Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Brian Masciadrelli, Pre-Licensed Professional in New York, NY
Brian Masciadrelli
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10017  (Online Only)
Whether you're experiencing a bump, hurdle, roadblock, it can feel difficult, if not seemingly impossible, to find a path through this on our own. I will create a safe space to help you navigate through those rough patches and assist you to become a more confident navigator yourself. I work with individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, substance use, grief and loss, life transitions, and relationship conflicts. In therapy sessions, I use a variety of counseling approaches, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and psychodynamic therapy, as I believe there is no one-size-fits-all approach.
Whether you're experiencing a bump, hurdle, roadblock, it can feel difficult, if not seemingly impossible, to find a path through this on our own. I will create a safe space to help you navigate through those rough patches and assist you to become a more confident navigator yourself. I work with individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, substance use, grief and loss, life transitions, and relationship conflicts. In therapy sessions, I use a variety of counseling approaches, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and psychodynamic therapy, as I believe there is no one-size-fits-all approach.
(646) 450-3064 View (646) 450-3064
Photo of Kristina Jones, Counselor in New York, NY
Kristina Jones
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10009  (Online Only)
Do you feel like you don’t have a space that is meant for you in this world? You’re an outcast, a weirdo, an “other”. It’s been hard for you to feel like you’re really thriving in life. The majority has never been where you fit in, and that’s fine with you. But you are more than a little tired of being so damn resilient all of the time. It’s exhausting to hold up this mask for so long. So you want to explore deeper within yourself and be true to who you are. The best, realest version of you. Not whoever they say you “should” be.
Do you feel like you don’t have a space that is meant for you in this world? You’re an outcast, a weirdo, an “other”. It’s been hard for you to feel like you’re really thriving in life. The majority has never been where you fit in, and that’s fine with you. But you are more than a little tired of being so damn resilient all of the time. It’s exhausting to hold up this mask for so long. So you want to explore deeper within yourself and be true to who you are. The best, realest version of you. Not whoever they say you “should” be.
(646) 798-5297 View (646) 798-5297
Photo of Jeff Gagliardi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Jeff Gagliardi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10024
Depression and anxiety hold us back from reaching our potential. So many factors in our daily lives work to develop and reinforce those negative emotions over time. They leave us feeling stuck, overwhelmed, and unfulfilled. In order to cope, we often develop behaviors that we know aren’t good for us but feel impossible to stop. You try to make things better, but moments of change and growth are fleeting. You’re ready to create lasting change and free yourself from what’s holding you back. You deserve to experience a satisfying life filled with joy and happiness!
Depression and anxiety hold us back from reaching our potential. So many factors in our daily lives work to develop and reinforce those negative emotions over time. They leave us feeling stuck, overwhelmed, and unfulfilled. In order to cope, we often develop behaviors that we know aren’t good for us but feel impossible to stop. You try to make things better, but moments of change and growth are fleeting. You’re ready to create lasting change and free yourself from what’s holding you back. You deserve to experience a satisfying life filled with joy and happiness!
(646) 687-4650 View (646) 687-4650
Photo of Bushra Shaheen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Bushra Shaheen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10036  (Online Only)
If you're feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, grappling with grief, or carrying the weight of loneliness, guilt, or shame, know that you're not alone. Especially if you identify as Queer and/or BI/POC, navigating these emotions within cultural and familial dynamics can feel like an uphill journey. But you don't have to climb that mountain by yourself. I'm here to offer a warm and compassionate space to feel your emotions without fear or judgment, process attachment and trauma experiences, and uncover patterns rooted in childhood.
If you're feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, grappling with grief, or carrying the weight of loneliness, guilt, or shame, know that you're not alone. Especially if you identify as Queer and/or BI/POC, navigating these emotions within cultural and familial dynamics can feel like an uphill journey. But you don't have to climb that mountain by yourself. I'm here to offer a warm and compassionate space to feel your emotions without fear or judgment, process attachment and trauma experiences, and uncover patterns rooted in childhood.
(347) 682-3069 View (347) 682-3069
Photo of Shella Ilani, Psychologist in New York, NY
Shella Ilani
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10065
I am a clinical psychologist specializing in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). For 20+ years, my practice has included individual therapy, career-counseling, and executive coaching. I accept many insurance plans and utilize a high range of treatment tools that contribute to my high rate of LONG-LASTING SUCCESS. My style is interactive and practical and focuses on applicable coping skills. I personalize treatment for you as a unique individual and a partner for change. I work in English and in Hebrew.
I am a clinical psychologist specializing in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). For 20+ years, my practice has included individual therapy, career-counseling, and executive coaching. I accept many insurance plans and utilize a high range of treatment tools that contribute to my high rate of LONG-LASTING SUCCESS. My style is interactive and practical and focuses on applicable coping skills. I personalize treatment for you as a unique individual and a partner for change. I work in English and in Hebrew.
(646) 600-9271 View (646) 600-9271
Photo of Thomas Giardini in New York, NY
Thomas Giardini
MSEd, MHC-LP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
Therapy offers space to gain clarity, purpose, and guidance. I approach treatment as a collaborative endeavor and an opportunity to explore the stories shaping your experience and relationships. My creative, depth-oriented approach is informed by clinical training in private practice and university counseling settings in addition to extensive professional experience working to support individuals from a wide range of backgrounds in nonprofit and arts settings.
Therapy offers space to gain clarity, purpose, and guidance. I approach treatment as a collaborative endeavor and an opportunity to explore the stories shaping your experience and relationships. My creative, depth-oriented approach is informed by clinical training in private practice and university counseling settings in addition to extensive professional experience working to support individuals from a wide range of backgrounds in nonprofit and arts settings.
(646) 647-3493 View (646) 647-3493
Photo of J. Suzanne Hagopian, Integrative Practitioner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
J. Suzanne Hagopian, Integrative Practitioner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, RYT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
Clients who work with me are seeking a collaborative effort for wellness, open to mind / body approaches and a healthful path. Clients may be dealing with Anxiety or Depression or Life Transitions (job related / relational / fertility / LGBTQ+ / men's & women's issues / aging). You may be working to find peace & purpose in your life. I hope to help you in evaluating and processing internal and external barriers that may prevent you from actualizing authentic-self potential. We will work together to provide applicable skills for meeting the goals we set forth.
Clients who work with me are seeking a collaborative effort for wellness, open to mind / body approaches and a healthful path. Clients may be dealing with Anxiety or Depression or Life Transitions (job related / relational / fertility / LGBTQ+ / men's & women's issues / aging). You may be working to find peace & purpose in your life. I hope to help you in evaluating and processing internal and external barriers that may prevent you from actualizing authentic-self potential. We will work together to provide applicable skills for meeting the goals we set forth.
(646) 859-0962 View (646) 859-0962
Photo of Jeffrey Kishner, Counselor in New York, NY
Jeffrey Kishner
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10038  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with sex, love or relationship issues? I can help. Perhaps you are having difficulty moving on from or deepening a commitment to a relationship. You feel isolated or resentful, possibly because you're not effectively communicating your needs. Maybe your sexual behavior interferes with your relationships, self-image, or productivity. You feel anxious, depressed. My goal is to help you manage these difficult feelings and develop strategies to build a more fulfilling life.
Are you struggling with sex, love or relationship issues? I can help. Perhaps you are having difficulty moving on from or deepening a commitment to a relationship. You feel isolated or resentful, possibly because you're not effectively communicating your needs. Maybe your sexual behavior interferes with your relationships, self-image, or productivity. You feel anxious, depressed. My goal is to help you manage these difficult feelings and develop strategies to build a more fulfilling life.
(347) 407-9357 View (347) 407-9357
Photo of Gary McClain, Counselor in New York, NY
Gary McClain
Counselor, PhD, LMHC, CEAP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011
I am based in NYC. I was trained in rational-emotive behavior therapy and work with clients primarily from that perspective, with mindfulness techniques. The focus of my practice is on working with individuals who have been diagnosed with a chronic or catastrophic health condition, as well as their caregivers. Please refer to my website, JustGotdiagnosed.com, for more information about me and my practice. Please be aware that I have very limited availability for new clients at the moment, I am sorry to say.
I am based in NYC. I was trained in rational-emotive behavior therapy and work with clients primarily from that perspective, with mindfulness techniques. The focus of my practice is on working with individuals who have been diagnosed with a chronic or catastrophic health condition, as well as their caregivers. Please refer to my website, JustGotdiagnosed.com, for more information about me and my practice. Please be aware that I have very limited availability for new clients at the moment, I am sorry to say.
(646) 651-4363 View (646) 651-4363
Photo of Antonia Costello, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Antonia Costello
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10128  (Online Only)
Antonia brings 20+ years of experience specializing in adults with anxiety, depression, anger management, family trauma and more. Antonia is Ivy League educated and worked in major New York City hospitals were she she recieved extensive training. Antonia provides a warm, non-judgemental and nurturing environment through her teletherapy practice. She is excited to speak with you to see how she can help.
Antonia brings 20+ years of experience specializing in adults with anxiety, depression, anger management, family trauma and more. Antonia is Ivy League educated and worked in major New York City hospitals were she she recieved extensive training. Antonia provides a warm, non-judgemental and nurturing environment through her teletherapy practice. She is excited to speak with you to see how she can help.
(347) 535-0502 View (347) 535-0502
Photo of Guy Pasculli LCSW PC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Guy Pasculli LCSW PC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011
Feeling sad, depressed, angry, impulsive? Do you have a lack of interest, or loss of motivation? Is fear and anxiety a driving force behind many decisions? Is drinking or recreational drug use increasing? Are you having conflicts at home or with your employer? Is life not turning out how you expected? Are you experiencing resentments towards most of life's events?
Feeling sad, depressed, angry, impulsive? Do you have a lack of interest, or loss of motivation? Is fear and anxiety a driving force behind many decisions? Is drinking or recreational drug use increasing? Are you having conflicts at home or with your employer? Is life not turning out how you expected? Are you experiencing resentments towards most of life's events?
(646) 681-7344 View (646) 681-7344
Photo of Christopher J Carter, Licensed Psychoanalyst in New York, NY
Christopher J Carter
Licensed Psychoanalyst, MDiv, ThM, PhD, LP, NCPsyA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10038  (Online Only)
According to C. G. Jung, “Every psychic advance ... arises from the suffering soul" (CW11, para 497). Living can be brutal and isolating, draining us of meaning and a positive sense of worth. Alone, you have been carrying those burdens too long. You’re searching for an informed, non-judgmental, compassionate listener. The search can be frustrating and overwhelming. You need someone who will hold your most private concerns and help identify effective and lasting solutions, to neutralize your suffering … someone who gets down to the root of your pain, not just the surface symptoms.
According to C. G. Jung, “Every psychic advance ... arises from the suffering soul" (CW11, para 497). Living can be brutal and isolating, draining us of meaning and a positive sense of worth. Alone, you have been carrying those burdens too long. You’re searching for an informed, non-judgmental, compassionate listener. The search can be frustrating and overwhelming. You need someone who will hold your most private concerns and help identify effective and lasting solutions, to neutralize your suffering … someone who gets down to the root of your pain, not just the surface symptoms.
(646) 846-8568 View (646) 846-8568
Photo of Douglas Tompkins Certified Jungian Analyst, Licensed Psychoanalyst in New York, NY
Douglas Tompkins Certified Jungian Analyst
Licensed Psychoanalyst, LP, NCPsyA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
I am a certified Jungian Analyst in mid-town Manhattan, trained in Zurich and New York. I work with individuals who are interested in a Jungian approach to problems of being stuck or suffering in relationships, work, creative and spiritual life. Jungian analysis is a form of psychotherapy that offers greater depth when confronting difficult issues affecting affecting one's personal and professional life: loss of meaning or motivation, depression, burnout, stress, creative impasses, significant losses in life, transitions, destructive and self-defeating behaviors.
I am a certified Jungian Analyst in mid-town Manhattan, trained in Zurich and New York. I work with individuals who are interested in a Jungian approach to problems of being stuck or suffering in relationships, work, creative and spiritual life. Jungian analysis is a form of psychotherapy that offers greater depth when confronting difficult issues affecting affecting one's personal and professional life: loss of meaning or motivation, depression, burnout, stress, creative impasses, significant losses in life, transitions, destructive and self-defeating behaviors.
(646) 798-1622 x212235 View (646) 798-1622 x212235
Photo of Kamilyah Cooper, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Kamilyah Cooper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PLLC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10036  (Online Only)
As a therapist, my goal is to work in collaboration with you to gain clarity and ultimately heal, so you can be your best self and live the life you want to live. My approach is compassionate, genuine, and non-judgmental. Therapy can be a transformative relationship where you explore obstacles to your growth in a safe environment. I incorporate a variety of skills into my practice, such as mindfulness, solution-focused strategies, and cognitive behavioral techniques.
As a therapist, my goal is to work in collaboration with you to gain clarity and ultimately heal, so you can be your best self and live the life you want to live. My approach is compassionate, genuine, and non-judgmental. Therapy can be a transformative relationship where you explore obstacles to your growth in a safe environment. I incorporate a variety of skills into my practice, such as mindfulness, solution-focused strategies, and cognitive behavioral techniques.
(347) 415-6626 View (347) 415-6626
Photo of Ana Milosevic, Pre-Licensed Professional in New York, NY
Ana Milosevic
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC-LP
Not Verified Not Verified
New York, NY 10016
Throughout life we can encounter many roadblocks and, in some cases, very traumatic experiences that make us question whether we have the strength to continue, believe in people, or pursue our dreams. We tend to fixate on experiences beyond the here and now, identifying ourselves with the past or worrying about the future while missing the opportunity to achieve inner joy and peace. I specialize in treating adults and teenagers with depression, anxiety, trauma, and PTSD. During counseling sessions, I use the evidence-based principles of CBT, MBCBT, DBT, ACT, and Mind-Body Connection therapy.
Throughout life we can encounter many roadblocks and, in some cases, very traumatic experiences that make us question whether we have the strength to continue, believe in people, or pursue our dreams. We tend to fixate on experiences beyond the here and now, identifying ourselves with the past or worrying about the future while missing the opportunity to achieve inner joy and peace. I specialize in treating adults and teenagers with depression, anxiety, trauma, and PTSD. During counseling sessions, I use the evidence-based principles of CBT, MBCBT, DBT, ACT, and Mind-Body Connection therapy.
(929) 298-3215 View (929) 298-3215
Photo of Rita Aliperti, Counselor in New York, NY
Rita Aliperti
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
Rita’s focus is on building a strong, empathic, and caring relationship with her clients. She believes in tailoring the therapeutic process to one’s needs and wants to enhance client autonomy. Her holistic approach emphasizes optimizing one’s well-being through integrating all dimensions of wellness throughout treatment. Rita’s approach is person-centered and strengths based. Rita draws mainly from Trauma-Focused Therapy, Mindfulness, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Ecotherapy. Rita has had the pleasure of working with people from diverse walks of life.
Rita’s focus is on building a strong, empathic, and caring relationship with her clients. She believes in tailoring the therapeutic process to one’s needs and wants to enhance client autonomy. Her holistic approach emphasizes optimizing one’s well-being through integrating all dimensions of wellness throughout treatment. Rita’s approach is person-centered and strengths based. Rita draws mainly from Trauma-Focused Therapy, Mindfulness, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Ecotherapy. Rita has had the pleasure of working with people from diverse walks of life.
(646) 797-4171 View (646) 797-4171
Photo of Nancy Violette, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Nancy Violette
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10023  (Online Only)
Personal Growth: I can help you to develop tools and strategies to manage life transitions, decisions to be made, family and relationship challenges. Working together, we can find ways to address your stressors and help you to cope better. If you have faced trauma, I can help you process and move toward personal growth. I am an experienced therapist who will help you navigate career, family and 'regular life' and the 'day to day' as you move from one period of life to the next. I will assist you in thinking about how to maximize the positives in your life; and work with the difficulties facing you.
Personal Growth: I can help you to develop tools and strategies to manage life transitions, decisions to be made, family and relationship challenges. Working together, we can find ways to address your stressors and help you to cope better. If you have faced trauma, I can help you process and move toward personal growth. I am an experienced therapist who will help you navigate career, family and 'regular life' and the 'day to day' as you move from one period of life to the next. I will assist you in thinking about how to maximize the positives in your life; and work with the difficulties facing you.
(732) 305-2196 View (732) 305-2196
Photo of Randi Kaufman, Psychologist in New York, NY
Randi Kaufman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10003
Looking for more from your life? Trying to figure out who you truly are, or want to become? Frustrated with not being able to make change? You are not alone. Many people struggle with these life issues, and the difficult feelings that result. Therapy can help you make change that will bring greater joy and fulfillment. I work collaboratively to find creative solutions to your goals, with a focus on your strengths. We will figure out how to move beyond patterns or obstacles blocking your way.
Looking for more from your life? Trying to figure out who you truly are, or want to become? Frustrated with not being able to make change? You are not alone. Many people struggle with these life issues, and the difficult feelings that result. Therapy can help you make change that will bring greater joy and fulfillment. I work collaboratively to find creative solutions to your goals, with a focus on your strengths. We will figure out how to move beyond patterns or obstacles blocking your way.
(646) 846-1319 View (646) 846-1319
Photo of Shveta Mittal, Psychologist in New York, NY
Shveta Mittal
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011
I have more than a decade of experience helping clients develop a better understanding of themselves while facilitating improved coping, insight and personal growth. I have worked specifically with first responders & others holding multiple minority identities, providing culturally competent care from a sex-positive, person-centered, trauma-informed lens
I have more than a decade of experience helping clients develop a better understanding of themselves while facilitating improved coping, insight and personal growth. I have worked specifically with first responders & others holding multiple minority identities, providing culturally competent care from a sex-positive, person-centered, trauma-informed lens
(646) 964-1510 View (646) 964-1510
Photo of Ayushi Shah, Counselor in New York, NY
Ayushi Shah
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10005  (Online Only)
My therapeutic approach is to meet you where you’re at, work together to determine what best meets your needs, and to collaboratively create a plan that helps you achieve your goals. Growing up in a country where mental health was a developing field, I saw the first-hand effects of an overlooked self. I consider it a privilege to assist you in your reconnection to mind, body, and soul—one therapy session at a time.
My therapeutic approach is to meet you where you’re at, work together to determine what best meets your needs, and to collaboratively create a plan that helps you achieve your goals. Growing up in a country where mental health was a developing field, I saw the first-hand effects of an overlooked self. I consider it a privilege to assist you in your reconnection to mind, body, and soul—one therapy session at a time.
(347) 704-4152 View (347) 704-4152

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
60% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.