Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Theresa Carpinito Kira, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Theresa Carpinito Kira
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
I work with individuals experiencing anxiety, depression, disordered eating, body image concerns, relationship issues, life/role transitions, attachment issues, and trauma. I focus on trying to help my clients identify what is important to them and to find ways to live a more rich and meaningful life. I help to uncover what negative beliefs or patterns might be keeping them stuck while helping to shift perspective on their distress and find ways to move forward. I see adults only in my practice.
I work with individuals experiencing anxiety, depression, disordered eating, body image concerns, relationship issues, life/role transitions, attachment issues, and trauma. I focus on trying to help my clients identify what is important to them and to find ways to live a more rich and meaningful life. I help to uncover what negative beliefs or patterns might be keeping them stuck while helping to shift perspective on their distress and find ways to move forward. I see adults only in my practice.
(415) 650-5307 View (415) 650-5307
Photo of Laurel Roberts-Meese, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Laurel Roberts-Meese
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
I help driven professionals process trauma, decrease anxiety, and build better relationships. You've probably got a lot going on; your relationship is strained, demands on you at work are increasing, or the ways you used to cope don't seem to be working anymore. Whatever brings you to therapy, we can figure out a way to feel better together.
I help driven professionals process trauma, decrease anxiety, and build better relationships. You've probably got a lot going on; your relationship is strained, demands on you at work are increasing, or the ways you used to cope don't seem to be working anymore. Whatever brings you to therapy, we can figure out a way to feel better together.
(628) 216-2543 View (628) 216-2543
Photo of Yin J. Li, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Yin J. Li
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
You are “highly functioning”. You have succeeded in most of the ways that were expected of you. Most people look to you for direction, leadership, and support. And, you have a different internal life. You feel resentful of all the obligations put on you. You struggle with intimacy. You feel alone despite having a large social network. You worry a lot. You have a hard time knowing what you need. You feel disconnected from yourself. You feel tired. You want more.
You are “highly functioning”. You have succeeded in most of the ways that were expected of you. Most people look to you for direction, leadership, and support. And, you have a different internal life. You feel resentful of all the obligations put on you. You struggle with intimacy. You feel alone despite having a large social network. You worry a lot. You have a hard time knowing what you need. You feel disconnected from yourself. You feel tired. You want more.
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Photo of Robynne Herron, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in San Francisco, CA
Robynne Herron
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
Hello, I am Robynne (Robin üòâ) Herron. I am a Licensed Profession Clinical Counselor and Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. My approach is relaxed with a gratuitous use of humor. I favor existential and client-centered approaches. Typically, I work with clients that are focused on figuring out how to feel better; however, I have worked with many clients that weren't sure what feeling better would look like or that were stuck thinking it couldn't get better at all.
Hello, I am Robynne (Robin üòâ) Herron. I am a Licensed Profession Clinical Counselor and Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. My approach is relaxed with a gratuitous use of humor. I favor existential and client-centered approaches. Typically, I work with clients that are focused on figuring out how to feel better; however, I have worked with many clients that weren't sure what feeling better would look like or that were stuck thinking it couldn't get better at all.
(415) 340-7922 View (415) 340-7922
Photo of Rachel Ganz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Rachel Ganz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
Waitlist for new clients
If you’re here, I imagine you may have found yourself exhausted, stuck, and suffering despite your best efforts. Maybe you're so chronically overwhelmed from trying to balance the demands of life that you find yourself unable to enjoy any moments of rest or recharge. Or you feel that despite how far you've come in achieving your goals you're never doing enough, and you're losing sight of why those goals matter in the first place. Maybe you silently struggle with a deep-seated fear that you're one misstep away from proving yourself an imposter and losing all that you've worked towards. Do you worry you'll never stop feeling this way?
If you’re here, I imagine you may have found yourself exhausted, stuck, and suffering despite your best efforts. Maybe you're so chronically overwhelmed from trying to balance the demands of life that you find yourself unable to enjoy any moments of rest or recharge. Or you feel that despite how far you've come in achieving your goals you're never doing enough, and you're losing sight of why those goals matter in the first place. Maybe you silently struggle with a deep-seated fear that you're one misstep away from proving yourself an imposter and losing all that you've worked towards. Do you worry you'll never stop feeling this way?
(628) 266-4655 View (628) 266-4655
Photo of Aida Colocho, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Aida Colocho
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
I have extensive experience addressing trauma in women who have been victims of domestic violence. My approach is mostly Psychodynamic with Cognitive Restructuring to help these victims process their past trauma and gain insight into establishing healthy boundaries. This approach has helped many clients gain self-confidence and self-empowerment to continue in life not as a victim but as a survivor of trauma. Clients have been able to learn skills that help them better manage their symptoms and gain a sense of control and self in their lives moving forward.
I have extensive experience addressing trauma in women who have been victims of domestic violence. My approach is mostly Psychodynamic with Cognitive Restructuring to help these victims process their past trauma and gain insight into establishing healthy boundaries. This approach has helped many clients gain self-confidence and self-empowerment to continue in life not as a victim but as a survivor of trauma. Clients have been able to learn skills that help them better manage their symptoms and gain a sense of control and self in their lives moving forward.
(415) 329-3752 View (415) 329-3752
Photo of Alexis Warrington, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Alexis Warrington
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94117  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Everyone wants to feel that they are good enough. The reality though, is that most of us struggle to feel that we are acceptable and lovable just as we are. If you resonate with this, you're not alone. These beliefs tend to operate in the background of your mind, subconsciously influencing your self-esteem, limiting the way you show up in relationships, work and leisure, and creating painful cycles of depression and anxiety. Therapy with me is a safe space to challenge patterns, expand limiting beliefs, heal your inner child, and develop a wise, confident, and secure authentic self to guide you through the ups and downs of life.
Everyone wants to feel that they are good enough. The reality though, is that most of us struggle to feel that we are acceptable and lovable just as we are. If you resonate with this, you're not alone. These beliefs tend to operate in the background of your mind, subconsciously influencing your self-esteem, limiting the way you show up in relationships, work and leisure, and creating painful cycles of depression and anxiety. Therapy with me is a safe space to challenge patterns, expand limiting beliefs, heal your inner child, and develop a wise, confident, and secure authentic self to guide you through the ups and downs of life.
(760) 965-7152 View (760) 965-7152
Photo of Cecilia (Ceci) Walken, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Cecilia (Ceci) Walken
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
Are you Neurodivergent or wonder if you might be? Do your challenges with focus make getting treatment tricky? You are not alone. Many people I work with have struggled for years to get treatment - or even a diagnosis. I offer Neurodivergent affirming therapy (ADHD, AuDHD) and group therapy. Are you group curious? If yes, I look forward to connecting with you. I currently offer weekly support groups to adults in California. I also offer climate anxiety support - individual and group. Groups meet both online and in person and serve people in California.
Are you Neurodivergent or wonder if you might be? Do your challenges with focus make getting treatment tricky? You are not alone. Many people I work with have struggled for years to get treatment - or even a diagnosis. I offer Neurodivergent affirming therapy (ADHD, AuDHD) and group therapy. Are you group curious? If yes, I look forward to connecting with you. I currently offer weekly support groups to adults in California. I also offer climate anxiety support - individual and group. Groups meet both online and in person and serve people in California.
(415) 650-2886 View (415) 650-2886
Photo of Jeremy Mintz, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Jeremy Mintz
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
I imagine you've found your way here because you're feeling stuck and needing a reason to hope that things will change. Others may not see that you're feeling this way, but you know you're in need of relief. If this sounds like what you're going through, I may be a good fit to help you.
I imagine you've found your way here because you're feeling stuck and needing a reason to hope that things will change. Others may not see that you're feeling this way, but you know you're in need of relief. If this sounds like what you're going through, I may be a good fit to help you.
(415) 964-2474 View (415) 964-2474
Photo of Chelsea Owens, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Chelsea Owens
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, ATR-BC, MA
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118  (Online Only)
Hello! I'm a level 2-trained IFS therapist, I know how important relationships are, and how little we are taught about how to do them! I work with women who are feeling disconnected from themselves. Women who are struggling with body image issues, eating disorders, trauma, boundaries and relationship issues. I'm here to help facilitate a relationship between you and all parts of you. I believe there is creativity, reflection and expression inside of everyone and it can be easier to communicate without words. I bring warmth and energy to the room and levity to situations that can sometimes feel overwhelming and heavy.
Hello! I'm a level 2-trained IFS therapist, I know how important relationships are, and how little we are taught about how to do them! I work with women who are feeling disconnected from themselves. Women who are struggling with body image issues, eating disorders, trauma, boundaries and relationship issues. I'm here to help facilitate a relationship between you and all parts of you. I believe there is creativity, reflection and expression inside of everyone and it can be easier to communicate without words. I bring warmth and energy to the room and levity to situations that can sometimes feel overwhelming and heavy.
(650) 651-5952 View (650) 651-5952
Photo of Julie A Wolfert, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Julie A Wolfert
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123
I work collaboratively with patients in individual therapy and while conducting neuropsychological, psychodiagnostic, and psychoeducational assessments. I provide information regarding patients' limitations, capabilities, cognitive functioning and diagnostic considerations. My interests and experience have contributed to my specializing in diagnosing and treating neuropsychological and educational disabilities (including ADHD/ADD) as well as working with individuals experiencing mood, adjustment and anxiety disorders. I assist people in the development of academic, professional and personal skills and the building of confidence in order to support reaching their highest potential. I provide behavioral pain management and work with patients who are adjusting to various disabilities.
I work collaboratively with patients in individual therapy and while conducting neuropsychological, psychodiagnostic, and psychoeducational assessments. I provide information regarding patients' limitations, capabilities, cognitive functioning and diagnostic considerations. My interests and experience have contributed to my specializing in diagnosing and treating neuropsychological and educational disabilities (including ADHD/ADD) as well as working with individuals experiencing mood, adjustment and anxiety disorders. I assist people in the development of academic, professional and personal skills and the building of confidence in order to support reaching their highest potential. I provide behavioral pain management and work with patients who are adjusting to various disabilities.
(415) 935-4901 View (415) 935-4901
Photo of Jaime Cardenas, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jaime Cardenas
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94124
It's wonderful that you took the first step to feeling better. Are you finding yourself overwhelmed by feelings of sadness? Maybe you often experience a general sense of discontent. Are you struggling with a major transition? Or perhaps you can't stop thinking about all the things that could go wrong. If you can relate to any of these scenarios, you're not alone. Many with similar concerns seek therapy to feel better. Therapy is a powerful medium that can provide many tools and strategies to help you navigate life’s challenges. I'd like to invite you to reach out to me to see if therapy could help you too.
It's wonderful that you took the first step to feeling better. Are you finding yourself overwhelmed by feelings of sadness? Maybe you often experience a general sense of discontent. Are you struggling with a major transition? Or perhaps you can't stop thinking about all the things that could go wrong. If you can relate to any of these scenarios, you're not alone. Many with similar concerns seek therapy to feel better. Therapy is a powerful medium that can provide many tools and strategies to help you navigate life’s challenges. I'd like to invite you to reach out to me to see if therapy could help you too.
(510) 907-6698 View (510) 907-6698
Photo of Fran Reich, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Fran Reich
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94131  (Online Only)
Psychotherapy is about building relationships. In seeking a therapist, it's important to find one who "gets you"; is able to understand your unique way of relating to the world and to others in your life. My goal is to be accepting of who you are, to help you better understand patterns in your life that are holding you back. I seek to create an environment where you can develop trust, feel safe, respected, cared for. Psychotherapy can be scary and requires a commitment on the part of both the therapist and the client. Although the road is sometimes painful, we travel through it together.
Psychotherapy is about building relationships. In seeking a therapist, it's important to find one who "gets you"; is able to understand your unique way of relating to the world and to others in your life. My goal is to be accepting of who you are, to help you better understand patterns in your life that are holding you back. I seek to create an environment where you can develop trust, feel safe, respected, cared for. Psychotherapy can be scary and requires a commitment on the part of both the therapist and the client. Although the road is sometimes painful, we travel through it together.
(415) 282-4349 View (415) 282-4349
Photo of Connie Micale, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Connie Micale
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123
I am a licensed therapist (conniemicale.com) that brings over 20 years of clinical experience w/ extensive training in a range of therapeutic methods, from foundational psychology to holistic approaches (EMDR, hypnotherapy, NLP, sound therapy, Internal Family Systems, meditation, CBT and more) which supports my unique ability to quickly “get” people in both the patterns of their distress and who they really know themselves to be. My work honors the importance of therapies based on the heart, body, mind and spirit connection, which gets you out of your head & into your heart and body to encourage & instill deep and lasting change.
I am a licensed therapist (conniemicale.com) that brings over 20 years of clinical experience w/ extensive training in a range of therapeutic methods, from foundational psychology to holistic approaches (EMDR, hypnotherapy, NLP, sound therapy, Internal Family Systems, meditation, CBT and more) which supports my unique ability to quickly “get” people in both the patterns of their distress and who they really know themselves to be. My work honors the importance of therapies based on the heart, body, mind and spirit connection, which gets you out of your head & into your heart and body to encourage & instill deep and lasting change.
(415) 254-6565 View (415) 254-6565
Photo of Wendi Vecchiarelli, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Wendi Vecchiarelli
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Currently accepting new clients. Hello and welcome to my practice. I have extensive experience and training in, and enjoy, working with the LGBTQ, trans, poly, sex-positive, sex work, kink, and asexual communities, as well as with anxiety, depression, substance use concerns, IVF and surrogacy, single parenting, and careers in the arts, law, and tech. Please note that I am currently conducting sessions exclusively by phone. You may find that not having to commute to a therapy office saves time and that being able to take a walk while speaking is not only effective but also pleasant.
Currently accepting new clients. Hello and welcome to my practice. I have extensive experience and training in, and enjoy, working with the LGBTQ, trans, poly, sex-positive, sex work, kink, and asexual communities, as well as with anxiety, depression, substance use concerns, IVF and surrogacy, single parenting, and careers in the arts, law, and tech. Please note that I am currently conducting sessions exclusively by phone. You may find that not having to commute to a therapy office saves time and that being able to take a walk while speaking is not only effective but also pleasant.
(415) 574-0965 View (415) 574-0965
Photo of Elizabeth Geeslin, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Elizabeth Geeslin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94122  (Online Only)
I offer a safe and non-judgmental space where all parts of you are welcomed to come forward, and will be met with curiosity and deep reverence. I am drawn to, and inspired by, the power of human resiliency. I believe we all have an innate wellspring of information, experiences, and tools inside of us, to guide us to a deeper sense of ourselves. I am passionate about helping you discover, explore, and connect to all parts of you, in order to live a more full and embodied life.
I offer a safe and non-judgmental space where all parts of you are welcomed to come forward, and will be met with curiosity and deep reverence. I am drawn to, and inspired by, the power of human resiliency. I believe we all have an innate wellspring of information, experiences, and tools inside of us, to guide us to a deeper sense of ourselves. I am passionate about helping you discover, explore, and connect to all parts of you, in order to live a more full and embodied life.
(628) 288-4092 View (628) 288-4092
Jenny Lee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94108  (Online Only)
What would it feel like to face the day in your true being? What would it feel like to let go of shame and self-doubt? You can feel lighter. You can feel confident. You can feel free to live in your truth. You deserve to live your best life. You are ready for change.
What would it feel like to face the day in your true being? What would it feel like to let go of shame and self-doubt? You can feel lighter. You can feel confident. You can feel free to live in your truth. You deserve to live your best life. You are ready for change.
(628) 313-3121 View (628) 313-3121
Photo of Geetali Chitre, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Geetali Chitre
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
Life can be very overwhelming and lonely at times. When this feels too much to deal with alone, psychotherapy can be a place to have someone else see your struggles and help you bear them. I believe that through a meaningful relationship, we can work together to help you understand why you are suffering and how you can have more options for relating to yourself and others. For couples, being in a relationship itself can feel impossible. Through allowing in a third person to witness your dynamics and understand both members of the couple, it can be easier to communicate with each other.
Life can be very overwhelming and lonely at times. When this feels too much to deal with alone, psychotherapy can be a place to have someone else see your struggles and help you bear them. I believe that through a meaningful relationship, we can work together to help you understand why you are suffering and how you can have more options for relating to yourself and others. For couples, being in a relationship itself can feel impossible. Through allowing in a third person to witness your dynamics and understand both members of the couple, it can be easier to communicate with each other.
(415) 853-5791 View (415) 853-5791
Photo of Shianling Weeks, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Shianling Weeks
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
It's okay to be enraged - about unjust treatment both individually and on a societal level (racism, structural racism, sexism, all the isms). It's okay to be deeply sad. It's okay to be anxious. All the feelings are there for a reason, and sometimes there isn't any particular reason you can identify. It's okay to judge yourself, it's okay to be "negative." We will learn to feel the feelings and think the thoughts, while choosing what you want to do next, based on what's important to you. I have expertise in anxiety, phobias, depression, PTSD, infertility, and perinatal distress.
It's okay to be enraged - about unjust treatment both individually and on a societal level (racism, structural racism, sexism, all the isms). It's okay to be deeply sad. It's okay to be anxious. All the feelings are there for a reason, and sometimes there isn't any particular reason you can identify. It's okay to judge yourself, it's okay to be "negative." We will learn to feel the feelings and think the thoughts, while choosing what you want to do next, based on what's important to you. I have expertise in anxiety, phobias, depression, PTSD, infertility, and perinatal distress.
(415) 942-1872 View (415) 942-1872
Photo of Core Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Core Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
At Core Therapy, we are a dedicated team of mental health therapists committed to guiding you on your journey toward emotional well-being and personal growth. Our mission is to provide a compassionate and confidential space where you can explore and navigate the complexities of your inner world.
At Core Therapy, we are a dedicated team of mental health therapists committed to guiding you on your journey toward emotional well-being and personal growth. Our mission is to provide a compassionate and confidential space where you can explore and navigate the complexities of your inner world.
(626) 669-3715 View (626) 669-3715

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.