Therapists in Chicopee, MA

Photo of Dr. Maria Aponte, Counselor in Chicopee, MA
Dr. Maria Aponte
Counselor, M Ed, LMHC, MFT, ADC
Verified Verified
Chicopee, MA 01013
I am passionate about working with families, groups and individuals with a holistic approach. I enjoy seeing how the restorative power of the Gospel, in conjunction with evidence-based theories can have a transformation effect in the lives I have been privileged to serve. I have worked with families struggling with relationship problems, as well as individuals dealing with depression, trauma, addictions and anxiety. I consider myself Spiritual, Compassionate and eager to help others manage their life in a more holistic manner. I'm passionate about working with families, groups and individuals with a holistic approach.
I am passionate about working with families, groups and individuals with a holistic approach. I enjoy seeing how the restorative power of the Gospel, in conjunction with evidence-based theories can have a transformation effect in the lives I have been privileged to serve. I have worked with families struggling with relationship problems, as well as individuals dealing with depression, trauma, addictions and anxiety. I consider myself Spiritual, Compassionate and eager to help others manage their life in a more holistic manner. I'm passionate about working with families, groups and individuals with a holistic approach.
(413) 299-2204 View (413) 299-2204
Photo of Donna Merrill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicopee, MA
Donna Merrill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Chicopee, MA 01020
DCF-involved families, (reunification and custody-related) families in conflict/relationship struggles, parenting children who have experienced trauma or delays/disabilities, work with teens, anyone wanting to explore their own family patterns to break the cycle for themselves and/or their family, people in recovery, people experiencing challenges with after-incarceration transitions, issues related to anger management and parenting struggles, strategies for handling behavioral/school-related issues with children-including issues related to foster care and adoption.
DCF-involved families, (reunification and custody-related) families in conflict/relationship struggles, parenting children who have experienced trauma or delays/disabilities, work with teens, anyone wanting to explore their own family patterns to break the cycle for themselves and/or their family, people in recovery, people experiencing challenges with after-incarceration transitions, issues related to anger management and parenting struggles, strategies for handling behavioral/school-related issues with children-including issues related to foster care and adoption.
(413) 213-3876 View (413) 213-3876
Photo of Robin E Therrien, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicopee, MA
Robin E Therrien
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Chicopee, MA 01013  (Online Only)
Most often my clients are frustrated, depressed or dealing with trauma. they want to know how to feel better. how to go on, how to continue. they often want some one to listen, some one to understand, some one who is going to empower them to think outside the box for answers and direction.
Most often my clients are frustrated, depressed or dealing with trauma. they want to know how to feel better. how to go on, how to continue. they often want some one to listen, some one to understand, some one who is going to empower them to think outside the box for answers and direction.
(413) 666-1936 View (413) 666-1936
Photo of Sean Bourgeoise, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Chicopee, MA
Sean Bourgeoise
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, LADC I
Verified Verified
Chicopee, MA 01020  (Online Only)
You've arrived here because you're determined to undergo a transformation. You're ready to break free from the past and start moving forward. Congratulations for making it this far! It takes a lot of courage to let go of old habits and envision a new future for yourself. Although it can be intimidating, it's also exciting. Think of it like jumping into a pool. Once you push past your fear and take the leap, change begins to happen. Your body and mind adjust to the refreshing water, and your mood and outlook start to improve.
You've arrived here because you're determined to undergo a transformation. You're ready to break free from the past and start moving forward. Congratulations for making it this far! It takes a lot of courage to let go of old habits and envision a new future for yourself. Although it can be intimidating, it's also exciting. Think of it like jumping into a pool. Once you push past your fear and take the leap, change begins to happen. Your body and mind adjust to the refreshing water, and your mood and outlook start to improve.
(413) 277-7913 View (413) 277-7913
Photo of Cassandra DeQuevedo, Counselor in Chicopee, MA
Cassandra DeQuevedo
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicopee, MA 01020
You’re good at so many things, but you struggle in relationships, with confidence in who you are, or managing grief. Therapy will help you tap into your natural ability for deep connection, inner strength, and healing. Perhaps in Relationships- you struggle with communication, boundaries, or you keep getting stuck in the same patterns? In Identity- you know your worth, but have trouble with your self-esteem? In Grief- you get overwhelmed, and don’t know where to start to feel better? You're ready to master relationships, heal, and be unapologetically yourself.
You’re good at so many things, but you struggle in relationships, with confidence in who you are, or managing grief. Therapy will help you tap into your natural ability for deep connection, inner strength, and healing. Perhaps in Relationships- you struggle with communication, boundaries, or you keep getting stuck in the same patterns? In Identity- you know your worth, but have trouble with your self-esteem? In Grief- you get overwhelmed, and don’t know where to start to feel better? You're ready to master relationships, heal, and be unapologetically yourself.
(413) 402-6436 View (413) 402-6436
Photo of Carolina Clark, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicopee, MA
Carolina Clark
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Chicopee, MA 01020
If I have learned one thing over the years working with children and families, is that healing only happens through connection, through a trusting relationship. Therefore, my main goal when working with folks is to establish a relationship where one feels safe, held, listened to, and valued. I once heard that our work is to walk through a dark and scary forest with people, and not to teach them, coach them, to do it on their own. So no matter how dark and scary your forest is right now, my job is to walk through it with you, and support you every step of the way. I am also a native Portuguese speaker, and speak Spanish as well.
If I have learned one thing over the years working with children and families, is that healing only happens through connection, through a trusting relationship. Therefore, my main goal when working with folks is to establish a relationship where one feels safe, held, listened to, and valued. I once heard that our work is to walk through a dark and scary forest with people, and not to teach them, coach them, to do it on their own. So no matter how dark and scary your forest is right now, my job is to walk through it with you, and support you every step of the way. I am also a native Portuguese speaker, and speak Spanish as well.
(413) 217-1102 View (413) 217-1102
Photo of Karen Paulk, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicopee, MA
Karen Paulk
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicopee, MA 01020  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
As founder of Mending Messages Therapy Center, my mission is to deliver therapeutic messages that help mend broken hearts, minds, spirits, and relationships. I have devoted over 20 years to the field of Social Work and enjoy providing clinical services to individuals, couples, adolescents, and families in need. My focus is on helping identify and build on your inner strengths to help you achieve your desired goals. Together we will develop healthy coping skills and strategies to challenge self-defeating thoughts and barriers, that can prevent you from obtaining the life that you desire.
As founder of Mending Messages Therapy Center, my mission is to deliver therapeutic messages that help mend broken hearts, minds, spirits, and relationships. I have devoted over 20 years to the field of Social Work and enjoy providing clinical services to individuals, couples, adolescents, and families in need. My focus is on helping identify and build on your inner strengths to help you achieve your desired goals. Together we will develop healthy coping skills and strategies to challenge self-defeating thoughts and barriers, that can prevent you from obtaining the life that you desire.
(413) 429-4884 View (413) 429-4884
Photo of Michelle Lynn Selden, Counselor in Chicopee, MA
Michelle Lynn Selden
Counselor, MS CMHC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Chicopee, MA 01020
Waitlist for new clients
Currently Full- Wait list only- Welcome! I'm a Licensed Mental Health Therapist here to help you. Do you feel like you need someone to talk to? Are you looking to work through past trauma, have help with anxiety, learn coping strategies and understand who you really are? Let's work together to help you find your path through waves of wellness.
Currently Full- Wait list only- Welcome! I'm a Licensed Mental Health Therapist here to help you. Do you feel like you need someone to talk to? Are you looking to work through past trauma, have help with anxiety, learn coping strategies and understand who you really are? Let's work together to help you find your path through waves of wellness.
(413) 324-5062 View (413) 324-5062
Photo of Marguerite Haugh, Counselor in Chicopee, MA
Marguerite Haugh
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicopee, MA 01013
The alarm rings. Before you’re fully awake, you’re already feeling agitated. Your eyes open and you feel the tension in your body. You’re ready for something, a conflict, argument, or fight. You’re angry! People are already getting on your nerves. You try to ignore the fists forming in your hands but they’re already there. If one more person tells you to get ahold of yourself, you think you just might snap. It’s all you can do to get through each hour. No one understands. They haven’t lived your life. You’ve lived with this anger for so long that you’ve stopped believing it will ever get better. Still, you long for a peaceful l
The alarm rings. Before you’re fully awake, you’re already feeling agitated. Your eyes open and you feel the tension in your body. You’re ready for something, a conflict, argument, or fight. You’re angry! People are already getting on your nerves. You try to ignore the fists forming in your hands but they’re already there. If one more person tells you to get ahold of yourself, you think you just might snap. It’s all you can do to get through each hour. No one understands. They haven’t lived your life. You’ve lived with this anger for so long that you’ve stopped believing it will ever get better. Still, you long for a peaceful l
(413) 216-2696 View (413) 216-2696
Photo of Diana Marte, Counselor in Chicopee, MA
Diana Marte
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Chicopee, MA 01020
Counseling is a process that helps individuals with emotional and mental health issues by building their self awareness, improving their relationships, and developing new behaviors. For children and adults suffering with mental health related issues, I will work closely with you to help you and your family overcome the difficulties presented and find a better quality of life.
Counseling is a process that helps individuals with emotional and mental health issues by building their self awareness, improving their relationships, and developing new behaviors. For children and adults suffering with mental health related issues, I will work closely with you to help you and your family overcome the difficulties presented and find a better quality of life.
(413) 207-0840 View (413) 207-0840
Photo of Krystyna Ksiazek, Counselor in Chicopee, MA
Krystyna Ksiazek
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Chicopee, MA 01020  (Online Only)
My name is Krystyna Ksiazek. I live in Massachusetts. I am a Licensed Mental Health Clinician. I have been practicing psychotherapy for 29 years and never got sick of it. Seeing my clients succeeding, whether in therapy, adds the meaning to my work. My area of interest is Trauma and Complex-PTSD, Anxiety Spectrum Disorders such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Agoraphobia, phobias, Eating disorders, Depression, and Grief. Also, I have experience in the treatment of anger management problems, self-harm behaviors, and dissociative/split personality disorders.
My name is Krystyna Ksiazek. I live in Massachusetts. I am a Licensed Mental Health Clinician. I have been practicing psychotherapy for 29 years and never got sick of it. Seeing my clients succeeding, whether in therapy, adds the meaning to my work. My area of interest is Trauma and Complex-PTSD, Anxiety Spectrum Disorders such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Agoraphobia, phobias, Eating disorders, Depression, and Grief. Also, I have experience in the treatment of anger management problems, self-harm behaviors, and dissociative/split personality disorders.
(413) 349-5594 View (413) 349-5594
Photo of Joella Raiche, Counselor in Chicopee, MA
Joella Raiche
Counselor, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicopee, MA 01020  (Online Only)
I believe it takes strength and courage to seek therapy. I provide a safe, non-judgmental space in which you can explore attitudes and beliefs/patterns which get in the way of accomplishing your full potential and fully engaging in life. I utilize techniques from positive psychology, psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral and dialectal behavioral therapy to connect my clients with their "true, inner selves," something which we most often lose touch with as we go about our lives in this often unpredictable and stressful world. I also believe in the power of humor and laughter as tools in the healing process.
I believe it takes strength and courage to seek therapy. I provide a safe, non-judgmental space in which you can explore attitudes and beliefs/patterns which get in the way of accomplishing your full potential and fully engaging in life. I utilize techniques from positive psychology, psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral and dialectal behavioral therapy to connect my clients with their "true, inner selves," something which we most often lose touch with as we go about our lives in this often unpredictable and stressful world. I also believe in the power of humor and laughter as tools in the healing process.
(413) 315-4438 View (413) 315-4438
Photo of Cheryl E. Medina, Counselor in Chicopee, MA
Cheryl E. Medina
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicopee, MA 01013
Not accepting new clients
I am a graduate from American International College where I earned my Bachelor of Science in Psychology. I continued my learning endeavors where I earned a Master’s in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. I have experience in individual counseling that centers around individuals that struggle with depression, anxiety, anger issues as well as working with families, elders and adolescents.
I am a graduate from American International College where I earned my Bachelor of Science in Psychology. I continued my learning endeavors where I earned a Master’s in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. I have experience in individual counseling that centers around individuals that struggle with depression, anxiety, anger issues as well as working with families, elders and adolescents.
(413) 296-2936 View (413) 296-2936
Photo of Helen Stojanov-Acford, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Chicopee, MA
Helen Stojanov-Acford
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC1
Verified Verified
Chicopee, MA 01020  (Online Only)
Taking charge of your life is invaluable and daunting task. Embarking on the journey of recovery can be intimidating so finding the right therapist is essential to make this process comfortable and safe. I have years of experience treating adults with addiction and mental health disorders, specializing in substance use disorders, anger management, depression/anxiety, grief, interpersonal relationship issues and trauma. I am certified in Critical Incident Stress Debriefing and psychological first aid for First Responders.
Taking charge of your life is invaluable and daunting task. Embarking on the journey of recovery can be intimidating so finding the right therapist is essential to make this process comfortable and safe. I have years of experience treating adults with addiction and mental health disorders, specializing in substance use disorders, anger management, depression/anxiety, grief, interpersonal relationship issues and trauma. I am certified in Critical Incident Stress Debriefing and psychological first aid for First Responders.
(413) 287-6830 x100 View (413) 287-6830 x100
Photo of Healing Action, LLC, Counselor in Chicopee, MA
Healing Action, LLC
Counselor, LMHC, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicopee, MA 01013  (Online Only)
We are committed to providing affirming, trauma informed care within a therapeutic environment that supports the development of a strong therapeutic relationship. The safety and strength clients draw from that solid dynamic allows them the freedom to examine and embrace their most authentic self. We strive to empower you to be an active participant in your healing process and discover growth edges to develop more adaptive and effective coping mechanisms for life stressors. We facilitate symptom relief that enables you to form healthier relationships with yourself and others.
We are committed to providing affirming, trauma informed care within a therapeutic environment that supports the development of a strong therapeutic relationship. The safety and strength clients draw from that solid dynamic allows them the freedom to examine and embrace their most authentic self. We strive to empower you to be an active participant in your healing process and discover growth edges to develop more adaptive and effective coping mechanisms for life stressors. We facilitate symptom relief that enables you to form healthier relationships with yourself and others.
(413) 287-7386 View (413) 287-7386
Photo of Christopher Gordon Langelier, Counselor in Chicopee, MA
Christopher Gordon Langelier
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Chicopee, MA 01013
My practice focuses on supporting young people ages 10 through 30 as they make the difficult transitions between chilldhood/adolescence and adolescence/young adulthood. Many mental health concerns are either created by or made worse by those transtions. I believe that effective counseling addresses mental health challenges within the context of development and growing up. I utilize a brain/nervous system based approach that incorporates principles of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Zones of Regulation, and Internal Family Systems (IFS).
My practice focuses on supporting young people ages 10 through 30 as they make the difficult transitions between chilldhood/adolescence and adolescence/young adulthood. Many mental health concerns are either created by or made worse by those transtions. I believe that effective counseling addresses mental health challenges within the context of development and growing up. I utilize a brain/nervous system based approach that incorporates principles of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Zones of Regulation, and Internal Family Systems (IFS).
(413) 207-9137 View (413) 207-9137
Photo of Kim Monson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicopee, MA
Kim Monson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicopee, MA 01020
I am a licensed independent clinical social worker with over 12 years of experience providing individual and family therapy with children, youth, young adults and their families. I have worked in outpatient settings, preschools, and residential programs. I specialize in working with clients with ADHD, depression, anxiety, trauma/PTSD, adoption, grief/loss, substance abuse, and anger management.
I am a licensed independent clinical social worker with over 12 years of experience providing individual and family therapy with children, youth, young adults and their families. I have worked in outpatient settings, preschools, and residential programs. I specialize in working with clients with ADHD, depression, anxiety, trauma/PTSD, adoption, grief/loss, substance abuse, and anger management.
(413) 276-4810 View (413) 276-4810
Photo of Michael Sampson, Counselor in Chicopee, MA
Michael Sampson
Counselor, LMHC, MT-BC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicopee, MA 01013  (Online Only)
Hello! I believe in healing that comes through self-compassion, finding a voice, tending to what has been painful, and recognizing self-worth. I work with an awareness to the effects of trauma, and a value for internal strengths. I've been moved to read about being a highly sensitive person, about naming and valuing neurodivergence, about surviving codependency and recovering from shame. My background is in music therapy and spirituality. And I value inclusion and welcome, for cultural community, for LGBT experience, and for all the parts of ourselves longing for home and wholeness.
Hello! I believe in healing that comes through self-compassion, finding a voice, tending to what has been painful, and recognizing self-worth. I work with an awareness to the effects of trauma, and a value for internal strengths. I've been moved to read about being a highly sensitive person, about naming and valuing neurodivergence, about surviving codependency and recovering from shame. My background is in music therapy and spirituality. And I value inclusion and welcome, for cultural community, for LGBT experience, and for all the parts of ourselves longing for home and wholeness.
(413) 422-6189 View (413) 422-6189
Photo of River Valley Counseling Center, Psychologist in Chicopee, MA
River Valley Counseling Center
Psychologist, Psy D, LICSW, LMHC
Verified Verified
Chicopee, MA 01013
RVCC is a multi-service community-based mental health agency serving the Pioneer Valley since 1953. RVCC offers counseling and medication management at offices located in offices located in Holyoke, Chicopee, Easthampton, Springfield, and Westfield. RVCC also provides counseling in schools throughout Hampden and Hampshire Counties and on the campuses of Springfield Technical Community College and Bay Path University.
RVCC is a multi-service community-based mental health agency serving the Pioneer Valley since 1953. RVCC offers counseling and medication management at offices located in offices located in Holyoke, Chicopee, Easthampton, Springfield, and Westfield. RVCC also provides counseling in schools throughout Hampden and Hampshire Counties and on the campuses of Springfield Technical Community College and Bay Path University.
(413) 289-5007 View (413) 289-5007
Photo of Solomon Zinn Hallal, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicopee, MA
Solomon Zinn Hallal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicopee, MA 01013  (Online Only)
Being alive in 2022 is wild! are you ISO someone to help make meaning of this novel time and place? let’s sit in the strangeness of this moment in time together, feeling through the sad and challenging bits until we can get back into the present, together. i love to talk and hear about gender, expression and relationships, and to learn how experiencing addiction and trauma have made you the beautiful and resilient creature you are today! im a sober body posi fat white southern queer non-binary intersectional feminist polyamorist parent to adopted kids..i bet we have something in common!
Being alive in 2022 is wild! are you ISO someone to help make meaning of this novel time and place? let’s sit in the strangeness of this moment in time together, feeling through the sad and challenging bits until we can get back into the present, together. i love to talk and hear about gender, expression and relationships, and to learn how experiencing addiction and trauma have made you the beautiful and resilient creature you are today! im a sober body posi fat white southern queer non-binary intersectional feminist polyamorist parent to adopted kids..i bet we have something in common!
(802) 255-8683 View (802) 255-8683

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicopee, MA

50+

Average cost per session

$122

Therapists in Chicopee, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
76% Trauma and PTSD
71% Coping Skills
69% Grief
67% Relationship Issues
67% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% BlueCross and BlueShield
75% Optum
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicopee, MA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicopee?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.