Therapists in Austin, TX

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Photo of Elizabeth A Puglise, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Elizabeth A Puglise
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78759
I specialize in helping those who are looking for a better quality of life. I'm an experienced therapist who has helped many individuals discover what has been missing from their lives by tackling fears and worry thoughts that have created stagnancy and the feeling of "being stuck." I have my BA from the University of Texas of Austin in 2005 and an M.A. in Counseling Psychology from Saint Edward's University in 2009.
I specialize in helping those who are looking for a better quality of life. I'm an experienced therapist who has helped many individuals discover what has been missing from their lives by tackling fears and worry thoughts that have created stagnancy and the feeling of "being stuck." I have my BA from the University of Texas of Austin in 2005 and an M.A. in Counseling Psychology from Saint Edward's University in 2009.
(512) 270-2147 View (512) 270-2147
Photo of Deep Eddy Psychotherapy, Psychologist in Austin, TX
Deep Eddy Psychotherapy
Psychologist, PhD, CGP, LCSW, LPC, PsyD
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78703
Deep Eddy Psychotherapy is a leading mental health practice with providers all across the state of Texas. We serve kids, adults, and couples through evidence-based psychotherapy and assessment methods. Learn more at DeepEddyPsychotherapy.com
Deep Eddy Psychotherapy is a leading mental health practice with providers all across the state of Texas. We serve kids, adults, and couples through evidence-based psychotherapy and assessment methods. Learn more at DeepEddyPsychotherapy.com
(512) 861-8779 View (512) 861-8779
Photo of Olivia Kraus, Psychologist in Austin, TX
Olivia Kraus
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78731
I like to work with clients who want more than short-term symptom relief; I want to help you make meaningful and sustainable changes. I enjoy working with clients motivated to better understand themselves and improve their quality of life, especially as they navigate challenges related to anxiety, lack of confidence, life transitions (and/or stagnancy), gender roles, and relationships (e.g., friendships, family relationships, professional relationships, and dating/romantic relationships).
I like to work with clients who want more than short-term symptom relief; I want to help you make meaningful and sustainable changes. I enjoy working with clients motivated to better understand themselves and improve their quality of life, especially as they navigate challenges related to anxiety, lack of confidence, life transitions (and/or stagnancy), gender roles, and relationships (e.g., friendships, family relationships, professional relationships, and dating/romantic relationships).
(210) 750-6401 View (210) 750-6401
Photo of Kate Cotnam, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Kate Cotnam
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78745
I have worked as a therapist in a wide range of settings for over a decade now, and during this time, the one thing that I have seen repeatedly is that the therapeutic process is wholly unique for each individual client, whether they be middle schoolers, college students, or senior adults. When it comes to my therapeutic approach, it is relational and person-centered. I have found that there is no “one-size-fits-all” template. I firmly believe that you, the client, are the expert on you, and my job is to facilitate your journey towards healing and trusting yourself.
I have worked as a therapist in a wide range of settings for over a decade now, and during this time, the one thing that I have seen repeatedly is that the therapeutic process is wholly unique for each individual client, whether they be middle schoolers, college students, or senior adults. When it comes to my therapeutic approach, it is relational and person-centered. I have found that there is no “one-size-fits-all” template. I firmly believe that you, the client, are the expert on you, and my job is to facilitate your journey towards healing and trusting yourself.
(512) 714-3403 View (512) 714-3403
Photo of Courtney Lougheed, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Austin, TX
Courtney Lougheed
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA, LPC-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78739  (Online Only)
I work with individuals as well as couples looking to regain footing in a chaotic world. Specializing in working with childhood complex trauma, I encourage clients to explore emotions from a place of curiosity and agency. I focus on helping clients learn and embody a secure attachment. When working with couples, I like to help each individual soften towards themselves, and in turn, develop vulnerability and trust in each other. Learning to become a team theough all the highs and lows in life is foundational for a healthy relationship.
I work with individuals as well as couples looking to regain footing in a chaotic world. Specializing in working with childhood complex trauma, I encourage clients to explore emotions from a place of curiosity and agency. I focus on helping clients learn and embody a secure attachment. When working with couples, I like to help each individual soften towards themselves, and in turn, develop vulnerability and trust in each other. Learning to become a team theough all the highs and lows in life is foundational for a healthy relationship.
(737) 637-3569 View (737) 637-3569
Photo of Ana Maria Rodriguez, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Ana Maria Rodriguez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78704
I believe in counseling through compassion, authenticity, dedication, and perspective. Together we can work to find health and balance in all facets of your life; where you can transcend from pain into empowerment. Whether you are in search of stress management, lifestyle changes, or looking for relief from a more serious issue, this service is designed to provide individual counseling services for adults.
I believe in counseling through compassion, authenticity, dedication, and perspective. Together we can work to find health and balance in all facets of your life; where you can transcend from pain into empowerment. Whether you are in search of stress management, lifestyle changes, or looking for relief from a more serious issue, this service is designed to provide individual counseling services for adults.
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Photo of Rena Pazienza, Psychologist in Austin, TX
Rena Pazienza
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78701  (Online Only)
Hi, I’m Dr. Rena Pazienza. I have over 8 years of experience providing evidence-based individual and couples counseling. Currently, I work with adults (18+) throughout the state of Texas via telehealth. I specialize in treating depression, trauma & PTSD, and grief & loss. I also provide support for those experiencing burnout and compassion fatigue. Clients often describe me as warm, empathic, and strengths-based. I aim to provide a balance of support and challenge to help you meet your goals.
Hi, I’m Dr. Rena Pazienza. I have over 8 years of experience providing evidence-based individual and couples counseling. Currently, I work with adults (18+) throughout the state of Texas via telehealth. I specialize in treating depression, trauma & PTSD, and grief & loss. I also provide support for those experiencing burnout and compassion fatigue. Clients often describe me as warm, empathic, and strengths-based. I aim to provide a balance of support and challenge to help you meet your goals.
(512) 729-3332 View (512) 729-3332
Photo of Austin Family Counseling , Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Austin Family Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMFT , LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78746
Austin Family Counseling (AFC) is a counseling practice providing expert-level guidance and support for families, children, couples, and individuals. We are a unique group of therapists who will not only help you feel connected and cared for, but also provide you with guidance and expertise that will give you what you need to restore hope and connection in your life and relationships.
Austin Family Counseling (AFC) is a counseling practice providing expert-level guidance and support for families, children, couples, and individuals. We are a unique group of therapists who will not only help you feel connected and cared for, but also provide you with guidance and expertise that will give you what you need to restore hope and connection in your life and relationships.
(737) 252-6391 View (737) 252-6391
Photo of Amy Hoffman, Pre-Licensed Professional in Austin, TX
Amy Hoffman
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78745
Life can feel so chaotic and overwhelming and trying to find help in the midst of that is hard: you’re making progress if you’re looking! Maybe you are curious about therapy, just want life to make more sense, or are ready to solve some problems. In any case, I’d be honored to meet with you on your journey. It may seem nearly impossible in the thick of it, but therapy can help you order your inner world to feel less buffeted by anxiety, depression, emotional stress, health problems, or just the news. Many of us fear our emotions or try to ignore them when they are actually an incredible resource for the energy to solve our problems.
Life can feel so chaotic and overwhelming and trying to find help in the midst of that is hard: you’re making progress if you’re looking! Maybe you are curious about therapy, just want life to make more sense, or are ready to solve some problems. In any case, I’d be honored to meet with you on your journey. It may seem nearly impossible in the thick of it, but therapy can help you order your inner world to feel less buffeted by anxiety, depression, emotional stress, health problems, or just the news. Many of us fear our emotions or try to ignore them when they are actually an incredible resource for the energy to solve our problems.
(512) 540-3177 View (512) 540-3177
Photo of Macie Ponseigo, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Macie Ponseigo
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78759  (Online Only)
Embarking on this journey, whether it feels daunting or exciting, takes courage, and I'm here to support you every step of the way. I have worked with adults exploring a variety of issues including anxiety, depression, low self-worth, family of origin dynamics, and trauma. I also enjoy working with couples and am deeply committed to fostering understanding, communication, and healing within the relationship. In therapy I am passionate about helping my clients understand what is going on in their mind and body to help them release the shame they are carrying for whatever reason they are in therapy.
Embarking on this journey, whether it feels daunting or exciting, takes courage, and I'm here to support you every step of the way. I have worked with adults exploring a variety of issues including anxiety, depression, low self-worth, family of origin dynamics, and trauma. I also enjoy working with couples and am deeply committed to fostering understanding, communication, and healing within the relationship. In therapy I am passionate about helping my clients understand what is going on in their mind and body to help them release the shame they are carrying for whatever reason they are in therapy.
(737) 520-3149 View (737) 520-3149
Photo of Jonathan McNutt, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Jonathan McNutt
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78758  (Online Only)
If you’re struggling with difficult thoughts and feelings, your relationships, or are just feeling stressed and overwhelmed… I can understand that! It can be really hard to be a human being, especially in the last few years. If you’re looking for support with these kinds of issues, you’ve come to the right place. I help adults struggling with issues related to mood and emotions, low self-esteem, relationships, stress, and other difficulties to find greater ease, wellbeing and fulfillment using research-supported approaches to therapy.
If you’re struggling with difficult thoughts and feelings, your relationships, or are just feeling stressed and overwhelmed… I can understand that! It can be really hard to be a human being, especially in the last few years. If you’re looking for support with these kinds of issues, you’ve come to the right place. I help adults struggling with issues related to mood and emotions, low self-esteem, relationships, stress, and other difficulties to find greater ease, wellbeing and fulfillment using research-supported approaches to therapy.
(737) 259-7632 View (737) 259-7632
Photo of Kathryn Whistler Austin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Kathryn Whistler Austin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78746
ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS - My ideal client is someone who is feeling stagnant in their life and longing for more, more meaning, more joy, more balance. I also specialize in working with adults who have experienced childhood trauma that currently effects their ability to build healthy relationships, maintain emotional balance, and/or pursue their goals. I enjoy working with people as they move through life transitions, anything from the loss of a loved one to identity milestones. Additionally, I offer a number of spiritual and energy services that support a holistic approach to healing.
ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS - My ideal client is someone who is feeling stagnant in their life and longing for more, more meaning, more joy, more balance. I also specialize in working with adults who have experienced childhood trauma that currently effects their ability to build healthy relationships, maintain emotional balance, and/or pursue their goals. I enjoy working with people as they move through life transitions, anything from the loss of a loved one to identity milestones. Additionally, I offer a number of spiritual and energy services that support a holistic approach to healing.
(202) 499-7359 View (202) 499-7359
Photo of Love From Above Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Love From Above Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78705  (Online Only)
I will work collaboratively and compassionately tailored to the unique strengths, struggles, and experiences of my clients. I specialize in working with adolescents and adults that may be struggling with anxiety, depression, anger management, trauma. The treatment modality I focus on using a person centered approach, CBT, Solution Focused. Together we will talk about what your facing and I will assist you in reaching your goals. My goal as your therapist is to create a safe place where your comfortable so, that we can collaboratively resolve the core issues that are holding you back from reaching your goals.
I will work collaboratively and compassionately tailored to the unique strengths, struggles, and experiences of my clients. I specialize in working with adolescents and adults that may be struggling with anxiety, depression, anger management, trauma. The treatment modality I focus on using a person centered approach, CBT, Solution Focused. Together we will talk about what your facing and I will assist you in reaching your goals. My goal as your therapist is to create a safe place where your comfortable so, that we can collaboratively resolve the core issues that are holding you back from reaching your goals.
(512) 960-1893 View (512) 960-1893
Photo of Penny Kruger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Penny Kruger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78759
Penny completed her Masters in Social Work at Tulane University in New Orleans. She has been practicing clinical social work for 27 years at all levels of clinical care with a variety of clinical areas including mood disorders, sexual trauma, sexual compulsivity, domestic violence offender treatment, and personality disorders. She is intensively trained in Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Radically Open DBT and founded the first adult DBT Intensive Outpatient Program in Austin in 2006. She acted as the Clinical Lead for this program until 2020, training and supervising many of the current DBT clinicians in the Austin area.
Penny completed her Masters in Social Work at Tulane University in New Orleans. She has been practicing clinical social work for 27 years at all levels of clinical care with a variety of clinical areas including mood disorders, sexual trauma, sexual compulsivity, domestic violence offender treatment, and personality disorders. She is intensively trained in Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Radically Open DBT and founded the first adult DBT Intensive Outpatient Program in Austin in 2006. She acted as the Clinical Lead for this program until 2020, training and supervising many of the current DBT clinicians in the Austin area.
(512) 902-3282 View (512) 902-3282
Photo of Zee Robinson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Zee Robinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78712  (Online Only)
Welcome! With over 8 years of experience, my goal is to provide intentional and quality therapeutic services. I am licensed and trained to work with individuals of all ages over a variety of concerns. With an open, non-judgmental, and evidence based approach, I believe that we can work together to create an ideal environment for your healing and growth. Together, through thoughtful collaboration, we can move through hard things!
Welcome! With over 8 years of experience, my goal is to provide intentional and quality therapeutic services. I am licensed and trained to work with individuals of all ages over a variety of concerns. With an open, non-judgmental, and evidence based approach, I believe that we can work together to create an ideal environment for your healing and growth. Together, through thoughtful collaboration, we can move through hard things!
(817) 646-8347 View (817) 646-8347
Photo of Mio Hector Alvarado, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Austin, TX
Mio Hector Alvarado
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCDC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78704
I have witnessed the destructive power of addiction firsthand as a musician. Substance abuse issues plague the music community, I saw families torn apart, lives ruined, and dreams shattered. These experiences left an indelible mark on my soul and ignited a deep passion within me to make a difference in the lives of those affected by addiction. Through my journey, I have understood that addiction is a complex, multifaceted issue affecting individuals from all walks of life. This realization has fueled my commitment to serving with compassion and empathy.
I have witnessed the destructive power of addiction firsthand as a musician. Substance abuse issues plague the music community, I saw families torn apart, lives ruined, and dreams shattered. These experiences left an indelible mark on my soul and ignited a deep passion within me to make a difference in the lives of those affected by addiction. Through my journey, I have understood that addiction is a complex, multifaceted issue affecting individuals from all walks of life. This realization has fueled my commitment to serving with compassion and empathy.
(512) 543-2458 View (512) 543-2458
Photo of Respark Therapy & Associates, Marriage & Family Therapist in Austin, TX
Respark Therapy & Associates
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LPC-S, LMFT-S, CST, AASECT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78746
Need a Certified Sex Therapist or Couple's Therapist? Having relationship issues? Feeling disconnected or is the spark gone? If you have questions, we can help. We work with individuals and couples who are struggling with their relationships and/or sexuality. Together we can resolve conflicts and light the fire by learning practical tools that will stick. Whether it's constant conflict or difficulty connecting, there is hope. We help clients gain confidence, rebuild trust, and find passion and meaning in their relationships and lives. We are non-judgmental and affirming to all lifestyles, orientations, and relationship practices.
Need a Certified Sex Therapist or Couple's Therapist? Having relationship issues? Feeling disconnected or is the spark gone? If you have questions, we can help. We work with individuals and couples who are struggling with their relationships and/or sexuality. Together we can resolve conflicts and light the fire by learning practical tools that will stick. Whether it's constant conflict or difficulty connecting, there is hope. We help clients gain confidence, rebuild trust, and find passion and meaning in their relationships and lives. We are non-judgmental and affirming to all lifestyles, orientations, and relationship practices.
(512) 337-4754 View (512) 337-4754
Photo of Loraine Swift, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Loraine Swift
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78705  (Online Only)
I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor and received a Master's Degree in Counseling from Wayland Baptist University. I also have a Master's Degree from Embry Riddle University in Management. I'm also a Certified Texas Teacher and School Counselor. I believe that in the past, families had a community (a village) to help with family matters - they were surrounded by parents, grandparents, siblings, aunts, uncles, and cousins- today families in general don't have the same support as their great grandparents may have had. So, it may be more necessary to seek outside assistance from therapist such as myself today than in past generations.
I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor and received a Master's Degree in Counseling from Wayland Baptist University. I also have a Master's Degree from Embry Riddle University in Management. I'm also a Certified Texas Teacher and School Counselor. I believe that in the past, families had a community (a village) to help with family matters - they were surrounded by parents, grandparents, siblings, aunts, uncles, and cousins- today families in general don't have the same support as their great grandparents may have had. So, it may be more necessary to seek outside assistance from therapist such as myself today than in past generations.
(737) 299-8592 View (737) 299-8592
Photo of Derek Royce Jesko, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Derek Royce Jesko
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78704  (Online Only)
Trauma comes in numerous forms, many of which remain just below the surface, unconsciously directing our lives, impacting our relationships, and stunting our unique pursuit of happiness. Thankfully, mental health services are no longer strictly designated for those amongst us experiencing the most overt forms of dysfunction. From those in need of initial trauma recovery and basic life stabilization to those looking to maximize their potential and optimize their lifestyle, my ideal client simply seeks to shed the bindings of the past in pursuit of a more authentic and fulfilling life.
Trauma comes in numerous forms, many of which remain just below the surface, unconsciously directing our lives, impacting our relationships, and stunting our unique pursuit of happiness. Thankfully, mental health services are no longer strictly designated for those amongst us experiencing the most overt forms of dysfunction. From those in need of initial trauma recovery and basic life stabilization to those looking to maximize their potential and optimize their lifestyle, my ideal client simply seeks to shed the bindings of the past in pursuit of a more authentic and fulfilling life.
(325) 440-7853 View (325) 440-7853
Photo of Ample + Rooted, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Ample + Rooted
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S, CGP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78704
**ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS!*** Ample + Rooted provides an affirming and welcoming home for diverse individuals to reclaim their inherent worth. Through therapy, mindfulness practices, courses, trainings and events, we support, guide and hold space for our clients to feel valued, nurtured and nourished. We believe healing and growth happen when you feel truly seen and understood. Our individual, relationship and group therapy services are available to folx of all backgrounds, orientations, identities, expressions, and relationship and family constellations.
**ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS!*** Ample + Rooted provides an affirming and welcoming home for diverse individuals to reclaim their inherent worth. Through therapy, mindfulness practices, courses, trainings and events, we support, guide and hold space for our clients to feel valued, nurtured and nourished. We believe healing and growth happen when you feel truly seen and understood. Our individual, relationship and group therapy services are available to folx of all backgrounds, orientations, identities, expressions, and relationship and family constellations.
(512) 394-4156 View (512) 394-4156

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Austin, TX

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Austin, TX who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
64% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Austin, TX see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Austin?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.