Therapists in Oakland, CA

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Photo of Jacqueline Ong, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Jacqueline Ong
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
Are you feeling stressed, stuck, or even stunned by all that is happening in the world today? Perhaps you’ve experienced a change in relationship, upsetting news or trauma, and it’s taking all your energy to do activities that were once routine. Or maybe life is going as planned, but something’s missing and you’re wondering about the bigger picture. In these moments, finding a professional who wants to understand your point of view and help you find a way forward can make a huge difference. I can help you learn cutting-edge skills to reduce anxiety and depression, improve relationships and live a more joyful and satisfying life.
Are you feeling stressed, stuck, or even stunned by all that is happening in the world today? Perhaps you’ve experienced a change in relationship, upsetting news or trauma, and it’s taking all your energy to do activities that were once routine. Or maybe life is going as planned, but something’s missing and you’re wondering about the bigger picture. In these moments, finding a professional who wants to understand your point of view and help you find a way forward can make a huge difference. I can help you learn cutting-edge skills to reduce anxiety and depression, improve relationships and live a more joyful and satisfying life.
(510) 939-7414 View (510) 939-7414
Photo of Karena Passaro, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Karena Passaro
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
Life is harder than expected at times. Transitions, loss, trauma, persistent anxiety or depression, or a feeling that things will never change are just a few examples of the ways in which people can feel less hopeful about their lives. Psychotherapy is a tool that can alleviate the stressors of everyday life, improve one's sense of well being and connection with others and enhance one's self understanding. Over time it can also lead to a greater sense of competency and satisfaction in the world.
Life is harder than expected at times. Transitions, loss, trauma, persistent anxiety or depression, or a feeling that things will never change are just a few examples of the ways in which people can feel less hopeful about their lives. Psychotherapy is a tool that can alleviate the stressors of everyday life, improve one's sense of well being and connection with others and enhance one's self understanding. Over time it can also lead to a greater sense of competency and satisfaction in the world.
(510) 497-0702 View (510) 497-0702
Photo of Danika Grundemann, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Danika Grundemann
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94608  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with folx who identify with the following communities: ethical non-monogamy (ENM), polyamory, kink, BDSM, and LGBTQA+ and who are struggling with anxiety, depression and a history of trauma. I think of psychotherapy as a necessary form of social activism toward a larger goal of equity for people of all races, genders, sexual/relational orientations, levels of ability, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Let's work together to bring you back to yourself, your relationships and your community!
I specialize in working with folx who identify with the following communities: ethical non-monogamy (ENM), polyamory, kink, BDSM, and LGBTQA+ and who are struggling with anxiety, depression and a history of trauma. I think of psychotherapy as a necessary form of social activism toward a larger goal of equity for people of all races, genders, sexual/relational orientations, levels of ability, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Let's work together to bring you back to yourself, your relationships and your community!
(415) 650-4946 View (415) 650-4946
Photo of Brian Kornobis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Brian Kornobis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
I provide a compassionate, non-judgmental space where you can reconnect with your inner strengths to overcome obstacles standing between you and your goals. Whether you are dealing with a relationship difficulty, career dilemma, recent loss, depression, or anxiety, choosing to begin therapy is a courageous step toward growth and healing.
I provide a compassionate, non-judgmental space where you can reconnect with your inner strengths to overcome obstacles standing between you and your goals. Whether you are dealing with a relationship difficulty, career dilemma, recent loss, depression, or anxiety, choosing to begin therapy is a courageous step toward growth and healing.
(510) 422-1569 View (510) 422-1569
Photo of Amy Kelly, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Amy Kelly
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
I am a licensed psychotherapist specializing in child and teen counseling. Families come to my practice feeling lost, worried and some at the recommendation of a school counselor, lawyer, friend or pediatrician. Many parents have read multiple books and tried various interventions at home or at school without success. This can feel frustrating and upsetting, although it is a motivating starting place. What these families all have in common is concern for a child who is struggling in some way and in need of a child counselor. I offer child counseling, family counseling, family mediation, reunification, and parent support.
I am a licensed psychotherapist specializing in child and teen counseling. Families come to my practice feeling lost, worried and some at the recommendation of a school counselor, lawyer, friend or pediatrician. Many parents have read multiple books and tried various interventions at home or at school without success. This can feel frustrating and upsetting, although it is a motivating starting place. What these families all have in common is concern for a child who is struggling in some way and in need of a child counselor. I offer child counseling, family counseling, family mediation, reunification, and parent support.
(415) 524-0645 View (415) 524-0645
Photo of Ramilya Braithwaite, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Ramilya Braithwaite
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94605  (Online Only)
The transitioning process from insight to endurance, and to action is supported by daily courage, perseverance, curiosity, resilience, and a community of like-minded individuals. When tendered with love, care, attention, nurture, and patience, the time spent on the path of self-inquiry yields its marvelous and magical fruits of maturity, wisdom, creativity, joy, desire, courage, passion, ease, freedom, love, compassion, mindfulness, connection, community, and acceptance.
The transitioning process from insight to endurance, and to action is supported by daily courage, perseverance, curiosity, resilience, and a community of like-minded individuals. When tendered with love, care, attention, nurture, and patience, the time spent on the path of self-inquiry yields its marvelous and magical fruits of maturity, wisdom, creativity, joy, desire, courage, passion, ease, freedom, love, compassion, mindfulness, connection, community, and acceptance.
(510) 240-8116 View (510) 240-8116
Photo of Fiona Ruddy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Fiona Ruddy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
Are you finding yourself struggling to adapt to a change or transition in your life? You may be finding yourself overthinking, anxious, overwhelmed and/or feeling stuck. You may be having trouble sleeping, feeling sad, hopeless, insecure or tired of that negative voice in your head that seems to hold you back. You want to feel more confident, calm, clear and positive about the future. You want things to be different, get on a new path, but you aren't sure how to get there.
Are you finding yourself struggling to adapt to a change or transition in your life? You may be finding yourself overthinking, anxious, overwhelmed and/or feeling stuck. You may be having trouble sleeping, feeling sad, hopeless, insecure or tired of that negative voice in your head that seems to hold you back. You want to feel more confident, calm, clear and positive about the future. You want things to be different, get on a new path, but you aren't sure how to get there.
(415) 323-4740 View (415) 323-4740
Photo of Erika Liu-Culpin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Erika Liu-Culpin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
I conduct therapy through the lens of a Humanistic Approach & am client-centered based. In session you can expect to be challenged, empowered & learn about yourself as well as the relationships in your life. I will help you identify the ways in which you are living on autopilot & will allow you to explore negative patterns you may be stuck living in. I will hold you accountable to track unhealthy behaviors, set clear boundaries, help break generational trauma & find what coping strategies work for you. My goal is to bring authenticity, support & non-judgment while helping you find the strength to navigate through life challenges.
I conduct therapy through the lens of a Humanistic Approach & am client-centered based. In session you can expect to be challenged, empowered & learn about yourself as well as the relationships in your life. I will help you identify the ways in which you are living on autopilot & will allow you to explore negative patterns you may be stuck living in. I will hold you accountable to track unhealthy behaviors, set clear boundaries, help break generational trauma & find what coping strategies work for you. My goal is to bring authenticity, support & non-judgment while helping you find the strength to navigate through life challenges.
(650) 337-3017 View (650) 337-3017
Photo of Mary Fleisch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Mary Fleisch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
Childhood trauma leaves us feeling broken, damaged, & disconnected from our true selves. Perhaps you're fed up with constant triggers in everyday situations, feeling distant from loved ones, or overwhelmed by the nagging voice that whispers "you're not enough." Maybe you can't even recall a time when things felt different. But one thing's for sure- you're over feeling terrible all the time. You're ready for relief. You're ready to experience joy in daily life without the constant mind chatter. You're ready for deep, intimate relationships where you can feel safe, loved & connected. You're ready to finally feel good.
Childhood trauma leaves us feeling broken, damaged, & disconnected from our true selves. Perhaps you're fed up with constant triggers in everyday situations, feeling distant from loved ones, or overwhelmed by the nagging voice that whispers "you're not enough." Maybe you can't even recall a time when things felt different. But one thing's for sure- you're over feeling terrible all the time. You're ready for relief. You're ready to experience joy in daily life without the constant mind chatter. You're ready for deep, intimate relationships where you can feel safe, loved & connected. You're ready to finally feel good.
(510) 804-0425 View (510) 804-0425
Photo of Dr. Jacquie Josephson- Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Dr. Jacquie Josephson- Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
Do you feel stuck, like you are getting in your own way? Feelings hopeless and isolated? Life presents all kinds of challenges which we often try to manage on our own and creates frustrations. This frustration creates barriers that can leave you feeling distant from others and even a stranger to yourself. What is worse is often we don’t even know why we are struggling. I am dedicated to helping you with the difficult and painful experiences by facilitating understanding of yourself and the issues that cause pain.
Do you feel stuck, like you are getting in your own way? Feelings hopeless and isolated? Life presents all kinds of challenges which we often try to manage on our own and creates frustrations. This frustration creates barriers that can leave you feeling distant from others and even a stranger to yourself. What is worse is often we don’t even know why we are struggling. I am dedicated to helping you with the difficult and painful experiences by facilitating understanding of yourself and the issues that cause pain.
(341) 999-4375 View (341) 999-4375
Photo of Debby Liang, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Debby Liang
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94619  (Online Only)
Whether you’re seeking to deepen your understanding of yourself, or you're going through an especially challenging time, I celebrate you for taking the first step in seeking support. What might it be like to better understand how your past and your childhood shape your everyday life? I believe that in therapy we have the capacity to uncover, process, and heal from old wounds and improve how we relate to ourselves and our world. A respectful and trusting therapeutic relationship provides a safety and support that is unique from all other relationships in our lives. I can help you progress towards being the best version of yourself.
Whether you’re seeking to deepen your understanding of yourself, or you're going through an especially challenging time, I celebrate you for taking the first step in seeking support. What might it be like to better understand how your past and your childhood shape your everyday life? I believe that in therapy we have the capacity to uncover, process, and heal from old wounds and improve how we relate to ourselves and our world. A respectful and trusting therapeutic relationship provides a safety and support that is unique from all other relationships in our lives. I can help you progress towards being the best version of yourself.
(510) 913-9653 View (510) 913-9653
Photo of Jake Tomlitz, Associate Clinical Social Worker in Oakland, CA
Jake Tomlitz
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW, MSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
I create an experience tailored to your individualized needs and goals. Instead of sticking to a template, we’ll identify how to ensure you feel most comfortable expressing yourself. Therapy can deepen your awareness—which could mean welcoming back parts that you feel disconnected from, discovering new thoughts or ideas, or working with feelings that don’t seem to fit easily in your day-to-day life. As a result, you’ll start to better understand the unique factors that influence your relationships and behaviors: your strengths, values, intuition, and emotions. With new perspectives, you can prepare to live with greater authenticity.
I create an experience tailored to your individualized needs and goals. Instead of sticking to a template, we’ll identify how to ensure you feel most comfortable expressing yourself. Therapy can deepen your awareness—which could mean welcoming back parts that you feel disconnected from, discovering new thoughts or ideas, or working with feelings that don’t seem to fit easily in your day-to-day life. As a result, you’ll start to better understand the unique factors that influence your relationships and behaviors: your strengths, values, intuition, and emotions. With new perspectives, you can prepare to live with greater authenticity.
(415) 326-1949 View (415) 326-1949
Photo of Jennifer Howard, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Jennifer Howard
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
My approach is grounded in Cognitive-Behavioral and Attachment Theories. I also incorporate the practices of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction and ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy). I aspire to meet clients where they are, and help each individual to work on his or her expressed goals. I enjoy taking this journey with clients to navigate some of their most difficult and challenging moments in life, to help prevent troubled kids or young adults from more serious trouble, and to help all clients who seek my support turn their life's biggest challenges into opportunities for growth and lasting change.
My approach is grounded in Cognitive-Behavioral and Attachment Theories. I also incorporate the practices of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction and ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy). I aspire to meet clients where they are, and help each individual to work on his or her expressed goals. I enjoy taking this journey with clients to navigate some of their most difficult and challenging moments in life, to help prevent troubled kids or young adults from more serious trouble, and to help all clients who seek my support turn their life's biggest challenges into opportunities for growth and lasting change.
(510) 878-6002 View (510) 878-6002
Photo of Vincent Rozalski, Ph.D., Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Vincent Rozalski, Ph.D.
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609
I specialize in focused treatment for individuals who are suffering from the after effects of trauma and other stressful events. I have worked with people who've experienced a variety of terrible events, such as combat, accidents, abuse, sexual assaults, and near death experiences. After such events, it is common to experience a variety of problems, including PTSD, guilt, shame, anger, depression, anxiety, substance use, or emotional dysregulation. If you are experiencing any of these problems, I can help. I also offer psychedelic assisted therapy, including integration of ketamine or other psychedelic medicines.
I specialize in focused treatment for individuals who are suffering from the after effects of trauma and other stressful events. I have worked with people who've experienced a variety of terrible events, such as combat, accidents, abuse, sexual assaults, and near death experiences. After such events, it is common to experience a variety of problems, including PTSD, guilt, shame, anger, depression, anxiety, substance use, or emotional dysregulation. If you are experiencing any of these problems, I can help. I also offer psychedelic assisted therapy, including integration of ketamine or other psychedelic medicines.
(925) 403-4551 View (925) 403-4551
Photo of Andrew Damian, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Andrew Damian
Psychologist, PsyD, BCN
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
I am a licensed psychologist with expertise in neurofeedback, neuropsychology, chronic pain treatment, individual psychotherapy, meditation, and qEEG brain mapping. I am board certified in neurofeedback and I use cutting-edge techniques to determine the best treatment and to improve outcomes.
I am a licensed psychologist with expertise in neurofeedback, neuropsychology, chronic pain treatment, individual psychotherapy, meditation, and qEEG brain mapping. I am board certified in neurofeedback and I use cutting-edge techniques to determine the best treatment and to improve outcomes.
(628) 265-6274 View (628) 265-6274
Photo of Laurette Schiff Gennis, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Laurette Schiff Gennis
Psychologist, PhD, MS
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
I understand that choosing a therapist can be an intimidating and awkward process. I think personal referrals are usually the best but sometimes not possible. After thirty years of working as a therapist, I feel I've met and worked with all kinds of patients and helped many of them to change- feel differently about themselves, their relationships and their work. I see individuals, couples and women with new babies.
I understand that choosing a therapist can be an intimidating and awkward process. I think personal referrals are usually the best but sometimes not possible. After thirty years of working as a therapist, I feel I've met and worked with all kinds of patients and helped many of them to change- feel differently about themselves, their relationships and their work. I see individuals, couples and women with new babies.
(415) 969-5909 View (415) 969-5909
Photo of Fiona C. Lundy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Fiona C. Lundy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
Not accepting new clients
Feel overwhelmed, stuck, anxious? These are really tough times we’re living in. There’s the impending climate crisis, conflict abroad, and an increasingly polarizing political climate. Mass shootings may make you fear going to the grocery school or sending your kids to school. And even before the pandemic, there were reasons to be alert and anxious - whether microgressions at work, being told “you’re too ”- fill in the blank, or trying to figure out who you are and how to meet the expectations you and others hold for you. Life can be overwhelming; seeking help shouldn’t be.
Feel overwhelmed, stuck, anxious? These are really tough times we’re living in. There’s the impending climate crisis, conflict abroad, and an increasingly polarizing political climate. Mass shootings may make you fear going to the grocery school or sending your kids to school. And even before the pandemic, there were reasons to be alert and anxious - whether microgressions at work, being told “you’re too ”- fill in the blank, or trying to figure out who you are and how to meet the expectations you and others hold for you. Life can be overwhelming; seeking help shouldn’t be.
(415) 918-6427 View (415) 918-6427
Photo of Susan Diamond Moore, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Susan Diamond Moore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602  (Online Only)
I consider it a privilege to work with you to explore aspects of your life experience which have diminished your satisfaction with life or otherwise left you feeling lost or alone. Challenges around loss, aging, illness, trauma or relationships can feel too frightening to tackle alone. As a seasoned and compassionate psychotherapist, I can help you bear and work with what may feel unbearable. Together, we will create a protected space that fosters the trust, aliveness and self-expression that are essential to growth and success in love and work, where you can ultimately reclaim your life and joie-de-vivre.
I consider it a privilege to work with you to explore aspects of your life experience which have diminished your satisfaction with life or otherwise left you feeling lost or alone. Challenges around loss, aging, illness, trauma or relationships can feel too frightening to tackle alone. As a seasoned and compassionate psychotherapist, I can help you bear and work with what may feel unbearable. Together, we will create a protected space that fosters the trust, aliveness and self-expression that are essential to growth and success in love and work, where you can ultimately reclaim your life and joie-de-vivre.
(510) 985-4589 View (510) 985-4589
Photo of Connie C Linas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Connie C Linas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Do you need relief from anxiety or depression? Are you and your partner fighting and trying to move forward together? I often help people who are exactly where you are. A collaborative, focused relationship with a caring professional can be a life-changing experience. I have a goal oriented and interactive style, and my goal is always to help you move forward - at your own pace - with ease and acceptance. Check out my website and call for a phone consultation to see if I'd be a good fit for you.
Do you need relief from anxiety or depression? Are you and your partner fighting and trying to move forward together? I often help people who are exactly where you are. A collaborative, focused relationship with a caring professional can be a life-changing experience. I have a goal oriented and interactive style, and my goal is always to help you move forward - at your own pace - with ease and acceptance. Check out my website and call for a phone consultation to see if I'd be a good fit for you.
(510) 338-6655 View (510) 338-6655
Photo of Let's Talk! Jesse Westfall MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Let's Talk! Jesse Westfall MFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
I view my role to be that of a listener, supporter, encourager, and advocate. With me, you can expect to be heard and validated, while also challenged as we work to create new patterns and beliefs. ​
I view my role to be that of a listener, supporter, encourager, and advocate. With me, you can expect to be heard and validated, while also challenged as we work to create new patterns and beliefs. ​
(510) 330-2130 View (510) 330-2130

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

59% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.