Therapists in Buffalo Grove, IL

Photo of Wendy L Wiesman, Licensed Social Worker in Buffalo Grove, IL
Wendy L Wiesman
Licensed Social Worker, LSW
Verified Verified
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089
Wendy Wiesman, LSW. Wendy earned her Masters in Social Work from Aurora University. Additionally, Wendy has her Certification for School Social work. Her experience includes working with individuals who have had co-occurring disorders, mental health counseling, case management, and crisis intervention. Wendy utilizes Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to help individuals uncover their full potential. Her focus is to help individuals heal and become aware of their inner strengths.
Wendy Wiesman, LSW. Wendy earned her Masters in Social Work from Aurora University. Additionally, Wendy has her Certification for School Social work. Her experience includes working with individuals who have had co-occurring disorders, mental health counseling, case management, and crisis intervention. Wendy utilizes Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to help individuals uncover their full potential. Her focus is to help individuals heal and become aware of their inner strengths.
(847) 906-2673 x124 View (847) 906-2673 x124
Photo of Rebecca Doyle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Buffalo Grove, IL
Rebecca Doyle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089
Therapy is a deeply personal experience of exploration, growth, and healing. For 20 years I have had the privilege of supporting individuals and families in various healthcare settings. I have a special interest in working with young children, adolescents, and their parents; young adults transitioning to independent living; and adults interested in exploring their experiences of developmental trauma, life transitions, parenting, chronic illness, grief and loss, identity and spirituality. Our work may shift between being process oriented, experiential, and goal-driven to accommodate your changing needs and priorities.
Therapy is a deeply personal experience of exploration, growth, and healing. For 20 years I have had the privilege of supporting individuals and families in various healthcare settings. I have a special interest in working with young children, adolescents, and their parents; young adults transitioning to independent living; and adults interested in exploring their experiences of developmental trauma, life transitions, parenting, chronic illness, grief and loss, identity and spirituality. Our work may shift between being process oriented, experiential, and goal-driven to accommodate your changing needs and priorities.
(708) 934-0290 View (708) 934-0290
Photo of Bob Marsh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Buffalo Grove, IL
Bob Marsh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089
I work with adults and adolescents utilizing a humanistic, person-centered approach. I seek to establish an emotionally safe space in which clients feel at ease to explore thoughts, feelings, behaviors, experiences that may be impacting their lives in significant ways; and, through that process, to facilitate openings into meaningful self-discovery, healing, and personal growth.
I work with adults and adolescents utilizing a humanistic, person-centered approach. I seek to establish an emotionally safe space in which clients feel at ease to explore thoughts, feelings, behaviors, experiences that may be impacting their lives in significant ways; and, through that process, to facilitate openings into meaningful self-discovery, healing, and personal growth.
(847) 607-1487 x140 View (847) 607-1487 x140
Photo of Molly Mosio, Marriage & Family Therapist in Buffalo Grove, IL
Molly Mosio
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089
Waitlist for new clients
Molly understands that forming an alliance with each client is one of the most important aspects of therapy. She will provide a nonjudgmental, empathetic, and compassionate space for clients to process their emotions and work towards their goals. Molly has extensive training in Integrative Systemic Therapy and focuses on how systems and relationships influence the client’s world. She believes that each individual, family, and couple is unique. By using a goal oriented, collaborative, and direct approach, Molly pulls from multiple theoretical frameworks to best fit each client in order to reach the intended goal of therapy.
Molly understands that forming an alliance with each client is one of the most important aspects of therapy. She will provide a nonjudgmental, empathetic, and compassionate space for clients to process their emotions and work towards their goals. Molly has extensive training in Integrative Systemic Therapy and focuses on how systems and relationships influence the client’s world. She believes that each individual, family, and couple is unique. By using a goal oriented, collaborative, and direct approach, Molly pulls from multiple theoretical frameworks to best fit each client in order to reach the intended goal of therapy.
(847) 851-4923 x120 View (847) 851-4923 x120
Photo of Brian McKenna, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Buffalo Grove, IL
Brian McKenna
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CAADC
Verified Verified
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089
Brian McKenna helps individuals and families gain skills for life so they can achieve a healthy level of functioning, renewed hope, and happiness in their lives. His collaborative approach involves other essential relationships and resources to optimize outcomes, fostering a strong therapeutic alliance between himself and the individual. These two strategies are the most important factors to change and healing. Brian inspires and motivates people to become healthier, happier and more connected in their relationships, as seen in his Tedx Talk which can be found on YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEGV7Dpxta4
Brian McKenna helps individuals and families gain skills for life so they can achieve a healthy level of functioning, renewed hope, and happiness in their lives. His collaborative approach involves other essential relationships and resources to optimize outcomes, fostering a strong therapeutic alliance between himself and the individual. These two strategies are the most important factors to change and healing. Brian inspires and motivates people to become healthier, happier and more connected in their relationships, as seen in his Tedx Talk which can be found on YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEGV7Dpxta4
(847) 353-1652 View (847) 353-1652
Photo of Debbie Malitz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Buffalo Grove, IL
Debbie Malitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 15 years experience working with children and teenagers as a school social worker. I specialize in working with children and families struggling with behavioral issues at home and in school; and with children experiencing life transitions. I have extensive experience working with children with ADHD, Autism, social skill deficits, behavioral difficulties, anxiety, and overall emotional regulation.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 15 years experience working with children and teenagers as a school social worker. I specialize in working with children and families struggling with behavioral issues at home and in school; and with children experiencing life transitions. I have extensive experience working with children with ADHD, Autism, social skill deficits, behavioral difficulties, anxiety, and overall emotional regulation.
(872) 240-5913 View (872) 240-5913
Photo of Ann S Matus, Counselor in Buffalo Grove, IL
Ann S Matus
Counselor, MA, LCPC, CADC
Verified Verified
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089
My approach to therapy is cognitive-behavioral based and I aim to guide you in recognizing how your thoughts, feelings and actions are interconnected. I focus on identifying these thought distortions and behaviors that are barriers to a healthy life. I aim to build an authentic non-judgmental therapeutic relationship rooted in empathy, hope, and support and I will strive to honor who you are as an individual. The populations I have worked with include adolescents and adults struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, and addiction. I am also a Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor.
My approach to therapy is cognitive-behavioral based and I aim to guide you in recognizing how your thoughts, feelings and actions are interconnected. I focus on identifying these thought distortions and behaviors that are barriers to a healthy life. I aim to build an authentic non-judgmental therapeutic relationship rooted in empathy, hope, and support and I will strive to honor who you are as an individual. The populations I have worked with include adolescents and adults struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, and addiction. I am also a Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor.
(331) 241-6194 View (331) 241-6194
Photo of Julie Spokane, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Buffalo Grove, IL
Julie Spokane
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089
Not accepting new clients
I am a therapist with over twenty years experience. I believe that all of us seek resolution or peace from our daily struggles; whether that be with our relationships or with work. My belief is that therapy can be an arena for change in order to achieve higher levels of personal satisfaction with life. The key to any therapeutic relationship is trust. Trust needs to be present between both the client and the therapist. My therapeutic style is warm, empathic but direct. I believe these attributes are vital to the therapeutic process.
I am a therapist with over twenty years experience. I believe that all of us seek resolution or peace from our daily struggles; whether that be with our relationships or with work. My belief is that therapy can be an arena for change in order to achieve higher levels of personal satisfaction with life. The key to any therapeutic relationship is trust. Trust needs to be present between both the client and the therapist. My therapeutic style is warm, empathic but direct. I believe these attributes are vital to the therapeutic process.
(847) 847-4497 x135 View (847) 847-4497 x135
Photo of Angelique Chen, Psychologist in Buffalo Grove, IL
Angelique Chen
Psychologist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089  (Online Only)
I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist and a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) providing psychotherapy, consultation, and supervision services. I work with teenagers, children, adults, and couples struggling with a variety of issues, relationship challenges, changes, and transitions throughout the life cycle.
I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist and a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) providing psychotherapy, consultation, and supervision services. I work with teenagers, children, adults, and couples struggling with a variety of issues, relationship challenges, changes, and transitions throughout the life cycle.
(708) 381-2863 View (708) 381-2863
Photo of Shale Marks, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Buffalo Grove, IL
Shale Marks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089
Sometimes life gives us a big shove and it can feel like our inner compass has been shattered. I can help you identify the areas of your life you would like to see change, the obstacles standing in the way of that change and how to expand beyond the closed-in claustrophobic feeling that can accompany complex co-occurring disorders including depression, anxiety, trauma and substance use disorder, process addictions and eating disorders. Through your own inner work you can become a healing presence to yourself and others.
Sometimes life gives us a big shove and it can feel like our inner compass has been shattered. I can help you identify the areas of your life you would like to see change, the obstacles standing in the way of that change and how to expand beyond the closed-in claustrophobic feeling that can accompany complex co-occurring disorders including depression, anxiety, trauma and substance use disorder, process addictions and eating disorders. Through your own inner work you can become a healing presence to yourself and others.
(847) 443-1059 View (847) 443-1059
Photo of Michelle Magida, Counselor in Buffalo Grove, IL
Michelle Magida
Counselor, LCPC, LBS1
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089
Through every stage of your child's life we are here to listen, to identify your child's unique needs, and to promote change. We strive to answer your questions and discuss your concerns. We specialize in the treatment of children and adolescents with a wide spectrum of emotional, behavioral, social, developmental and learning difficulties, as well as the adjustment to various life and family transitions. We approach treatment as a partnership between ourselves, the child and family, viewing each child as an individual, a part of a family and part of society.
Through every stage of your child's life we are here to listen, to identify your child's unique needs, and to promote change. We strive to answer your questions and discuss your concerns. We specialize in the treatment of children and adolescents with a wide spectrum of emotional, behavioral, social, developmental and learning difficulties, as well as the adjustment to various life and family transitions. We approach treatment as a partnership between ourselves, the child and family, viewing each child as an individual, a part of a family and part of society.
(847) 461-3675 View (847) 461-3675
Photo of Adam Crane, Psychologist in Buffalo Grove, IL
Adam Crane
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089
By forming a comfortable and personal connection with my clients, it is my intention to help explore and offer new perspectives on issues that might otherwise feel frustrating or limiting. Together, we can work to forge new styles of thinking and feeling that can open up solutions to existing problems. My practice is dedicated to helping any client who has the desire to build a stronger, more insightful sense of self.
By forming a comfortable and personal connection with my clients, it is my intention to help explore and offer new perspectives on issues that might otherwise feel frustrating or limiting. Together, we can work to forge new styles of thinking and feeling that can open up solutions to existing problems. My practice is dedicated to helping any client who has the desire to build a stronger, more insightful sense of self.
(847) 505-0003 View (847) 505-0003
Photo of Mika Kondo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Buffalo Grove, IL
Mika Kondo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089  (Online Only)
I have been honored to work with individuals and families since 1999. Life can at times be a bumpy ride, and sometimes we might feel stuck not knowing how to handle certain situations, but my core belief is that we all have the inner ability to make each life experience a growing opportunity. I support clients by using collaborative, compassionate, and culturally-sensitive approaches. I also incorporate mindfulness and gratitude and strive to offer clients a safe and caring space throughout their journey.
I have been honored to work with individuals and families since 1999. Life can at times be a bumpy ride, and sometimes we might feel stuck not knowing how to handle certain situations, but my core belief is that we all have the inner ability to make each life experience a growing opportunity. I support clients by using collaborative, compassionate, and culturally-sensitive approaches. I also incorporate mindfulness and gratitude and strive to offer clients a safe and caring space throughout their journey.
(224) 676-9800 x29 View (224) 676-9800 x29
Photo of Thomas Czapiewski, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Buffalo Grove, IL
Thomas Czapiewski
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, CADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089
Tom is a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in the State of Illinois and is also a Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor. He has been trained in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT). He obtained his Masters degree in Human Services from National Louis University.
Tom is a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in the State of Illinois and is also a Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor. He has been trained in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT). He obtained his Masters degree in Human Services from National Louis University.
(224) 223-1727 View (224) 223-1727
Photo of Marta Tamara Kromka-Brigagliano, Marriage & Family Therapist in Buffalo Grove, IL
Marta Tamara Kromka-Brigagliano
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CADC, CCM
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089
Marta Kromka-Brigagliano is a licensed marriage and family therapist, certified alcohol and drug abuse counselor, and certified case manager. While working with clients she utilizes a systemic approach that focuses on individual’s relationship with others, family of origin issues, personal history and relationship with self.
Marta Kromka-Brigagliano is a licensed marriage and family therapist, certified alcohol and drug abuse counselor, and certified case manager. While working with clients she utilizes a systemic approach that focuses on individual’s relationship with others, family of origin issues, personal history and relationship with self.
(847) 474-9468 View (847) 474-9468
Photo of Felix Laevsky in Buffalo Grove, IL
Felix Laevsky
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089
I have been specializing in Biofeedback since 2004, with a primary focus on chronic pain, anxiety and stress management. Through the use of Biofeedback techniques and technology, relaxation, breathing, and other mind-body techniques, I have helped many people struggling with stress, pain and pain-related symptoms such as sleep problems, anxiety, muscle tension and breathing difficulties. Biofeedback principles and technology are amazing! If you would like to know how stress affects your body you can see it in your own " biofeedback physiological mirror" which works similar to your bathroom mirror.
I have been specializing in Biofeedback since 2004, with a primary focus on chronic pain, anxiety and stress management. Through the use of Biofeedback techniques and technology, relaxation, breathing, and other mind-body techniques, I have helped many people struggling with stress, pain and pain-related symptoms such as sleep problems, anxiety, muscle tension and breathing difficulties. Biofeedback principles and technology are amazing! If you would like to know how stress affects your body you can see it in your own " biofeedback physiological mirror" which works similar to your bathroom mirror.
(847) 960-3313 View (847) 960-3313
Photo of Anna M Adams, Psychologist in Buffalo Grove, IL
Anna M Adams
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089
Hello and thank you for taking a moment to read my bio. Finding a therapist can be an overwhelming task. Your courage to seek help for yourself or a loved one is the first step to achieving well-being and mental health. I have a compassionate, empathic, respectful, and empowering approach to treatment. Every person I work with has strengths that we build on to help overcome the struggles in their life. Applying Cognitive Behavioral Therapy interventions, I use a collaborative approach with my client to develop an individualized treatment plan and focus on understanding the client's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in multiple situations.
Hello and thank you for taking a moment to read my bio. Finding a therapist can be an overwhelming task. Your courage to seek help for yourself or a loved one is the first step to achieving well-being and mental health. I have a compassionate, empathic, respectful, and empowering approach to treatment. Every person I work with has strengths that we build on to help overcome the struggles in their life. Applying Cognitive Behavioral Therapy interventions, I use a collaborative approach with my client to develop an individualized treatment plan and focus on understanding the client's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in multiple situations.
(847) 584-1597 View (847) 584-1597
Photo of Abby Watel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Buffalo Grove, IL
Abby Watel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089
I am a seasoned therapist with 25+ years of experience working in community mental health, hospital, child welfare, and private practice settings; I have both direct practice and supervisory experience. I currently enjoy dividing my caseload between working with children, adolescents, parents and families and working with individual adults and couples. I believe in helping people of all ages to continue learning and developing throughout their lives. I use play therapy with young children; I use behavioral and solution focused treatment with all clients.; for adults and adolescents more insight oriented approaches are available.
I am a seasoned therapist with 25+ years of experience working in community mental health, hospital, child welfare, and private practice settings; I have both direct practice and supervisory experience. I currently enjoy dividing my caseload between working with children, adolescents, parents and families and working with individual adults and couples. I believe in helping people of all ages to continue learning and developing throughout their lives. I use play therapy with young children; I use behavioral and solution focused treatment with all clients.; for adults and adolescents more insight oriented approaches are available.
(847) 920-7810 x134 View (847) 920-7810 x134
Photo of OMNI in Buffalo Grove, IL
OMNI
Verified Verified
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089
OMNI offers transformative counseling services for individuals, youth, families, and couples in our local communities. Our mission is to help clients create lifelong change for better and brighter futures through research-based and compassionate counseling. Services are offered in both 1-on-1 and group settings. Some services may be available in Spanish. Some services offered virtually. We are dedicated to accessibility and accept all Medicaid managed insurance plans.
OMNI offers transformative counseling services for individuals, youth, families, and couples in our local communities. Our mission is to help clients create lifelong change for better and brighter futures through research-based and compassionate counseling. Services are offered in both 1-on-1 and group settings. Some services may be available in Spanish. Some services offered virtually. We are dedicated to accessibility and accept all Medicaid managed insurance plans.
(847) 558-1302 View (847) 558-1302
Photo of Megan Medina, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Buffalo Grove, IL
Megan Medina
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089
I love working with teens and adults with ADHD and neurodivergence. If you’ve ever felt different, or that you don’t fit in…you fit here. I tend to lean towards a more accessible, easy-going approach when helping clients work towards goals important to their journey. I find that bringing humor to the session lends to a more comfortable therapeutic environment. While identifying goals can often be challenging, My aim is to help clients identify strengths and learn the skills needed to make positive changes in their lives.
I love working with teens and adults with ADHD and neurodivergence. If you’ve ever felt different, or that you don’t fit in…you fit here. I tend to lean towards a more accessible, easy-going approach when helping clients work towards goals important to their journey. I find that bringing humor to the session lends to a more comfortable therapeutic environment. While identifying goals can often be challenging, My aim is to help clients identify strengths and learn the skills needed to make positive changes in their lives.
(224) 676-9800 x25 View (224) 676-9800 x25

See more therapy options for Buffalo Grove

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Buffalo Grove, IL

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Buffalo Grove, IL who prioritize treating:

99% Anxiety
95% Depression
88% Self Esteem
86% Relationship Issues
78% Stress
76% Coping Skills
73% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

97% BlueCross and BlueShield
61% Aetna
57% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Buffalo Grove, IL see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
19% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Buffalo Grove?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.