Therapists in Bloomington, IN

Photo of Alison Leslie, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bloomington, IN
Alison Leslie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SEP
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47408
There is no wrong time to reach out for support. Whether it be lifelong challenges such as birth complications, experiences of abuse or neglect as a child, feelings of sadness and worry as an adult or anything in between, I believe in empowering clients to find the healing they are ready for. Using the science of the body and brain, clients will be able to achieve their goals knowing they have a supportive partner to guide them on their journey with compassion, care, and warmth.
There is no wrong time to reach out for support. Whether it be lifelong challenges such as birth complications, experiences of abuse or neglect as a child, feelings of sadness and worry as an adult or anything in between, I believe in empowering clients to find the healing they are ready for. Using the science of the body and brain, clients will be able to achieve their goals knowing they have a supportive partner to guide them on their journey with compassion, care, and warmth.
(812) 203-5423 View (812) 203-5423
Photo of Deb Pardue, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bloomington, IN
Deb Pardue
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS Ed, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47401  (Online Only)
I am currently accepting new clients. From birth to death, life is a constant transition. I work with individuals (adolescents and adults), couples, and families, who are experiencing a wide range of symptoms including infidelity, breakdowns in communication, high functioning Autism, trauma, sexual abuse issues, anxiety, depression, ADHD, and grief. I have extensively researched issues and stressors that today's LGBTQ+ clients and families may be experiencing, and work with transgender clients to gain the appropriate gender affirming care.
I am currently accepting new clients. From birth to death, life is a constant transition. I work with individuals (adolescents and adults), couples, and families, who are experiencing a wide range of symptoms including infidelity, breakdowns in communication, high functioning Autism, trauma, sexual abuse issues, anxiety, depression, ADHD, and grief. I have extensively researched issues and stressors that today's LGBTQ+ clients and families may be experiencing, and work with transgender clients to gain the appropriate gender affirming care.
(812) 272-2782 View (812) 272-2782
Photo of Gabrielle Erceg, Counselor in Bloomington, IN
Gabrielle Erceg
Counselor, LMHCA
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47401  (Online Only)
I work with a wide range of clients dealing with issues related to life transitions, relationship problems, young adult issues, depression, anxiety, borderline personality disorder, mood disorders, and more. I can help you make and maintain the changes you are striving for, explore your goals, build a commitment to your future, and take the power back in your life.
I work with a wide range of clients dealing with issues related to life transitions, relationship problems, young adult issues, depression, anxiety, borderline personality disorder, mood disorders, and more. I can help you make and maintain the changes you are striving for, explore your goals, build a commitment to your future, and take the power back in your life.
(812) 308-4278 View (812) 308-4278
Photo of Jan Taylor-Schultz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bloomington, IN
Jan Taylor-Schultz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47401
I have been an eating disorders specialist since 1995, treating people with Anorexia, Bulimia, and Binge eating. I welcome clients into a supportive, confidential, and safe environment, as I understand how difficult it can be to to take the first step toward treatment. Having recovered from an eating disorder long ago, my treatment style is compassionate, individualized, and client focused. I know how hard it can be to get well. I see clients with varying emotional issues, because these issues also underly eating disorders. People who meet with me have concerns to address in therapy such as anxiety, depression and OCD.
I have been an eating disorders specialist since 1995, treating people with Anorexia, Bulimia, and Binge eating. I welcome clients into a supportive, confidential, and safe environment, as I understand how difficult it can be to to take the first step toward treatment. Having recovered from an eating disorder long ago, my treatment style is compassionate, individualized, and client focused. I know how hard it can be to get well. I see clients with varying emotional issues, because these issues also underly eating disorders. People who meet with me have concerns to address in therapy such as anxiety, depression and OCD.
(812) 618-1659 x1 View (812) 618-1659 x1
Photo of Jennifer E Bradley, Psychologist in Bloomington, IN
Jennifer E Bradley
Psychologist, PsyD, HSPP
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47404
I believe that human beings have an inherent longing and need for wholeness and balance, which is our natural state of being. However, we sometimes encounter damaging or traumatic events or long term stress that interrupt this natural state. When we are imbalanced, we develop psychological and/or physical symptoms, and we begin to use ineffective coping mechanisms. The good news is that with the right tools, these struggles can be used as a path back to the wholeness we seek. Having worked with clients for over twenty years, I know firsthand the power of using our difficulties to point the way towards healing.
I believe that human beings have an inherent longing and need for wholeness and balance, which is our natural state of being. However, we sometimes encounter damaging or traumatic events or long term stress that interrupt this natural state. When we are imbalanced, we develop psychological and/or physical symptoms, and we begin to use ineffective coping mechanisms. The good news is that with the right tools, these struggles can be used as a path back to the wholeness we seek. Having worked with clients for over twenty years, I know firsthand the power of using our difficulties to point the way towards healing.
(812) 496-5891 View (812) 496-5891
Photo of Julie Renee LaFollette, Psychologist in Bloomington, IN
Julie Renee LaFollette
Psychologist, PhD, HSPP
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47404
**I am currently full and unable to accept new clients. Hope to have more availability soon**I have a warm, collaborative working style that integrates a systemic theoretical orientation (understanding people's lives in the context of biology, relationships, work, and larger social/cultural systems) with highly individualized, evidence-based treatment. I enjoy working with people across the lifespan, from adolescence through older adulthood. I have extensive training/experience in the areas of family therapy (e.g., Functional Family Therapy), parenting, co-parenting through divorce/family disruption, trauma, and developmental challenges through adolescence and emerging adulthood.
**I am currently full and unable to accept new clients. Hope to have more availability soon**I have a warm, collaborative working style that integrates a systemic theoretical orientation (understanding people's lives in the context of biology, relationships, work, and larger social/cultural systems) with highly individualized, evidence-based treatment. I enjoy working with people across the lifespan, from adolescence through older adulthood. I have extensive training/experience in the areas of family therapy (e.g., Functional Family Therapy), parenting, co-parenting through divorce/family disruption, trauma, and developmental challenges through adolescence and emerging adulthood.
(812) 577-9041 View (812) 577-9041
Photo of Muhammad Saahir, Counselor in Bloomington, IN
Muhammad Saahir
Counselor, EdS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47404  (Online Only)
The Blue Sofa Counseling Services: A place where you are welcome. An ideal client would be an individual who is willing to work on becoming critical of negative self-talk and have a willingness to become more aware of their overall thought process. Issues that I have experience of working with include, but are not limited to: depressed moods, anxiety-related​ disorders, and adjustment issues. Additionally, the ideal couple would consist of two individuals who are interested in working together on common goals to help strengthen the positive qualities within their growing relationship.
The Blue Sofa Counseling Services: A place where you are welcome. An ideal client would be an individual who is willing to work on becoming critical of negative self-talk and have a willingness to become more aware of their overall thought process. Issues that I have experience of working with include, but are not limited to: depressed moods, anxiety-related​ disorders, and adjustment issues. Additionally, the ideal couple would consist of two individuals who are interested in working together on common goals to help strengthen the positive qualities within their growing relationship.
(812) 301-8540 View (812) 301-8540
Photo of Christy Duffy, PhD, HSPP/ Under the Umbrella, LLC, Psychologist in Bloomington, IN
Christy Duffy, PhD, HSPP/ Under the Umbrella, LLC
Psychologist, PhD, HSPP
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47407
I have been specializing in the treatment of individuals with eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and other eating related concerns since 2009 and am passionate about what I do. I work from an integrative approach and often use methods from cognitive behavioral, acceptance and commitment, and interpersonal theories. While I specialize in eating disorders as the focus of my work, therapy will also address related issues such as anxiety, depression, and family concerns, as these are often deeply intertwined with the eating disorder.
I have been specializing in the treatment of individuals with eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and other eating related concerns since 2009 and am passionate about what I do. I work from an integrative approach and often use methods from cognitive behavioral, acceptance and commitment, and interpersonal theories. While I specialize in eating disorders as the focus of my work, therapy will also address related issues such as anxiety, depression, and family concerns, as these are often deeply intertwined with the eating disorder.
(812) 750-4225 View (812) 750-4225
Photo of Sheri Benham, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bloomington, IN
Sheri Benham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bloomington, IN 47404
Accepting new clients via telehealth and in-person. Building a trusting therapeutic relationship is important in the healing process so I collaborate with you to develop and pursue goals along the way. We will explore self reflection and awareness to build your sense of agency and empowerment.
Accepting new clients via telehealth and in-person. Building a trusting therapeutic relationship is important in the healing process so I collaborate with you to develop and pursue goals along the way. We will explore self reflection and awareness to build your sense of agency and empowerment.
(812) 608-4854 View (812) 608-4854
Photo of Mark A Herrmann, Psychologist in Bloomington, IN
Mark A Herrmann
Psychologist, PhD, HSPP
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47401
I have been practicing for 30+ years and truly enjoy doing psychotherapy and being a lifelong student of the craft of psychotherapy. It is a privilege to meet with people, to hear each person's unique story, and to try to help each person reach their goals. I strive to create an environment of trust and safety in which each person is able to hear and make use of my observations and questions, knowing they are not being criticized or judged.
I have been practicing for 30+ years and truly enjoy doing psychotherapy and being a lifelong student of the craft of psychotherapy. It is a privilege to meet with people, to hear each person's unique story, and to try to help each person reach their goals. I strive to create an environment of trust and safety in which each person is able to hear and make use of my observations and questions, knowing they are not being criticized or judged.
(812) 370-8285 View (812) 370-8285
Photo of Nichole Alspaugh Williams, Counselor in Bloomington, IN
Nichole Alspaugh Williams
Counselor, EdS, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bloomington, IN 47401  (Online Only)
Are you struggling to find happiness, meaning, and purpose in your career? Is job stress causing you to feel anxious or depressed? Perhaps you’re struggling to accept something that has changed in your work or personal life. Are you stuck in a rut at work or suffering from imposter syndrome to the point that it’s limiting you in your career? Or maybe you’re at the point that you’re ready to look for a new career. You know that something needs to change, but you're not sure what to do or how to do it. Imagine how it would feel to get past these struggles so you can learn to live a joyous and meaningful life with a career you enjoy!
Are you struggling to find happiness, meaning, and purpose in your career? Is job stress causing you to feel anxious or depressed? Perhaps you’re struggling to accept something that has changed in your work or personal life. Are you stuck in a rut at work or suffering from imposter syndrome to the point that it’s limiting you in your career? Or maybe you’re at the point that you’re ready to look for a new career. You know that something needs to change, but you're not sure what to do or how to do it. Imagine how it would feel to get past these struggles so you can learn to live a joyous and meaningful life with a career you enjoy!
(812) 646-9993 View (812) 646-9993
Photo of Linda F Brown, Psychologist in Bloomington, IN
Linda F Brown
Psychologist, PhD, HSPP
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47404
Waitlist for new clients
My clinical practice is devoted to working exclusively with people looking for support with the stress of chronic illness or cancer. Nearly everyone facing chronic illness or cancer can use extra support at times to navigate the challenges. Seeing this to be so, I have been inspired to devote my practice of psychotherapy to providing that support in a compassionate manner to adults throughout Indiana. I have experience and special training to help with illnesses such as cancer, Long COVID, epilepsy, fibromyalgia, ME/CFS, lupus, functional neurological disorder (conversion disorder), and epilepsy (both neurologic and psychogenic).
My clinical practice is devoted to working exclusively with people looking for support with the stress of chronic illness or cancer. Nearly everyone facing chronic illness or cancer can use extra support at times to navigate the challenges. Seeing this to be so, I have been inspired to devote my practice of psychotherapy to providing that support in a compassionate manner to adults throughout Indiana. I have experience and special training to help with illnesses such as cancer, Long COVID, epilepsy, fibromyalgia, ME/CFS, lupus, functional neurological disorder (conversion disorder), and epilepsy (both neurologic and psychogenic).
(812) 302-0561 View (812) 302-0561
Photo of Melissa Anderson, Counselor in Bloomington, IN
Melissa Anderson
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bloomington, IN 47401  (Online Only)
To the outside world it may appear that you have it all together, yet no matter how hard you try you suffer from anxiety, self doubt, burn out, imposter syndrome and guilt when putting your own needs first and something needs to change. I believe all humans already have within themselves everything they need to heal and make these changes. My role as a therapist is to help you illuminate those parts of yourself which have been blocking you from making changes and step into a life of wholeness and authenticity.
To the outside world it may appear that you have it all together, yet no matter how hard you try you suffer from anxiety, self doubt, burn out, imposter syndrome and guilt when putting your own needs first and something needs to change. I believe all humans already have within themselves everything they need to heal and make these changes. My role as a therapist is to help you illuminate those parts of yourself which have been blocking you from making changes and step into a life of wholeness and authenticity.
(812) 362-5431 View (812) 362-5431
Photo of Sophie Hans, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bloomington, IN
Sophie Hans
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47405
My ideal client is someone who comes to therapy in a time of need. They might be experiencing anxiety due to life changes and transitions or they might be experiencing symptoms of anxiety for the first time and be concerne as to where the anxiety came from. The client might be processing loss or grief from a loved one or past friendships and or relationships. My ideal client will have needs such as needing to identify coping skills to get through life stressors, assistance with reaching goals. As a therapist I would be able to provide the client with a objective perspective to bounce their ideas and situations off of.
My ideal client is someone who comes to therapy in a time of need. They might be experiencing anxiety due to life changes and transitions or they might be experiencing symptoms of anxiety for the first time and be concerne as to where the anxiety came from. The client might be processing loss or grief from a loved one or past friendships and or relationships. My ideal client will have needs such as needing to identify coping skills to get through life stressors, assistance with reaching goals. As a therapist I would be able to provide the client with a objective perspective to bounce their ideas and situations off of.
(463) 583-9843 View (463) 583-9843
Photo of Molly Eagleson, Counselor in Bloomington, IN
Molly Eagleson
Counselor, MS, EdS, LMHC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47401
As a licensed mental health therapist my goal is to offer you a safe space to process your emotions, restore balance to your nervous system, and build greater self awareness. Specializing in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and PTSD, I use research supported trauma therapies including EMDR and Internal Family Systems.
As a licensed mental health therapist my goal is to offer you a safe space to process your emotions, restore balance to your nervous system, and build greater self awareness. Specializing in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and PTSD, I use research supported trauma therapies including EMDR and Internal Family Systems.
(812) 558-5032 View (812) 558-5032
Photo of Jacey Hammel Phd, Psychologist in Bloomington, IN
Jacey Hammel Phd
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47401  (Online Only)
Life changes and trauma can lead to disconnection from ourselves and others. This disconnection can manifest as anxiety, depression, and loneliness. Through therapy, we can untangle the changes and trauma so we can truly hear ourselves. Our work might include emotional processing and regulation, self-compassion, self-acceptance, and mind-body awareness. At each step, I will check in with you and guide the pacing to fit your needs and goals. (See my website for more information.) Authorized to practice in all PsyPact states via telepsychology.
Life changes and trauma can lead to disconnection from ourselves and others. This disconnection can manifest as anxiety, depression, and loneliness. Through therapy, we can untangle the changes and trauma so we can truly hear ourselves. Our work might include emotional processing and regulation, self-compassion, self-acceptance, and mind-body awareness. At each step, I will check in with you and guide the pacing to fit your needs and goals. (See my website for more information.) Authorized to practice in all PsyPact states via telepsychology.
(812) 613-4227 View (812) 613-4227
Photo of Pamalee Michele Larr, Counselor in Bloomington, IN
Pamalee Michele Larr
Counselor, EdS, LMHC, BCBA
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47401  (Online Only)
My name is Pam Larr EdS, LMHC, BCBA. I have been working with adults and children for over 20 years. I am a Board Certified Behavior Analyst as well as a Licensed Mental Health Counselor. I strive to aid clients in achieving their goals in a safe and welcoming therapeutic space. I specialize in treating both adults and children with autism, anxiety, depression, personality disorders, behavioral challenges, adjustment issues as well as other transitional issues. I conduct parenting training and support parents to learn alternative ways to interact with their child.
My name is Pam Larr EdS, LMHC, BCBA. I have been working with adults and children for over 20 years. I am a Board Certified Behavior Analyst as well as a Licensed Mental Health Counselor. I strive to aid clients in achieving their goals in a safe and welcoming therapeutic space. I specialize in treating both adults and children with autism, anxiety, depression, personality disorders, behavioral challenges, adjustment issues as well as other transitional issues. I conduct parenting training and support parents to learn alternative ways to interact with their child.
(812) 203-4376 View (812) 203-4376
Photo of Sandy K. Tucker, MS, LMHC, Counselor in Bloomington, IN
Sandy K. Tucker, MS, LMHC
Counselor, MS, LMHC, RPT
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47403
Waitlist for new clients
Therapy is a time to reach out and begin to make changes for how you want your life to be different . . . and a therapist helps you find the courage, gather the tools necessary and choose a path to go after it. I have over 25 years experience working with children, families and individuals to assist them in getting back on track with their lives. Specialty areas include children with behavior issues, recovering from abuse and trauma, and coping with divorce, along with all ages of adults wanting a higher quality of life as a result of anxiety and depression.
Therapy is a time to reach out and begin to make changes for how you want your life to be different . . . and a therapist helps you find the courage, gather the tools necessary and choose a path to go after it. I have over 25 years experience working with children, families and individuals to assist them in getting back on track with their lives. Specialty areas include children with behavior issues, recovering from abuse and trauma, and coping with divorce, along with all ages of adults wanting a higher quality of life as a result of anxiety and depression.
(812) 496-3228 View (812) 496-3228
Photo of Brittany Sperka, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bloomington, IN
Brittany Sperka
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47405
I appreciate someone with an open heart and a willingness to explore their inner self. I value individuals who are ready to engage and connect in meaningful conversations. I know it can be hard to take the first step for help, and look for someone who is committed to their own growth and willing to collaborate in their goals. Trust, honesty, and a desire to change create a supportive connecting environment where healing and transformation can take place.
I appreciate someone with an open heart and a willingness to explore their inner self. I value individuals who are ready to engage and connect in meaningful conversations. I know it can be hard to take the first step for help, and look for someone who is committed to their own growth and willing to collaborate in their goals. Trust, honesty, and a desire to change create a supportive connecting environment where healing and transformation can take place.
(463) 241-6650 View (463) 241-6650
Photo of Bloomington Center for Connection, Amy Makice, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bloomington, IN
Bloomington Center for Connection, Amy Makice
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bloomington, IN 47403
The BCC brings together a diverse group of therapists dedicated to healing through growth-fostering relationships. We accompany you on a journey to learn who you are in the context of your life, and how your understanding about who you are has been shaped by relationships and culture, for better and for worse. Our approach is rooted in RCT, a framework that goes beyond traditional ideas of individual diagnoses to explore relational dynamics contributing to joy, distress, isolation, and healing. We believe we all flourish in meaningful connection, and healing is directly tied to relational safety and supported vulnerability.
The BCC brings together a diverse group of therapists dedicated to healing through growth-fostering relationships. We accompany you on a journey to learn who you are in the context of your life, and how your understanding about who you are has been shaped by relationships and culture, for better and for worse. Our approach is rooted in RCT, a framework that goes beyond traditional ideas of individual diagnoses to explore relational dynamics contributing to joy, distress, isolation, and healing. We believe we all flourish in meaningful connection, and healing is directly tied to relational safety and supported vulnerability.
(812) 291-1977 View (812) 291-1977

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bloomington, IN

200+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Bloomington, IN who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
87% Depression
76% Trauma and PTSD
75% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Coping Skills
72% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Anthem | Elevance
80% BlueCross and BlueShield
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Bloomington, IN see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
15% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bloomington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.