Therapists in Tucson, AZ

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Photo of Jack Gift, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Jack Gift
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85716
You may be experiencing anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, a personality disorder, another mental health challenge, chronic pain, trouble with relationships, or difficulties at your place of employment. You may feel stuck in your life or need to clarify personal values and goals. I am skilled and experienced at working with people facing a variety of mental health and related challenges. I specialize in working with people 18 years old and older. My approach to therapy starts with the idea that people are usually the best experts on their own lives.
You may be experiencing anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, a personality disorder, another mental health challenge, chronic pain, trouble with relationships, or difficulties at your place of employment. You may feel stuck in your life or need to clarify personal values and goals. I am skilled and experienced at working with people facing a variety of mental health and related challenges. I specialize in working with people 18 years old and older. My approach to therapy starts with the idea that people are usually the best experts on their own lives.
(520) 335-3987 View (520) 335-3987
Photo of Brittany Cabezas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Brittany Cabezas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85704  (Online Only)
Humans are resilient and have an innate ability to heal. My goal is to meet you where you are currently at and build the therapeutic rapport necessary to assist you in your process of learning, growing and changing your circumstances by challenging things that no longer serve you. I provide a safe space, free of judgement, so you can show up authentically. We will work together to achieve your therapeutic goals by utilizing a variety of modalities, customized to your individual needs, with a strengths-based approach.
Humans are resilient and have an innate ability to heal. My goal is to meet you where you are currently at and build the therapeutic rapport necessary to assist you in your process of learning, growing and changing your circumstances by challenging things that no longer serve you. I provide a safe space, free of judgement, so you can show up authentically. We will work together to achieve your therapeutic goals by utilizing a variety of modalities, customized to your individual needs, with a strengths-based approach.
(520) 386-0286 View (520) 386-0286
Photo of Barbara Grinnell LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Barbara Grinnell LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85712
To believe in yourself, trust your decisions and gain greater insight as you go through life's challenges: I would like to help you explore possible negative messages that have effected your sense of self I honor the courage it takes to be vulnerable to making changes. I view the therapeutic relationship as sacred, therefore, I provide a safe environment for you to share. My specialties include self esteem/self awareness, grief and loss, ptsd, inner child healing, anxieties, fears, decision making, personal boundaries, and dealing with life transitions.
To believe in yourself, trust your decisions and gain greater insight as you go through life's challenges: I would like to help you explore possible negative messages that have effected your sense of self I honor the courage it takes to be vulnerable to making changes. I view the therapeutic relationship as sacred, therefore, I provide a safe environment for you to share. My specialties include self esteem/self awareness, grief and loss, ptsd, inner child healing, anxieties, fears, decision making, personal boundaries, and dealing with life transitions.
(520) 433-4183 View (520) 433-4183
Photo of Kristi Painter, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Kristi Painter
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85704
Not accepting new clients
My passion is helping people connect in healthy ways, healing wounds that prevent us from living full lives and becoming our whole selves. Childhood abuse, attachment struggles, codependency, and dysfunctional family systems can leave us hurt and guarded, but we can overcome these wounds. We can find love within ourselves, we can connect in healthy ways, and this is something we deserve in our lives. My hope is for you to live a beautiful life, accepting yourself, allowing yourself to be loved. I believe I have tools to assist you in this journey and would be honored to be your guide.
My passion is helping people connect in healthy ways, healing wounds that prevent us from living full lives and becoming our whole selves. Childhood abuse, attachment struggles, codependency, and dysfunctional family systems can leave us hurt and guarded, but we can overcome these wounds. We can find love within ourselves, we can connect in healthy ways, and this is something we deserve in our lives. My hope is for you to live a beautiful life, accepting yourself, allowing yourself to be loved. I believe I have tools to assist you in this journey and would be honored to be your guide.
(520) 729-4823 View (520) 729-4823
Photo of Leslie McCormick, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Leslie McCormick
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA, R-DMT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85701
Waitlist for new clients
You’re searching for meaning or purpose in life. Perhaps you want to trust your intuition more. You feel at a crossroads. You’ve been successful in your work but feel a bit unsatisfied. You’re stable but lacking joie de vivre. You’re a creative, but not feeling all that creative right now. You sense this isn't something your sharp intellect or talk therapy can help you with. You feel your body holds wisdom for you, but you don’t know how to access it. I put decades of experience in psychotherapy and depth, creative, and contemplative processes in service of guiding and witnessing your unfolding into a more authentic, at-peace you.
You’re searching for meaning or purpose in life. Perhaps you want to trust your intuition more. You feel at a crossroads. You’ve been successful in your work but feel a bit unsatisfied. You’re stable but lacking joie de vivre. You’re a creative, but not feeling all that creative right now. You sense this isn't something your sharp intellect or talk therapy can help you with. You feel your body holds wisdom for you, but you don’t know how to access it. I put decades of experience in psychotherapy and depth, creative, and contemplative processes in service of guiding and witnessing your unfolding into a more authentic, at-peace you.
(520) 502-7391 View (520) 502-7391
Photo of Erin Kelly, Marriage & Family Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Erin Kelly
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85704
Caring. Understanding. Empathic. Encouraging. These are all qualities you will experience while working with me as we navigate your path towards self-exploration. Research shows that the relationship between the therapist and the client is a significant contributing factor in the success of therapy. This is why I make every effort to put my clients at ease starting from the moment you walk in the door at your first session. I want to create a collaborative relationship with you so that, together, we can take steps to improve the quality of your relationships, your family, your life.
Caring. Understanding. Empathic. Encouraging. These are all qualities you will experience while working with me as we navigate your path towards self-exploration. Research shows that the relationship between the therapist and the client is a significant contributing factor in the success of therapy. This is why I make every effort to put my clients at ease starting from the moment you walk in the door at your first session. I want to create a collaborative relationship with you so that, together, we can take steps to improve the quality of your relationships, your family, your life.
(520) 619-7281 View (520) 619-7281
Zamora Counseling
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85745
Am I the right therapist for You? While you are here researching the best therapist for you, please consider the following five benefits of my practice: 1. Counseling for a wide range of issues such as: Depression, Anxiety, Marriage, Divorce, Parenting, Relationships. 2. Individual, Couples, and Teen/Adolescent Therapy. 3. 14 Years Experience in Tucson, AZ. 4. Bilingual: I am fluent in English and Spanish 5. Convenient Location: My practice is just minutes from I-10/Downtown Tucson.
Am I the right therapist for You? While you are here researching the best therapist for you, please consider the following five benefits of my practice: 1. Counseling for a wide range of issues such as: Depression, Anxiety, Marriage, Divorce, Parenting, Relationships. 2. Individual, Couples, and Teen/Adolescent Therapy. 3. 14 Years Experience in Tucson, AZ. 4. Bilingual: I am fluent in English and Spanish 5. Convenient Location: My practice is just minutes from I-10/Downtown Tucson.
(520) 366-8089 View (520) 366-8089
Photo of Jenna Jarrold, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Jenna Jarrold
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85715
I have many years experience working in a variety of settings, including community behavioral health, residential treatment, and intensive outpatient programs. I have worked with individuals with a range of struggles including depression, anxiety, trauma, eating disorders, and substance abuse. I have a strong background in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical-behavioral therapy (DBT), and mindfulness, and use an integrative approach to meet the unique needs of each individual.
I have many years experience working in a variety of settings, including community behavioral health, residential treatment, and intensive outpatient programs. I have worked with individuals with a range of struggles including depression, anxiety, trauma, eating disorders, and substance abuse. I have a strong background in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical-behavioral therapy (DBT), and mindfulness, and use an integrative approach to meet the unique needs of each individual.
(520) 523-4902 View (520) 523-4902
Photo of Suzanne Lovejoy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Suzanne Lovejoy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CEFT
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85718  (Online Only)
Are you looking for more Resilience in your life & relationships? Would you like to learn how to improve your focus, attention & emotional presence with others? Hello, my name is Suzanne Lovejoy. I am a licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. I am also a certified Emotionally Focused Therapist. I offer an Integrative, Mindful Approach to Relational Resilience and Wellness​.
Are you looking for more Resilience in your life & relationships? Would you like to learn how to improve your focus, attention & emotional presence with others? Hello, my name is Suzanne Lovejoy. I am a licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. I am also a certified Emotionally Focused Therapist. I offer an Integrative, Mindful Approach to Relational Resilience and Wellness​.
(520) 253-7560 View (520) 253-7560
Photo of Gabriela Huber, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Gabriela Huber
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, MBA
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85750
Do you struggle with anxiety? You're not alone. Anxiety affects approximately 19% of the population, yet finding lasting relief can be elusive. That's where I come in. I specialize in treating anxiety disorders and related conditions such as OCD, panic, and phobias, employing proven modalities like ERP, CBT, and i-CBT. Whether you're an adult, child, or part of a family, I provide therapy in both English and Spanish.
Do you struggle with anxiety? You're not alone. Anxiety affects approximately 19% of the population, yet finding lasting relief can be elusive. That's where I come in. I specialize in treating anxiety disorders and related conditions such as OCD, panic, and phobias, employing proven modalities like ERP, CBT, and i-CBT. Whether you're an adult, child, or part of a family, I provide therapy in both English and Spanish.
(520) 335-9632 View (520) 335-9632
Photo of Peggie Rodriguez, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Peggie Rodriguez
Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC, CDVC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85712
I have a passion for working with any individual, family or group who want to make changes and/or grow in any or all areas of their lives. As a result of over 30 years of personal and professional experience, I've had great success helping people with relationship and domestic violence issues, couples struggling with communication and trust issues, families seeking parent/child solutions, and any individual trying to heal past or current life struggles that are causing blockages to internal peace, a sense of purpose and developing complete wellness.
I have a passion for working with any individual, family or group who want to make changes and/or grow in any or all areas of their lives. As a result of over 30 years of personal and professional experience, I've had great success helping people with relationship and domestic violence issues, couples struggling with communication and trust issues, families seeking parent/child solutions, and any individual trying to heal past or current life struggles that are causing blockages to internal peace, a sense of purpose and developing complete wellness.
(520) 201-1642 View (520) 201-1642
Photo of Frances Theby Spillane Emdr Intensives, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Frances Theby Spillane Emdr Intensives
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85716
Are you tired of your pain? It might be the pain of a difficult childhood, a traumatic experience, or a difficult relationship. I help individuals and couples heal, connect and grow through two transformative paths: Relational Life Therapy and EMDR (Intensives, EMDR 2.0). In couples therapy, my goal is to guide you and your partner on a journey of healing, reconnecting, and strengthening your bond. Together, we'll address the disconnects in your relationship, improve communication, rebuild trust, and foster a deeper emotional connection. Our goal is to create a partnership of Fierce Intimacy, where you both thrive.
Are you tired of your pain? It might be the pain of a difficult childhood, a traumatic experience, or a difficult relationship. I help individuals and couples heal, connect and grow through two transformative paths: Relational Life Therapy and EMDR (Intensives, EMDR 2.0). In couples therapy, my goal is to guide you and your partner on a journey of healing, reconnecting, and strengthening your bond. Together, we'll address the disconnects in your relationship, improve communication, rebuild trust, and foster a deeper emotional connection. Our goal is to create a partnership of Fierce Intimacy, where you both thrive.
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Photo of Erica Wagner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Erica Wagner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85718
Talking about problems can be difficult, not to mention taking action to solve them. The change process unfolds when you are listened to and understood. With warmth, humor, interest, and respect, I will help you focus on action steps as well as just talking as you make and maintain contact with your goals and also with your hopes and dreams. To do so I will also help you examine any life patterns, active in the present or originating from the past, that contribute to feeling stuck. Assisting you to bring mindfulness, commitment, and self-compassion into the change process will be my role.
Talking about problems can be difficult, not to mention taking action to solve them. The change process unfolds when you are listened to and understood. With warmth, humor, interest, and respect, I will help you focus on action steps as well as just talking as you make and maintain contact with your goals and also with your hopes and dreams. To do so I will also help you examine any life patterns, active in the present or originating from the past, that contribute to feeling stuck. Assisting you to bring mindfulness, commitment, and self-compassion into the change process will be my role.
(520) 402-1552 View (520) 402-1552
Photo of Celeste Oros McBirnie, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Celeste Oros McBirnie
Counselor, LPC, MC, BHP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85704
I have had the pleasure of working as a therapist for over 10 years and look forward to discussing ways to support you.
I have had the pleasure of working as a therapist for over 10 years and look forward to discussing ways to support you.
(928) 212-5615 View (928) 212-5615
Photo of Thomas Macewicz, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Thomas Macewicz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, CRC, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85711
I work with a variety of clients who experience a variety of concerns related to unhealthy or poor coping skills, life transitions, and finding personal meaning.Whether the concern feels minute or overwhelming, I believe that most concerns can be addressed, reversed, or reduced by changing the way that one thinks about the situation and implementing new strategies of problem solving. If a client is willing to change, and persistent in their efforts towards changing, they can make their goals a reality.
I work with a variety of clients who experience a variety of concerns related to unhealthy or poor coping skills, life transitions, and finding personal meaning.Whether the concern feels minute or overwhelming, I believe that most concerns can be addressed, reversed, or reduced by changing the way that one thinks about the situation and implementing new strategies of problem solving. If a client is willing to change, and persistent in their efforts towards changing, they can make their goals a reality.
(520) 357-9052 View (520) 357-9052
Photo of Cindy Johnson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Cindy Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85716
Not accepting new clients
Thank you for your interest. With over 20 years experience in the field of psychotherapy, I have many skills and tools to empower you to find your path to healing. You deserve to be understood and helped; this is where true healing and restoration of balance begins. It is my honor to have helped guide people to their chosen goals, remaining true to themselves or maybe finding their authentic selves along the way. I ask that you bring your full self, and I'll bring my objective ear and what I have learned are effective tools to create meaningful and lasting changes.
Thank you for your interest. With over 20 years experience in the field of psychotherapy, I have many skills and tools to empower you to find your path to healing. You deserve to be understood and helped; this is where true healing and restoration of balance begins. It is my honor to have helped guide people to their chosen goals, remaining true to themselves or maybe finding their authentic selves along the way. I ask that you bring your full self, and I'll bring my objective ear and what I have learned are effective tools to create meaningful and lasting changes.
(520) 827-6058 View (520) 827-6058
Photo of Leslie H Donnelly, Psychologist in Tucson, AZ
Leslie H Donnelly
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85704
I can offer honest and straightforward help for your issues. I specialize in anxiety, trauma, and depression. Provide EMDR and Accelerated Resolution Therapy for trauma. I can offer you practical solutions to your concerns in a brief time period. I have practiced for over 25 years. I am licensed in both MD and AZ. If you reside in MD, your sessions would be via telehealth. Online therapy sessions combine the intimate and confidential atmosphere of the therapist's office with the convenience of logging on to a video call from the comfort of your own home.
I can offer honest and straightforward help for your issues. I specialize in anxiety, trauma, and depression. Provide EMDR and Accelerated Resolution Therapy for trauma. I can offer you practical solutions to your concerns in a brief time period. I have practiced for over 25 years. I am licensed in both MD and AZ. If you reside in MD, your sessions would be via telehealth. Online therapy sessions combine the intimate and confidential atmosphere of the therapist's office with the convenience of logging on to a video call from the comfort of your own home.
(520) 317-7269 View (520) 317-7269
Photo of Cathy L Zipp, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Cathy L Zipp
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85718
If you're ready for a kick-butt therapist, let's talk. I teach, support, inspire, give homework-and hold you accountable for making progress. Advanced techniques in EMDR will restore stability FAST. You will have fun again SOON & heal your traumas FOR GOOD. Big T & little t trauma work will pay off. It requires an investment of time & money, and you are worth it. Plan to cry & laugh a lot. My book, MidLife with Style, hit #1 on Amazon. Thanks everyone! I'll show you how to kick butt in Mid Life!
If you're ready for a kick-butt therapist, let's talk. I teach, support, inspire, give homework-and hold you accountable for making progress. Advanced techniques in EMDR will restore stability FAST. You will have fun again SOON & heal your traumas FOR GOOD. Big T & little t trauma work will pay off. It requires an investment of time & money, and you are worth it. Plan to cry & laugh a lot. My book, MidLife with Style, hit #1 on Amazon. Thanks everyone! I'll show you how to kick butt in Mid Life!
(520) 401-5995 View (520) 401-5995
Photo of Stephanie Neidermyer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Stephanie Neidermyer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85704
Welcome and thank you for looking at my profile. I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist and have been working in the field for over 20 years. I work primarily with adults in individual, couples and family therapy. I am also a Certified Sex Therapist and work with individuals and couples struggling with sexual dysfunction. Clients have found my systemic training and orientation to be particularly effective for couples and family therapy or when working on relationship and family of origin issues in individual therapy.
Welcome and thank you for looking at my profile. I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist and have been working in the field for over 20 years. I work primarily with adults in individual, couples and family therapy. I am also a Certified Sex Therapist and work with individuals and couples struggling with sexual dysfunction. Clients have found my systemic training and orientation to be particularly effective for couples and family therapy or when working on relationship and family of origin issues in individual therapy.
(520) 827-8204 View (520) 827-8204
Photo of Sarah Love, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Sarah Love
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85710  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Sarah Love is a psychotherapist offering support to adults who are healing from traumatic relationships. Her approach is calm, collaborative, and warm, honoring the complexity of lived experience. With training in EMDR, trauma-focused CBT, and multisystemic therapy, she also draws from attachment-based, feminist, and psychodynamic interventions.
Sarah Love is a psychotherapist offering support to adults who are healing from traumatic relationships. Her approach is calm, collaborative, and warm, honoring the complexity of lived experience. With training in EMDR, trauma-focused CBT, and multisystemic therapy, she also draws from attachment-based, feminist, and psychodynamic interventions.
(520) 523-7453 View (520) 523-7453

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Tucson, AZ

900+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Tucson, AZ who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
89% Depression
81% Self Esteem
79% Relationship Issues
75% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
67% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
67% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Tucson, AZ see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Tucson?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.