dear. Let me help you build up your reserve of relational resources and skills.
(612) 360-2485 View (612) 360-2485
Photo of Jayde Wolf, LPC Intern in Minneapolis, MN
Jayde Wolf
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55408
I enjoy working with adolescents, teens, adults, and couples or relational groups. Some of my areas of interest include identity exploration around sexuality and gender, boundaries, anxiety, depression, and relational concerns.
I enjoy working with adolescents, teens, adults, and couples or relational groups. Some of my areas of interest include identity exploration around sexuality and gender, boundaries, anxiety, depression, and relational concerns.
(612) 431-8931 View (612) 431-8931
Photo of Tanya Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Tanya Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55408
Not accepting new clients
Struggling to find balance in your life? Having difficulty quieting your mind? I can help! My approach to therapy is client centered and holistic, I will listen empathetically and address issues with openess and compassion. We will work together to identify the underlying emotional and belief patterns that are keeping you stuck, and build a pathway to living vibrantly again! I am passionate about helping others build confidence and self-esteem, as well as guiding them toward a balance between mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual health.
Struggling to find balance in your life? Having difficulty quieting your mind? I can help! My approach to therapy is client centered and holistic, I will listen empathetically and address issues with openess and compassion. We will work together to identify the underlying emotional and belief patterns that are keeping you stuck, and build a pathway to living vibrantly again! I am passionate about helping others build confidence and self-esteem, as well as guiding them toward a balance between mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual health.
(612) 682-1997 View (612) 682-1997
Photo of Damaris Axelson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Damaris Axelson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55414
I have six years of experience and help adults with anxiety, depression, addiction, coping skills, dual diagnoses, life transitions, relationship issues, stress management, and values and identity. My approach is direct and empathetic, mixing in humor.
I have six years of experience and help adults with anxiety, depression, addiction, coping skills, dual diagnoses, life transitions, relationship issues, stress management, and values and identity. My approach is direct and empathetic, mixing in humor.
(612) 448-9971 View (612) 448-9971
Photo of Kelle A Kirk, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Kelle A Kirk
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403
Have you made significant changes in your life but find yourself stuck in old patterns? Are you in recovery from drugs or alcohol or disordered eating, but still find yourself struggling in other ways? My Name is Kelle Kirk and I help folks in recovery STAY in recovery. Many of us have found out that cutting out the drinking or drugging or changing our relationship to food or our bodies didn't "fix" everything; in some ways, maybe we found things to be more intense or complicated in this new landscape. You have come so far and made such progress, let's work on the being human and truly do something different.
Have you made significant changes in your life but find yourself stuck in old patterns? Are you in recovery from drugs or alcohol or disordered eating, but still find yourself struggling in other ways? My Name is Kelle Kirk and I help folks in recovery STAY in recovery. Many of us have found out that cutting out the drinking or drugging or changing our relationship to food or our bodies didn't "fix" everything; in some ways, maybe we found things to be more intense or complicated in this new landscape. You have come so far and made such progress, let's work on the being human and truly do something different.
(612) 778-3943 View (612) 778-3943
Photo of Albert N Brown, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Albert N Brown
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, JD, MA, PCC, LADC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55412
I have 20 years' combined experience working with culturally, ethnically and generationally diverse clients in therapy, chemical use, restorative justice, and counseling children and families in need. I'm dedicated to enthusiastic, respectful and dynamic interactions as a means of creating and nurturing community interest. As a psychotherapist and LADC, I've worked with adults, adolescents, and families from all walks of life. My goal is to foster well-being in individuals and families. I seek to eliminate the stigma of shame and guilt associated with mental health and substance use, which leads to understanding, respectful conversations that enable healing.
I have 20 years' combined experience working with culturally, ethnically and generationally diverse clients in therapy, chemical use, restorative justice, and counseling children and families in need. I'm dedicated to enthusiastic, respectful and dynamic interactions as a means of creating and nurturing community interest. As a psychotherapist and LADC, I've worked with adults, adolescents, and families from all walks of life. My goal is to foster well-being in individuals and families. I seek to eliminate the stigma of shame and guilt associated with mental health and substance use, which leads to understanding, respectful conversations that enable healing.
(763) 265-7022 x2 View (763) 265-7022 x2
Photo of Ashley Jefferson-Becerra, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minneapolis, MN
Ashley Jefferson-Becerra
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LPCC, LADC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55416
Ashley takes an approach to therapy that emphasizes the individual experience and strives for every person to feel welcomed, honored, and respected. She focuses on inclusivity and empathy in session by using both complementary health approaches and evidenced based practices. Ashley is gender-affirming with a proactive social justice lens and has a background working with adults and adolescents with trauma, mental health, and substance use concerns. Ashley is credentialed as a pre-licensed clinical counselor under supervision and an alcohol and drug counselor.
Ashley takes an approach to therapy that emphasizes the individual experience and strives for every person to feel welcomed, honored, and respected. She focuses on inclusivity and empathy in session by using both complementary health approaches and evidenced based practices. Ashley is gender-affirming with a proactive social justice lens and has a background working with adults and adolescents with trauma, mental health, and substance use concerns. Ashley is credentialed as a pre-licensed clinical counselor under supervision and an alcohol and drug counselor.
(612) 261-1306 View (612) 261-1306
Photo of Chelsea Wagner Psychoanalysis in Minneapolis, MN
Chelsea Wagner Psychoanalysis
LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55408
If you are reading this, you may be seeking help because, despite life appearing good on the outside, you may be struggling to set boundaries, assert yourself, and develop a strong sense of self. I specialize in working with trauma survivors who are healing from people-pleasing and co-dependency. As a compassionate psychoanalyst with over ten years of experience, I offer intensive psychotherapy to provide the care, support, and understanding necessary for patients to move forward. Let's work together to foster healing, growth, and the development of a more empowered and authentic life.
If you are reading this, you may be seeking help because, despite life appearing good on the outside, you may be struggling to set boundaries, assert yourself, and develop a strong sense of self. I specialize in working with trauma survivors who are healing from people-pleasing and co-dependency. As a compassionate psychoanalyst with over ten years of experience, I offer intensive psychotherapy to provide the care, support, and understanding necessary for patients to move forward. Let's work together to foster healing, growth, and the development of a more empowered and authentic life.
(763) 225-2669 View (763) 225-2669
Photo of Jenny Arth, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Minneapolis, MN
Jenny Arth
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55409
I'm not able to take new clients at this time! My passion is relationships. I love to explore how systemic and societal power structures influence how we connect with our partners, family members, and friends. I work with couples, families, and individuals in areas such as polyamory, boundaries, personal power, queerness, gender identity, sex and sexuality, trauma, stress, life transitions, chronic illness, and anything else that affects our ability to be authentically and safely ourselves.
I'm not able to take new clients at this time! My passion is relationships. I love to explore how systemic and societal power structures influence how we connect with our partners, family members, and friends. I work with couples, families, and individuals in areas such as polyamory, boundaries, personal power, queerness, gender identity, sex and sexuality, trauma, stress, life transitions, chronic illness, and anything else that affects our ability to be authentically and safely ourselves.
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Photo of Elaine J Moore, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
Elaine J Moore
Psychologist, MA, LP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55403
Not accepting new clients
As a licensed psychologist I have over 25 years working with couples, families, children, adolescents and individuals. I specialize in anxiety disorders, depression and trauma. I furthermore have extensive experience working with chronic illnesses including MS, Lupus, Chronic Fatigue, Fibromyalgia, COPD, diabetes and Lyme disease. I love working with couples, with complex issues. I value working with DEI concerns for BIPOC people. My work is client centered with a focus on the client's strengths and competencies in the world. My approach is creative and intuitive, with a strong foundation in scientific theory.
As a licensed psychologist I have over 25 years working with couples, families, children, adolescents and individuals. I specialize in anxiety disorders, depression and trauma. I furthermore have extensive experience working with chronic illnesses including MS, Lupus, Chronic Fatigue, Fibromyalgia, COPD, diabetes and Lyme disease. I love working with couples, with complex issues. I value working with DEI concerns for BIPOC people. My work is client centered with a focus on the client's strengths and competencies in the world. My approach is creative and intuitive, with a strong foundation in scientific theory.
(612) 294-8370 View (612) 294-8370
Photo of Josh Januschka, Licensed Professional Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Josh Januschka
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55403
Waitlist for new clients
Every person needs a secure space where they can become their most authentic selves. I strive to approach therapy with radical genuineness, compassion, warmth, and humor. I believe that therapy at its best is a creative, judgment-free space between equals. This creates an environment where you can be yourself and learn to manage thoughts and emotions getting in your way. I like to incorporate techniques from DBT, Motivational Interviewing, Person-Centered Therapy, attachment theory, body-centered approaches, sports psychology, mindfulness, body positivity, trauma-informed practices, and sometimes a dash of geek culture references.
Every person needs a secure space where they can become their most authentic selves. I strive to approach therapy with radical genuineness, compassion, warmth, and humor. I believe that therapy at its best is a creative, judgment-free space between equals. This creates an environment where you can be yourself and learn to manage thoughts and emotions getting in your way. I like to incorporate techniques from DBT, Motivational Interviewing, Person-Centered Therapy, attachment theory, body-centered approaches, sports psychology, mindfulness, body positivity, trauma-informed practices, and sometimes a dash of geek culture references.
(612) 421-0604 x30 View (612) 421-0604 x30
Photo of Linnea Logas, MA, Feminist Therapist,Couples Coach, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minneapolis, MN
Linnea Logas, MA, Feminist Therapist,Couples Coach
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55418  (Online Only)
I empower individuals and couples struggling with anxiety, shame, low self-esteem & communication issues to find deep, wholehearted contentedness and inner-freedom. Using a feminist, anti-racist, trauma-informed, gender & sexuality affirming lens, my goal is to help you grow in love with yourself and your people. You are deserving of your love, and contentment and joy in your relationships is absolutely attainable.
I empower individuals and couples struggling with anxiety, shame, low self-esteem & communication issues to find deep, wholehearted contentedness and inner-freedom. Using a feminist, anti-racist, trauma-informed, gender & sexuality affirming lens, my goal is to help you grow in love with yourself and your people. You are deserving of your love, and contentment and joy in your relationships is absolutely attainable.
(612) 268-6717 View (612) 268-6717
Photo of Katie Angell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Katie Angell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55419
You may have stood in a crowded room and feel completely unseen, unheard, and disconnected to yourself and others. On the outside it may seem like you have it all together but on the inside it feels like a tornado. This space provides mental health therapy for individuals who are experiencing difficulties in managing their emotions day to day due to experience of abuse, neglect, difficult relationships, or trauma. We strive to embrace your values and beliefs without the weight of guilt or shame. Here you can feel connected in a community that matters most to you while calming the storm inside.
You may have stood in a crowded room and feel completely unseen, unheard, and disconnected to yourself and others. On the outside it may seem like you have it all together but on the inside it feels like a tornado. This space provides mental health therapy for individuals who are experiencing difficulties in managing their emotions day to day due to experience of abuse, neglect, difficult relationships, or trauma. We strive to embrace your values and beliefs without the weight of guilt or shame. Here you can feel connected in a community that matters most to you while calming the storm inside.
(612) 324-0752 View (612) 324-0752
Photo of LifeWorks Integrated Coaching LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
LifeWorks Integrated Coaching LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, CPC, , EMDR-C, CIATC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55408
Lifeworks Integrated Coaching supports individuals, couples, and families dealing with a wide range of life, such as relationship, stress and career issues. Our approach to coaching addresses your immediate needs and proactively looks towards the future, promotes empowerment, and plans for lifelong wellness. Our goal is to provide holistic support that treats each client as a dynamic and unique individual. Together, we address the full range of their physical, emotional, mental and spiritual needs so that they can experience profound clarity, joy, and freedom in their life, career, and relationships.
Lifeworks Integrated Coaching supports individuals, couples, and families dealing with a wide range of life, such as relationship, stress and career issues. Our approach to coaching addresses your immediate needs and proactively looks towards the future, promotes empowerment, and plans for lifelong wellness. Our goal is to provide holistic support that treats each client as a dynamic and unique individual. Together, we address the full range of their physical, emotional, mental and spiritual needs so that they can experience profound clarity, joy, and freedom in their life, career, and relationships.
(612) 712-4469 View (612) 712-4469

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Minneapolis, MN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$165

Therapists in Minneapolis, MN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
64% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% BlueCross and BlueShield
71% UCare
67% Aetna

How Therapists in Minneapolis, MN see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
21% Male
3% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Minneapolis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.