Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

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Photo of Dionne Trice, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Dionne Trice
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
As a therapist, I bring nearly 20 yrs working with domestic violence, 30 yrs of ministry, community activism, nearly 40 yrs of marriage & the tragic loss of a child. Through it, I've grown in my understanding of the impact of systems, trauma and loss on people. As an African American therapist I specialize in working with minority stress and other trauma related to being part of an marginalized group. My areas of focus include: grief & loss, depression, anxiety, trauma, interpersonal relationship issues, perinatal mental health, communication issues, Interpersonal Violence, spiritual abuse/trauma, and stress management.
As a therapist, I bring nearly 20 yrs working with domestic violence, 30 yrs of ministry, community activism, nearly 40 yrs of marriage & the tragic loss of a child. Through it, I've grown in my understanding of the impact of systems, trauma and loss on people. As an African American therapist I specialize in working with minority stress and other trauma related to being part of an marginalized group. My areas of focus include: grief & loss, depression, anxiety, trauma, interpersonal relationship issues, perinatal mental health, communication issues, Interpersonal Violence, spiritual abuse/trauma, and stress management.
(651) 427-3243 View (651) 427-3243
Photo of Jess Holly, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Jess Holly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55102  (Online Only)
Jess Holly received her Bachelor’s degree in Child Psychology from the University of Minnesota and went on to earn a Master’s degree in Clinical Social Work from the U of M. Jess previously worked for a children’s community mental health agency in Minneapolis and surrounding areas where she provided in-home therapeutic support to children and their families facing serious and persistent mental and behavioral health challenges. Jess also has experience treating adults with anxiety and depression.
Jess Holly received her Bachelor’s degree in Child Psychology from the University of Minnesota and went on to earn a Master’s degree in Clinical Social Work from the U of M. Jess previously worked for a children’s community mental health agency in Minneapolis and surrounding areas where she provided in-home therapeutic support to children and their families facing serious and persistent mental and behavioral health challenges. Jess also has experience treating adults with anxiety and depression.
(651) 359-9875 View (651) 359-9875
Photo of Sarah L Hart, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Sarah L Hart
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
Using a warm, casual, active style, I help clients who are struggling with a wide variety of issues find their own way toward growth and health. In a world that typically looks at the surface, I will work with you to look at the deeper parts of yourself and your life so that you can make lasting change that moves you toward your goals. Although our past experiences have helped us shape who we are, they do not need to hold us captive; I help you focus on what is working now and how we can make it better. I primarily work from a somatic lens, helping you tune into your body's wisdom and healing.
Using a warm, casual, active style, I help clients who are struggling with a wide variety of issues find their own way toward growth and health. In a world that typically looks at the surface, I will work with you to look at the deeper parts of yourself and your life so that you can make lasting change that moves you toward your goals. Although our past experiences have helped us shape who we are, they do not need to hold us captive; I help you focus on what is working now and how we can make it better. I primarily work from a somatic lens, helping you tune into your body's wisdom and healing.
(612) 802-9164 View (612) 802-9164
Photo of Sue M Sexton, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Sue M Sexton
Psychologist, MA LP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
Have you had a recent change in your life and want a safe person to talk with to better understand yourself? Perhaps your feelings have felt more intense: anxiety, depression, confusion, or desire to find purpose to your life. You look around - seeking answers, understanding, & deeper healing. Maybe a life situation unfolded and you were suddenly on a path you never imagined (job loss, divorce, etc) or one you wanted to be on but it’s more stressful or different than what you thought (attending college or a new job). If this is you, I can support you. I approach all my clients with the understanding that we are capable of change.
Have you had a recent change in your life and want a safe person to talk with to better understand yourself? Perhaps your feelings have felt more intense: anxiety, depression, confusion, or desire to find purpose to your life. You look around - seeking answers, understanding, & deeper healing. Maybe a life situation unfolded and you were suddenly on a path you never imagined (job loss, divorce, etc) or one you wanted to be on but it’s more stressful or different than what you thought (attending college or a new job). If this is you, I can support you. I approach all my clients with the understanding that we are capable of change.
(651) 412-7480 View (651) 412-7480
Photo of Dr. Sara Giachino, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Paul, MN
Dr. Sara Giachino
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I believe in each person's unique drive for wellness and view prioritizing mental health as a necessary act of self-care for all people. I look forward to walking with you as you identify your therapeutic goals, develop insights, and learn new tools to help you achieve your goals. I strive to create a welcoming, warm, and safe space for you to explore your concerns and move forward on your path to improved psychological and emotional wellness.
I believe in each person's unique drive for wellness and view prioritizing mental health as a necessary act of self-care for all people. I look forward to walking with you as you identify your therapeutic goals, develop insights, and learn new tools to help you achieve your goals. I strive to create a welcoming, warm, and safe space for you to explore your concerns and move forward on your path to improved psychological and emotional wellness.
(651) 615-4524 View (651) 615-4524
Photo of Katie Mohr, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Katie Mohr
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55105
Not accepting new clients
***Katie is not taking new clients at this time*** Katie brings a warm, friendly, and understanding style in her work. Katie provides encouragement and support to individuals and couples who are coping with a wide variety of life’s changes and challenges. Katie sees her role as a therapist to guide clients through the process of greater self-understanding and help begin to take action toward healing the past, living in the present, and looking toward the future.
***Katie is not taking new clients at this time*** Katie brings a warm, friendly, and understanding style in her work. Katie provides encouragement and support to individuals and couples who are coping with a wide variety of life’s changes and challenges. Katie sees her role as a therapist to guide clients through the process of greater self-understanding and help begin to take action toward healing the past, living in the present, and looking toward the future.
(612) 568-0449 View (612) 568-0449
Photo of Jennah Al, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Paul, MN
Jennah Al
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
Waitlist for new clients
I've been working with young people for several years. In that time, I have learned the importance of meeting people where they are, using curiosity and compassion as a guiding principle, and the value of humor and authenticity in building relationships. I am committed to creating a space in which people feel seen and heard and are able be exactly who they are. In our work together, I will support you in developing greater self-awareness, creating capacity for self-advocacy and boundary setting, and developing the ability to navigate relationships with more ease.
I've been working with young people for several years. In that time, I have learned the importance of meeting people where they are, using curiosity and compassion as a guiding principle, and the value of humor and authenticity in building relationships. I am committed to creating a space in which people feel seen and heard and are able be exactly who they are. In our work together, I will support you in developing greater self-awareness, creating capacity for self-advocacy and boundary setting, and developing the ability to navigate relationships with more ease.
(651) 240-6318 View (651) 240-6318
Photo of Hannah Rogak, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Hannah Rogak
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT-S
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55102
Not accepting new clients
As my profile states, I am unable to start with new clients at this time- Sometimes people miss that when they message me and I want to be clear! The people I enjoy working with most are the ones who aren't sure therapy is for them, or haven't had great experiences in the past. I get what it's like for therapy not to go well. Maybe they're nervous I'll side with their spouse. Maybe they're worried it'll be too much too fast. The best part of my job is discovering the unique stories of each person who comes into my office, then developing a relationship to support their progress towards a more comfortable, resilient way of living.
As my profile states, I am unable to start with new clients at this time- Sometimes people miss that when they message me and I want to be clear! The people I enjoy working with most are the ones who aren't sure therapy is for them, or haven't had great experiences in the past. I get what it's like for therapy not to go well. Maybe they're nervous I'll side with their spouse. Maybe they're worried it'll be too much too fast. The best part of my job is discovering the unique stories of each person who comes into my office, then developing a relationship to support their progress towards a more comfortable, resilient way of living.
(320) 348-7513 View (320) 348-7513
Photo of Madeline Trenholm, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Madeline Trenholm
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55116
Do you struggle with performance anxiety, whether it’s in sports or giving a presentation at work? Are you trying to do better at work or in sports but mental blocks are getting in the way? If you’ve ever had the following thoughts, you could benefit from tailored sessions to help you achieve your goals and be your personal best: What if I freeze? What if I don’t do as well I’d hope? What if I don’t win? What will other people think of me if I don’t do well? Exploring the root of your insecurities and using tools to help you stop comparing yourself and cease the endless cycle of “I’m not good enough”
Do you struggle with performance anxiety, whether it’s in sports or giving a presentation at work? Are you trying to do better at work or in sports but mental blocks are getting in the way? If you’ve ever had the following thoughts, you could benefit from tailored sessions to help you achieve your goals and be your personal best: What if I freeze? What if I don’t do as well I’d hope? What if I don’t win? What will other people think of me if I don’t do well? Exploring the root of your insecurities and using tools to help you stop comparing yourself and cease the endless cycle of “I’m not good enough”
(651) 360-1203 View (651) 360-1203
Photo of Sidney Dombrowski, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Saint Paul, MN
Sidney Dombrowski
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, BA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55115
Starting therapy can be scary, and uncomfortable, and I am here to make that transition easier! I have immediate openings for couples and families, both virtually and in-person! I work with couples and families as well as individuals, with a variety of concerns, with a special interest in relational and family concerns, and life changes.
Starting therapy can be scary, and uncomfortable, and I am here to make that transition easier! I have immediate openings for couples and families, both virtually and in-person! I work with couples and families as well as individuals, with a variety of concerns, with a special interest in relational and family concerns, and life changes.
(651) 661-4862 View (651) 661-4862
Photo of Amy M. Joyce, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Amy M. Joyce
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55104
Welcome to a place of support for those relationships most important to you. I offer therapy in a relational context which explores the interconnectedness between self and others. I believe this is vital to well living. When relationships are out of balance, disconnectedness can occur. By creating awareness, empowerment can be found and utilized for change. I invite you to better navigate yourself and your relations!
Welcome to a place of support for those relationships most important to you. I offer therapy in a relational context which explores the interconnectedness between self and others. I believe this is vital to well living. When relationships are out of balance, disconnectedness can occur. By creating awareness, empowerment can be found and utilized for change. I invite you to better navigate yourself and your relations!
(612) 564-4332 View (612) 564-4332
Photo of Tobin Shelton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Tobin Shelton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW, MPH
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
I am a bilingual psychotherapist for individuals and couples who have a range of life experiences and concerns. I work primarily face-to-face in St. Paul and offer phone or video sessions for people living in California and Minnesota. My approach to therapy emphasizes trust and awareness in the process of healing. I believe that therapy can be fun, challenging, and rewarding. I will honor your lived experiences, laugh with you, and support your growth.
I am a bilingual psychotherapist for individuals and couples who have a range of life experiences and concerns. I work primarily face-to-face in St. Paul and offer phone or video sessions for people living in California and Minnesota. My approach to therapy emphasizes trust and awareness in the process of healing. I believe that therapy can be fun, challenging, and rewarding. I will honor your lived experiences, laugh with you, and support your growth.
(651) 661-5778 View (651) 661-5778
Photo of Alex J. Marie, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Alex J. Marie
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55116  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Now, more than ever it is natural to feel stressed, overwhelmed, confused or anxious at times. It may be that you are considering therapy to address a specific problem you are facing; or you want to better understand why you respond the way you do to events in your life. Perhaps you want to talk about difficult or painful experiences you have had. Whatever brings you to this important work, I am committed to listening closely and working collaboratively to help you find what matters most to you.
Now, more than ever it is natural to feel stressed, overwhelmed, confused or anxious at times. It may be that you are considering therapy to address a specific problem you are facing; or you want to better understand why you respond the way you do to events in your life. Perhaps you want to talk about difficult or painful experiences you have had. Whatever brings you to this important work, I am committed to listening closely and working collaboratively to help you find what matters most to you.
(952) 314-5520 View (952) 314-5520
Kimberly Endres
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55102
Are you struggling? Do you go through life on auto-pilot, feel disconnected or often find yourself judging? Do you engage in self-injury or have suicide thoughts? Are you lonely? Are your relationships challenging? Difficult to maintain? Full of conflict? Are you able to effectively manage your emotions or do they have control of you? Do you act impulsively, act without thinking and have a difficult time tolerating change and distress? If you answered yes to any of these, Mindfulness and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) can help!
Are you struggling? Do you go through life on auto-pilot, feel disconnected or often find yourself judging? Do you engage in self-injury or have suicide thoughts? Are you lonely? Are your relationships challenging? Difficult to maintain? Full of conflict? Are you able to effectively manage your emotions or do they have control of you? Do you act impulsively, act without thinking and have a difficult time tolerating change and distress? If you answered yes to any of these, Mindfulness and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) can help!
(651) 615-7488 View (651) 615-7488
Photo of Jennifer Karel, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Jennifer Karel
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55105
Feel like you are constantly trying to achieve a healthy you, but with frustrating results? Let's get to the bottom of it so you can stop repeating the same unhelpful behaviors and live a healthy, intentional life. I focus on helping my clients achieve both emotional and physical health, as it can be difficult to achieve one without the other. My clients describe me as a straightforward, down to earth therapist. I don't sugar coat things, but rather let's cut out the fluff and get you feeling better physically and emotionally.
Feel like you are constantly trying to achieve a healthy you, but with frustrating results? Let's get to the bottom of it so you can stop repeating the same unhelpful behaviors and live a healthy, intentional life. I focus on helping my clients achieve both emotional and physical health, as it can be difficult to achieve one without the other. My clients describe me as a straightforward, down to earth therapist. I don't sugar coat things, but rather let's cut out the fluff and get you feeling better physically and emotionally.
(651) 565-7120 View (651) 565-7120
Photo of Susan Bollinger-Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Susan Bollinger-Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
Not accepting new clients
Free Bird's mission is to ensure that someone is there to support you through your unique life challenges and triumphs. Adjusting to life transitions and life changes, often cause past adverse and traumatic experiences to resurface. Free Bird's therapist is a clinical social worker trained to provide psychotherapy to a wide variety of individuals, couples/partners, groups, families, and concerned others. Free Bird psychotherapists have a keen awareness of trauma and adverse experiences.
Free Bird's mission is to ensure that someone is there to support you through your unique life challenges and triumphs. Adjusting to life transitions and life changes, often cause past adverse and traumatic experiences to resurface. Free Bird's therapist is a clinical social worker trained to provide psychotherapy to a wide variety of individuals, couples/partners, groups, families, and concerned others. Free Bird psychotherapists have a keen awareness of trauma and adverse experiences.
(651) 448-4033 View (651) 448-4033
Photo of Lauri Ink, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Paul, MN
Lauri Ink
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, JD
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
I have a warm and compassionate, client-centered approach. I believe that we all have the natural tendency to grow and heal, given the right conditions. My goal is to be a steadying, nonjudgmental presence alongside you in your healing journey. I will first focus on fostering emotional safety and trust. I will then support you to develop or deepen self acceptance, reach identified goals, and to live authentically. We will learn from interactions in our work together, as the therapeutic relationship can be a powerful base for change. Ultimately, you will find ways to better navigate your life.
I have a warm and compassionate, client-centered approach. I believe that we all have the natural tendency to grow and heal, given the right conditions. My goal is to be a steadying, nonjudgmental presence alongside you in your healing journey. I will first focus on fostering emotional safety and trust. I will then support you to develop or deepen self acceptance, reach identified goals, and to live authentically. We will learn from interactions in our work together, as the therapeutic relationship can be a powerful base for change. Ultimately, you will find ways to better navigate your life.
(651) 273-1875 View (651) 273-1875
Photo of Emily Bell, Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Emily Bell
Counselor, MA, LPCC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55113  (Online Only)
Emily is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional. She provides individual therapy for adults and adolescent clients ages 16 and up. She is trained as a Master Certified accelerated resolution therapist and Creative Arts Therapist. Emily specializes in the treatment of complex trauma. As well as phobias, obsessive compulsive disorder, grief and loss, anxiety, stress related to COVID-19. She is an LGBTQIA+ ally, body positive, and humanistic therapist; who supports individual choice and self-expression. Emily has authored Art workbooks found here: www.amazon.com/author/openmindtherapy.
Emily is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional. She provides individual therapy for adults and adolescent clients ages 16 and up. She is trained as a Master Certified accelerated resolution therapist and Creative Arts Therapist. Emily specializes in the treatment of complex trauma. As well as phobias, obsessive compulsive disorder, grief and loss, anxiety, stress related to COVID-19. She is an LGBTQIA+ ally, body positive, and humanistic therapist; who supports individual choice and self-expression. Emily has authored Art workbooks found here: www.amazon.com/author/openmindtherapy.
(651) 349-4143 View (651) 349-4143
Photo of MidWest Center for Personal & Family Development, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
MidWest Center for Personal & Family Development
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55114
You can get help in one simple phone call. We offer Caring, Convenient & Effective Behavioral Health Services. Call us at 651-647-1900 to schedule at one of our convenient counseling offices in: St. Paul, Burnsville or virtually from anywhere in Minnesota.
You can get help in one simple phone call. We offer Caring, Convenient & Effective Behavioral Health Services. Call us at 651-647-1900 to schedule at one of our convenient counseling offices in: St. Paul, Burnsville or virtually from anywhere in Minnesota.
(651) 370-9355 View (651) 370-9355
Photo of Success Psychological Services Glenn Hirsch Ph.D., Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Success Psychological Services Glenn Hirsch Ph.D.
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55108
Not accepting new clients
The name of my practice reflects how meaningful it is for me to help people overcome emotional and psychological blocks to success and create the personal and professional lives they wish for themselves. I would describe my therapy style as caring, supportive, collaborative, non-judgmental and practical, including offering recommendations for specific steps to move life forward. Unfortunately, I am not taking new clients in my practice at this time. You are welcome to check back in the future to see about making an appointment.
The name of my practice reflects how meaningful it is for me to help people overcome emotional and psychological blocks to success and create the personal and professional lives they wish for themselves. I would describe my therapy style as caring, supportive, collaborative, non-judgmental and practical, including offering recommendations for specific steps to move life forward. Unfortunately, I am not taking new clients in my practice at this time. You are welcome to check back in the future to see about making an appointment.
(612) 255-9046 View (612) 255-9046

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$170

Therapists in Saint Paul, MN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% BlueCross and BlueShield
72% UCare
68% HealthPartners of MN and WI

How Therapists in Saint Paul, MN see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
21% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Paul?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.