Therapists in Arlington, MA

Photo of Kate Lopez-Casanova, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Kate Lopez-Casanova
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
I am a licensed clinical psychologist at Cambridge Psychology Group and provide evidence-based treatment for adults, adolescents, and children. My approach to therapy is primarily rooted in cognitive behavioral theory with an emphasis on the principles of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). I approach therapy with flexibility and creativity to meet the unique needs, preferences, and values of my patients. My areas of expertise include difficulties with emotion dysregulation, anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation and behavior, self-harm, personality disorders, grief, relational challenges, life transitions, and traumatic stress.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist at Cambridge Psychology Group and provide evidence-based treatment for adults, adolescents, and children. My approach to therapy is primarily rooted in cognitive behavioral theory with an emphasis on the principles of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). I approach therapy with flexibility and creativity to meet the unique needs, preferences, and values of my patients. My areas of expertise include difficulties with emotion dysregulation, anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation and behavior, self-harm, personality disorders, grief, relational challenges, life transitions, and traumatic stress.
(617) 819-0747 View (617) 819-0747
Photo of Marley Claise, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Marley Claise
Counselor, LMHC, CYT
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
Relationships are often the most rewarding and difficult parts of our lives. I am passionate about helping people understand and heal themselves in order to connect more authentically and fully with others. Some of the most common issues I help individuals & couples navigate are different communication styles, managing crises & life transitions (including the postpartum period), and processing underlying mental health issues. I feel privileged to support people in building a better understanding of themselves and each other, and deepening their relationships.
Relationships are often the most rewarding and difficult parts of our lives. I am passionate about helping people understand and heal themselves in order to connect more authentically and fully with others. Some of the most common issues I help individuals & couples navigate are different communication styles, managing crises & life transitions (including the postpartum period), and processing underlying mental health issues. I feel privileged to support people in building a better understanding of themselves and each other, and deepening their relationships.
(339) 218-3650 View (339) 218-3650
Photo of Emily E Manove, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Emily E Manove
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476
I welcome your courage in sharing your challenges with me and believe that we can work together using evidence-based therapy to create change. Our relationship matters to me and I will check in with you frequently about our work. I bring respect, empathy, humor, and authenticity (I'm a real person!) to the therapy room. I often work with OCD, anxiety, substance use, shame, perfectionism, body image, eating issues, depression, trauma/PTSD, relationship issues and parenting. I am an experienced IFS and AEDP therapist. I also use mindfulness, ACT, CBT and DBT heavily in my practice. I am a certified and experienced couples' therapist.
I welcome your courage in sharing your challenges with me and believe that we can work together using evidence-based therapy to create change. Our relationship matters to me and I will check in with you frequently about our work. I bring respect, empathy, humor, and authenticity (I'm a real person!) to the therapy room. I often work with OCD, anxiety, substance use, shame, perfectionism, body image, eating issues, depression, trauma/PTSD, relationship issues and parenting. I am an experienced IFS and AEDP therapist. I also use mindfulness, ACT, CBT and DBT heavily in my practice. I am a certified and experienced couples' therapist.
(339) 233-4578 View (339) 233-4578
Photo of Catherine Lee Christie, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Catherine Lee Christie
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476
Waitlist for new clients
I provide a safe, supportive and nurturing environment for clients to explore life's issues and challenges and develop a positive sense of self. I use positivity, humor and creativity and my goal is to help people recognize their strengths and unique qualities, which can serve them on their path to wellness. I also engage clients in honest reflection of themselves and their relationships and help empower them to make any necessary changes in their lives that promote growth and healing. I have a client-centered, non-judgmental approach and welcome clients from all backgrounds.
I provide a safe, supportive and nurturing environment for clients to explore life's issues and challenges and develop a positive sense of self. I use positivity, humor and creativity and my goal is to help people recognize their strengths and unique qualities, which can serve them on their path to wellness. I also engage clients in honest reflection of themselves and their relationships and help empower them to make any necessary changes in their lives that promote growth and healing. I have a client-centered, non-judgmental approach and welcome clients from all backgrounds.
(617) 762-5352 View (617) 762-5352
Photo of Marah Paley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Marah Paley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MEd
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
I work with adolescents and adults who are struggling with anxiety and depression, relationship issues, and life changes. I strive to listen deeply and to build meaningful connections, while helping people to better understand themselves and their experiences. My approach is warm, kind, curious and non-judgmental. My hope is that therapy is a safe, supportive space where you can be authentic and gain insight about your life.
I work with adolescents and adults who are struggling with anxiety and depression, relationship issues, and life changes. I strive to listen deeply and to build meaningful connections, while helping people to better understand themselves and their experiences. My approach is warm, kind, curious and non-judgmental. My hope is that therapy is a safe, supportive space where you can be authentic and gain insight about your life.
(857) 290-5345 View (857) 290-5345
Photo of Aleksandra Pezel, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Aleksandra Pezel
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
Not accepting new clients
In my practice, I often meet with adults, adolescents, families, and couples who struggle with their feelings, partner or family relationships, finding their place in the society, or just feeling too overwhelmed to deal with everyday life. Inability to cope with these kind of issues over a period of time often results in depression, anxiety or another mental disorder that disrupts healthy lives.
In my practice, I often meet with adults, adolescents, families, and couples who struggle with their feelings, partner or family relationships, finding their place in the society, or just feeling too overwhelmed to deal with everyday life. Inability to cope with these kind of issues over a period of time often results in depression, anxiety or another mental disorder that disrupts healthy lives.
(617) 284-6108 View (617) 284-6108
Photo of Elizabeth (Bette) Jane Spear, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Elizabeth (Bette) Jane Spear
Counselor, MA, LMHC, Clergy
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
Life sometimes overwhelms us with unexpected tragedy bringing grief, loss, trauma, spiritual questions and life transition at a time when we are least prepared. I work primarily with individual and family survivors of these events including loss to disaster, homicide, suicide or other sudden and violent death.
Life sometimes overwhelms us with unexpected tragedy bringing grief, loss, trauma, spiritual questions and life transition at a time when we are least prepared. I work primarily with individual and family survivors of these events including loss to disaster, homicide, suicide or other sudden and violent death.
(617) 816-6402 View (617) 816-6402
Photo of Hanying Alexander, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Hanying Alexander
Counselor, LMHC, R-DMT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476
Not accepting new clients
I love working with people to explore ways to overcome challenges in life together. Many of my clients struggle with managing depression, anxiety, gender identity, emotion regulation and expression, dysfunctional family communication, traumatic experiences, as well as acculturation difficulties (you know, having trouble to "fit in" a new culture or a new environment). As many wise people said; if you are wonder about having a therapist, you should get one (me or someone else)!
I love working with people to explore ways to overcome challenges in life together. Many of my clients struggle with managing depression, anxiety, gender identity, emotion regulation and expression, dysfunctional family communication, traumatic experiences, as well as acculturation difficulties (you know, having trouble to "fit in" a new culture or a new environment). As many wise people said; if you are wonder about having a therapist, you should get one (me or someone else)!
(339) 330-3372 View (339) 330-3372
Photo of Ashley Owens Wood, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Ashley Owens Wood
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
Waitlist for new clients
I feel very fortunate to do the job that I do and I approach therapy as a real collaboration between my clients and myself. I believe that people already have inner resources needed for exploration and healing and that therapy is a place where we can work together to discover and utilize those resources. I would describe my style as warm and interactive; I ask questions, I give and seek feedback, and I often use humor. I also focus on being present and open with you, listening with full, active attention in the moment. Overall, my hope is that when you come here, you’ll feel heard, supported, and like you can be yourself.
I feel very fortunate to do the job that I do and I approach therapy as a real collaboration between my clients and myself. I believe that people already have inner resources needed for exploration and healing and that therapy is a place where we can work together to discover and utilize those resources. I would describe my style as warm and interactive; I ask questions, I give and seek feedback, and I often use humor. I also focus on being present and open with you, listening with full, active attention in the moment. Overall, my hope is that when you come here, you’ll feel heard, supported, and like you can be yourself.
(617) 274-8861 View (617) 274-8861
Photo of Dr. Meghan Schreck, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Dr. Meghan Schreck
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474  (Online Only)
I provide evidence-based treatments for adults with OCD, perinatal OCD, and anxiety disorders. Having OCD makes it hard to be present in your life. You may be having anxious thoughts about contamination, the health of your baby, or something bad happening to someone you care about. You may be having scary, intrusive thoughts that don’t make sense and feel like the opposite of who you are. You find yourself repeating behaviors or reviewing situations in your mind to alleviate anxiety, but the thoughts and anxiety always return.
I provide evidence-based treatments for adults with OCD, perinatal OCD, and anxiety disorders. Having OCD makes it hard to be present in your life. You may be having anxious thoughts about contamination, the health of your baby, or something bad happening to someone you care about. You may be having scary, intrusive thoughts that don’t make sense and feel like the opposite of who you are. You find yourself repeating behaviors or reviewing situations in your mind to alleviate anxiety, but the thoughts and anxiety always return.
(617) 934-8591 View (617) 934-8591
Photo of Intensive CBT Program for Anxiety and OCD , Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Intensive CBT Program for Anxiety and OCD
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
Intensive CBT treatment is a highly specialized form of concentrated and accelerated therapy that directly targets your specific anxiety using concrete tools and strategies. It is a short-term, 2-week program in which you meet 1-on-1 with a team of qualified clinicians. Prior to starting the formal 2- week treatment program, you will complete a 2-hour assessment and 1-hour treatment planning session with your assigned senior clinician to determine your clinical diagnoses, create a personalized treatment plan, and ensure that this format of treatment is a good fit for your needs. This program is designed for older adolescents (16+) and adults with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobia, and social anxiety disorder.
Intensive CBT treatment is a highly specialized form of concentrated and accelerated therapy that directly targets your specific anxiety using concrete tools and strategies. It is a short-term, 2-week program in which you meet 1-on-1 with a team of qualified clinicians. Prior to starting the formal 2- week treatment program, you will complete a 2-hour assessment and 1-hour treatment planning session with your assigned senior clinician to determine your clinical diagnoses, create a personalized treatment plan, and ensure that this format of treatment is a good fit for your needs. This program is designed for older adolescents (16+) and adults with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobia, and social anxiety disorder.
(617) 841-3288 View (617) 841-3288
Photo of Danielle A Haynes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Danielle A Haynes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Whether working with a family, individual, and/or couples, I believe in a relational process in which finding a therapist that is a "good fit" as the groundwork for a supportive, transformative process. I believe that every individual has the ability to examine their life's journey and own their story; all while strengthening self compassion and working to navigate who and how to be in relationships. This along with growing to know, understand and accept oneself. Stepping into the therapeutic process is the first movement towards self discovery and growth.
Whether working with a family, individual, and/or couples, I believe in a relational process in which finding a therapist that is a "good fit" as the groundwork for a supportive, transformative process. I believe that every individual has the ability to examine their life's journey and own their story; all while strengthening self compassion and working to navigate who and how to be in relationships. This along with growing to know, understand and accept oneself. Stepping into the therapeutic process is the first movement towards self discovery and growth.
(339) 201-9785 View (339) 201-9785
Photo of Jennifer Sheng, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Jennifer Sheng
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02474
Accepting new telehealth clients! Finding the right counselor in today's environment can be challenging especially if you are diagnosed with a health condition or have a non-traditional schedule. I am an experienced, licensed therapist in the Greater Boston Area specializing in grief, loss of pet, coping with illness, caregiver support, healthcare professional burnout/moral injury, and life transitions. My approach is tailored to each person and is collaborative, affirming, warm, empathic, strengths based and solution focused.
Accepting new telehealth clients! Finding the right counselor in today's environment can be challenging especially if you are diagnosed with a health condition or have a non-traditional schedule. I am an experienced, licensed therapist in the Greater Boston Area specializing in grief, loss of pet, coping with illness, caregiver support, healthcare professional burnout/moral injury, and life transitions. My approach is tailored to each person and is collaborative, affirming, warm, empathic, strengths based and solution focused.
(617) 741-9353 View (617) 741-9353
Photo of Hayley Friel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Hayley Friel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474  (Online Only)
I am not accepting new clients. Feel free to email to be added to my waitlist. Clients reach out to me because they want something to change. It could be that you want to worry less, feel happier or more fulfilled in your relationships, increase motivation, reduce harsh self-criticism, or need some support with stressful transitions or losses. Maybe you are recognizing your current ways of coping with challenges aren't working as well as you'd like, and you want to explore new ones. If you feel like you are in a rut or can't seem to get out of your own way, therapy can help you figure it out and get to where you want to be.
I am not accepting new clients. Feel free to email to be added to my waitlist. Clients reach out to me because they want something to change. It could be that you want to worry less, feel happier or more fulfilled in your relationships, increase motivation, reduce harsh self-criticism, or need some support with stressful transitions or losses. Maybe you are recognizing your current ways of coping with challenges aren't working as well as you'd like, and you want to explore new ones. If you feel like you are in a rut or can't seem to get out of your own way, therapy can help you figure it out and get to where you want to be.
(339) 229-6341 View (339) 229-6341
Photo of Rebecca Hecht, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Rebecca Hecht
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
I optimally resonate with clients who are interested in self awareness and taking responsibility for the part that they play in life and relational challenges. They are committed to healing past traumas in order to be able to live as fully as possible in the present. The understanding that self transformation very naturally attracts qualitative experiences and relationships enables psychotherapy and connective couples work to be optimally beneficial.
I optimally resonate with clients who are interested in self awareness and taking responsibility for the part that they play in life and relational challenges. They are committed to healing past traumas in order to be able to live as fully as possible in the present. The understanding that self transformation very naturally attracts qualitative experiences and relationships enables psychotherapy and connective couples work to be optimally beneficial.
(781) 218-7213 View (781) 218-7213
Photo of Alice Moses, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Alice Moses
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476
Do you feel anxious, stressed, overwhelmed? Are you wondering how you fit into this complicated world in which we live? Do you wish you felt happier and more fulfilled with yourself or your life? Welcome, I'm glad you've taken this first step toward feeling better. As a biracial therapist, I have a unique--and personal--perspective on multicultural issues. I understand what it feels like to straddle two worlds, to not belong or question where you fit in, and to feel misunderstood or invisible. I support my clients by offering a safe, nonjudgmental space to talk about your struggles and find relief from suffering. You are not alone!
Do you feel anxious, stressed, overwhelmed? Are you wondering how you fit into this complicated world in which we live? Do you wish you felt happier and more fulfilled with yourself or your life? Welcome, I'm glad you've taken this first step toward feeling better. As a biracial therapist, I have a unique--and personal--perspective on multicultural issues. I understand what it feels like to straddle two worlds, to not belong or question where you fit in, and to feel misunderstood or invisible. I support my clients by offering a safe, nonjudgmental space to talk about your struggles and find relief from suffering. You are not alone!
View
Photo of Jennifer Austin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Arlington, MA
Jennifer Austin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476  (Online Only)
CURRENTLY SEEING MA AND CT CLIENTS VIA TELEHEALTH. Do you want a more satisfying, connected, and supportive relationship with your partner? Is it difficult to work through current and past conflicts? Do you consistently have the same fight over and over again? I can help you to overcome these challenges and strengthen your relationship so that you and your partner are on the same team instead of stuck playing against each other. Through therapy, you will be able to better understand your partner’s and your own feelings and reactions, leading to greater compassion and understanding, and ultimately healing in your relationship.
CURRENTLY SEEING MA AND CT CLIENTS VIA TELEHEALTH. Do you want a more satisfying, connected, and supportive relationship with your partner? Is it difficult to work through current and past conflicts? Do you consistently have the same fight over and over again? I can help you to overcome these challenges and strengthen your relationship so that you and your partner are on the same team instead of stuck playing against each other. Through therapy, you will be able to better understand your partner’s and your own feelings and reactions, leading to greater compassion and understanding, and ultimately healing in your relationship.
(781) 780-2761 View (781) 780-2761
Photo of Amy Kade, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Amy Kade
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02474
Not accepting new clients
Life can be tough, especially lately. As a clinician I am passionate about helping people find strength and healing in difficult circumstances, with both lifelong issues and daily frustrations. I work to support children, adults and couples to feel safe in expressing themselves and living their lives to the fullest.
Life can be tough, especially lately. As a clinician I am passionate about helping people find strength and healing in difficult circumstances, with both lifelong issues and daily frustrations. I work to support children, adults and couples to feel safe in expressing themselves and living their lives to the fullest.
(339) 331-1286 View (339) 331-1286
Photo of Lauren Herlihy, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Lauren Herlihy
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Do you tend to “put up walls” or repeat the same patterns? Do you often feel like you are afraid to speak up about what you want? Maybe you struggle with your self-image or your role in your relationships. Maybe you’re feeling lost about who you are and who you “should” be.
Do you tend to “put up walls” or repeat the same patterns? Do you often feel like you are afraid to speak up about what you want? Maybe you struggle with your self-image or your role in your relationships. Maybe you’re feeling lost about who you are and who you “should” be.
(978) 300-8781 View (978) 300-8781
Photo of Colleen Strong, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Colleen Strong
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02474  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
A highly-skilled, compassionate, and engaging professional, I will provide you with exceptional care and work with you to effectively address the issues which bring you to treatment. My personality, combined with my varied work experience, will ensure that you will have a safe and comfortable environment to explore and address the challenges in front of you. With over a decade of experience in a variety of clinical settings, I have developed a broad base of clinical skills and served many different populations. I have expertise treating children and teens, as well as adults.
A highly-skilled, compassionate, and engaging professional, I will provide you with exceptional care and work with you to effectively address the issues which bring you to treatment. My personality, combined with my varied work experience, will ensure that you will have a safe and comfortable environment to explore and address the challenges in front of you. With over a decade of experience in a variety of clinical settings, I have developed a broad base of clinical skills and served many different populations. I have expertise treating children and teens, as well as adults.
(339) 215-6263 View (339) 215-6263

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Arlington, MA

400+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Arlington, MA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
67% Coping Skills
66% Trauma and PTSD
64% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% BlueCross and BlueShield
51% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
50% Optum

How Therapists in Arlington, MA see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Arlington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.