Photo of Veronica Colwin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kern County, CA
Veronica Colwin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93301  (Online Only)
I am consistent and reliable and will incorporate my person-centered, strength-based approach in our work together.
I am an empathetic therapist with a passion to create a space where clients can be heard and seen. I have experience in leading clients to self-empowerment and awareness to overcome challenges in their life. I also assist clients in developing skills in bettering their life and managing their symptoms of anxiety and depression. Through clinical, life experience, and compassion I value working to assist those willing to make a positive difference in their lives.
I am consistent and reliable and will incorporate my person-centered, strength-based approach in our work together.
I am an empathetic therapist with a passion to create a space where clients can be heard and seen. I have experience in leading clients to self-empowerment and awareness to overcome challenges in their life. I also assist clients in developing skills in bettering their life and managing their symptoms of anxiety and depression. Through clinical, life experience, and compassion I value working to assist those willing to make a positive difference in their lives.
(385) 263-2025 View (385) 263-2025
Photo of Gabriel Ruiz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kern County, CA
Gabriel Ruiz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PPSC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bakersfield, CA 93313  (Online Only)
I use various therapeutic approaches, such as cognitive-behavioral (CBT), solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT), relational, attachment-based, psychodynamic, strength-based, and person-centered approaches.
Hi there, my name is Gabriel Ruiz. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in California. I completed both my bachelor's in psychology and my Master of Social Work (MSW) at California State University, Bakersfield. I am currently working on obtaining my Doctorate in Social Work (DSW) at Simmons University in Boston, Massachusetts. Our time together isn’t necessarily to rid ourselves of “bad” feelings but to gain the ability to experience a wider range of emotions. I work with children, adolescents, and adults who have various mental health needs. My approach to therapy is focused on creating a safe, brave, and affirming space.
I use various therapeutic approaches, such as cognitive-behavioral (CBT), solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT), relational, attachment-based, psychodynamic, strength-based, and person-centered approaches.
Hi there, my name is Gabriel Ruiz. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in California. I completed both my bachelor's in psychology and my Master of Social Work (MSW) at California State University, Bakersfield. I am currently working on obtaining my Doctorate in Social Work (DSW) at Simmons University in Boston, Massachusetts. Our time together isn’t necessarily to rid ourselves of “bad” feelings but to gain the ability to experience a wider range of emotions. I work with children, adolescents, and adults who have various mental health needs. My approach to therapy is focused on creating a safe, brave, and affirming space.
(661) 464-0583 View (661) 464-0583
Photo of Sandy Lim, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kern County, CA
Sandy Lim
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bakersfield, CA 93306
My approach is client-centered, strength-based, and trauma-informed.
Hi, my name is Sandy Lim. My pronouns are she/her/hers and I am Korean and Filipino American born and raised in the Bay Area, California. I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10 years of experience in the mental health field. I look forward to building connections and cultivating a safe space with folks in their journey of self exploration and healing. I have specific experience working with people of color, young adults and teenagers dealing with life transitions, poverty and homelessness, anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship and self-esteem issues. I have also worked with adults who are formerly incarcerated.
My approach is client-centered, strength-based, and trauma-informed.
Hi, my name is Sandy Lim. My pronouns are she/her/hers and I am Korean and Filipino American born and raised in the Bay Area, California. I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10 years of experience in the mental health field. I look forward to building connections and cultivating a safe space with folks in their journey of self exploration and healing. I have specific experience working with people of color, young adults and teenagers dealing with life transitions, poverty and homelessness, anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship and self-esteem issues. I have also worked with adults who are formerly incarcerated.
(661) 438-0384 View (661) 438-0384
Photo of Jessica Marroquin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kern County, CA
Jessica Marroquin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Delano, CA 93215
With teens and adults, I utilize talk, trauma-focused, CBT, and strength-based therapy approaches to assist clients in discovering and overcoming the barriers necessary to bring about positive, permanent changes in improving the quality of their lives.
My name is Jessica Marroquin and I'm a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I am specialized in working with all ages from children as young as 5 to older adults. I take a client-centered approach in creating a safe enjoyable place where we can work together on developing new skills to tackle ways to improve your overall life functioning. I work with a variety of clients ranging from ages 0 to older adults. I am seasoned in working with young children, and families and feel comfortable with conducting individual and family sessions.
With teens and adults, I utilize talk, trauma-focused, CBT, and strength-based therapy approaches to assist clients in discovering and overcoming the barriers necessary to bring about positive, permanent changes in improving the quality of their lives.
My name is Jessica Marroquin and I'm a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I am specialized in working with all ages from children as young as 5 to older adults. I take a client-centered approach in creating a safe enjoyable place where we can work together on developing new skills to tackle ways to improve your overall life functioning. I work with a variety of clients ranging from ages 0 to older adults. I am seasoned in working with young children, and families and feel comfortable with conducting individual and family sessions.
(661) 344-4256 View (661) 344-4256
Photo of Christine Perry, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kern County, CA
Christine Perry
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93309  (Online Only)
Telehealth Only at this time! Hello! My name is Christine Perry and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I believe treatment should be as unique as each individual, therefor my approach is very client/person centered and strength based. This gives us the opportunity to utilize your needs to create a space in which you can heal and grow and build hope. Throughout my clinical experience, I’ve utilized a variety of techniques that are based in both interpersonal and person centered, for me this means that we work from the perspective that each individual has the answers they need.
Telehealth Only at this time! Hello! My name is Christine Perry and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I believe treatment should be as unique as each individual, therefor my approach is very client/person centered and strength based. This gives us the opportunity to utilize your needs to create a space in which you can heal and grow and build hope. Throughout my clinical experience, I’ve utilized a variety of techniques that are based in both interpersonal and person centered, for me this means that we work from the perspective that each individual has the answers they need.
(661) 485-4063 View (661) 485-4063
Photo of Ana Martin Del Campo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kern County, CA
Ana Martin Del Campo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93313
Ana Martin Del Campo is a licensed clinical social worker with 10 years of experience working with adults suffering from anxiety, depression, substance use, and challenges with behavior impacting their relationships. Ana provides a nonjudgmental, safe space to help clients explore their potential for healing. Ana incorporates CBT, mindfulness, and a strength-based approach
Ana Martin Del Campo is a licensed clinical social worker with 10 years of experience working with adults suffering from anxiety, depression, substance use, and challenges with behavior impacting their relationships. Ana provides a nonjudgmental, safe space to help clients explore their potential for healing. Ana incorporates CBT, mindfulness, and a strength-based approach
(661) 276-9504 View (661) 276-9504
Photo of Virginia Barnett, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kern County, CA
Virginia Barnett
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93309
I use strength-based models, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Structural Family Therapy, person-centered therapy, solution-focused, and trauma-focused therapy.
My name is Virginia Barnet, licensed in the state of California as a Marriage and Family Therapist. My approach to therapy is that I want my clients to know that everyone is an individual and treatment is not trying to put someone into specific categories, but to really dive into what my client is going through, without judgment. I typically work with clients who experience anxiety, depression, couple/marital problems, parenting skills, trauma, life adjustment, and relationship problems, and teenagers who are struggling with their day-to-day lives.
I use strength-based models, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Structural Family Therapy, person-centered therapy, solution-focused, and trauma-focused therapy.
My name is Virginia Barnet, licensed in the state of California as a Marriage and Family Therapist. My approach to therapy is that I want my clients to know that everyone is an individual and treatment is not trying to put someone into specific categories, but to really dive into what my client is going through, without judgment. I typically work with clients who experience anxiety, depression, couple/marital problems, parenting skills, trauma, life adjustment, and relationship problems, and teenagers who are struggling with their day-to-day lives.
(909) 639-3148 View (909) 639-3148
Photo of Central Valley Family Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kern County, CA
Central Valley Family Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93301
Central Valley Family Therapy is a group practice whose sole focus is providing individuals, couples and families support through all walks of life. Our clinicians recognize the importance of quality treatment for each and every client that walks through our doors. We welcome clients with culturally diverse identities, backgrounds, socio-economic statuses, and experiences. We believe that every person who seeks support should have access to quality mental health services. Our focus is not only on your unique therapeutic goals, but in providing our clients with a warm, friendly and nurturing environment.
Central Valley Family Therapy is a group practice whose sole focus is providing individuals, couples and families support through all walks of life. Our clinicians recognize the importance of quality treatment for each and every client that walks through our doors. We welcome clients with culturally diverse identities, backgrounds, socio-economic statuses, and experiences. We believe that every person who seeks support should have access to quality mental health services. Our focus is not only on your unique therapeutic goals, but in providing our clients with a warm, friendly and nurturing environment.
(661) 857-7068 View (661) 857-7068
Photo of Lisa Wolfe, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kern County, CA
Lisa Wolfe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93307
I typically use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused Brief Therapy, Somatic Therapy, and Strength-Based Therapy to help my clients create change and support in reaching their goals.
I have found that my style and experience are a good fit for teens and young adults who may be facing pressures and challenges in various areas of their lives. These challenges may present as stress, anxiety, or depression. I look forward to supporting you in creating positive change in your life.
I typically use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused Brief Therapy, Somatic Therapy, and Strength-Based Therapy to help my clients create change and support in reaching their goals.
I have found that my style and experience are a good fit for teens and young adults who may be facing pressures and challenges in various areas of their lives. These challenges may present as stress, anxiety, or depression. I look forward to supporting you in creating positive change in your life.
(831) 228-8942 View (831) 228-8942
Photo of Shawn Briggs, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kern County, CA
Shawn Briggs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93312
approach to therapy is client-centered, strength-based, solution-focused therapy.
My name is Shawn Marie Briggs, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). My education includes a master's in social work from the University of Southern California (USC). Through my education and experience, I have developed expertise in cultural diversity and the ability to provide clients with guidance through life's most difficult challenges. One of the most wonderful parts of my work is having the ability to meet clients where they are at and helping them to explore methods of coping that would best suit their individual needs.
approach to therapy is client-centered, strength-based, solution-focused therapy.
My name is Shawn Marie Briggs, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). My education includes a master's in social work from the University of Southern California (USC). Through my education and experience, I have developed expertise in cultural diversity and the ability to provide clients with guidance through life's most difficult challenges. One of the most wonderful parts of my work is having the ability to meet clients where they are at and helping them to explore methods of coping that would best suit their individual needs.
(562) 684-6294 View (562) 684-6294
Photo of Sara Fierro, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kern County, CA
Sara Fierro
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93312
My name is Sara Fierro, I am dually licensed in California as a Marriage and Family Therapist and a Professional Clinical Counselor. My focus areas include, but are not limited to, anxiety, trauma and resilience, depression, LGBTQIA+, life transitions, spirituality, interpersonal relationships/relational conflict, women's issues, dual diagnosis, ADHD, parenting, and self-esteem. I have an eclectic approach to therapy because I utilize interventions and skills from many theoretical orientations, including Client-Centered, Narrative, CBT, Motivational Interviewing, Solution-Focused, Strength-Based, Holistic, and Interpersonal
My name is Sara Fierro, I am dually licensed in California as a Marriage and Family Therapist and a Professional Clinical Counselor. My focus areas include, but are not limited to, anxiety, trauma and resilience, depression, LGBTQIA+, life transitions, spirituality, interpersonal relationships/relational conflict, women's issues, dual diagnosis, ADHD, parenting, and self-esteem. I have an eclectic approach to therapy because I utilize interventions and skills from many theoretical orientations, including Client-Centered, Narrative, CBT, Motivational Interviewing, Solution-Focused, Strength-Based, Holistic, and Interpersonal
(559) 342-2573 View (559) 342-2573
Photo of Shadaria Rene Prince, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kern County, CA
Shadaria Rene Prince
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bakersfield, CA 93306
My therapeutic approach is grounded in the principles of strength-based and person-centered care.
Hello and Welcome! My name is Shadaria Prince, LCSW, and I'm here to foster Healing, Empowerment, and Resilience in your journey. Life's unpredictable twists and turns can often leave us disoriented, questioning our path and searching for solid ground. This uncertainty can manifest as heightened anxiety, persistent stress, and overthinking, making life's challenges seem insurmountable. In these moments, I come alongside you, offering a nurturing, non-judgmental space where you can rediscover your inner strength and find your voice.
My therapeutic approach is grounded in the principles of strength-based and person-centered care.
Hello and Welcome! My name is Shadaria Prince, LCSW, and I'm here to foster Healing, Empowerment, and Resilience in your journey. Life's unpredictable twists and turns can often leave us disoriented, questioning our path and searching for solid ground. This uncertainty can manifest as heightened anxiety, persistent stress, and overthinking, making life's challenges seem insurmountable. In these moments, I come alongside you, offering a nurturing, non-judgmental space where you can rediscover your inner strength and find your voice.
(209) 260-6720 View (209) 260-6720
Photo of Marie Stokey, Counselor in Kern County, CA
Marie Stokey
Counselor, MA, LCMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
Tehachapi, CA 93561  (Online Only)
As an experienced therapist, I understand how difficult it can be to find resources to help those who are suffering from issues such as anxiety, depression, past trauma, abuse, forming and maintaining healthy relationships, etc. These issues can be difficult and I work on creating a collaborative relationship with my clients to help them have the tools they need to overcome some of these different roadblocks that are experienced in life.
As an experienced therapist, I understand how difficult it can be to find resources to help those who are suffering from issues such as anxiety, depression, past trauma, abuse, forming and maintaining healthy relationships, etc. These issues can be difficult and I work on creating a collaborative relationship with my clients to help them have the tools they need to overcome some of these different roadblocks that are experienced in life.
(661) 475-8328 View (661) 475-8328
Photo of Denny Ray Moss, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kern County, CA
Denny Ray Moss
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, CBIS, CHT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93309  (Online Only)
Congratulations on taking the first step towards healing! I believe that our primary purpose in life is to strive to be the best version of ourselves that we can possibly be - regardless of our starting point. But finding our path cannot happen without taking the courageous first steps of self-examination and exploration. I provide individual and family therapy, as well as marriage and couples counseling, specializing in conflict management and treating clients with chemical dependency and other addictive patterns of behavior. People experiencing problems with stress, depression, anxiety, grief and loss and other life struggles also seek my help.
Congratulations on taking the first step towards healing! I believe that our primary purpose in life is to strive to be the best version of ourselves that we can possibly be - regardless of our starting point. But finding our path cannot happen without taking the courageous first steps of self-examination and exploration. I provide individual and family therapy, as well as marriage and couples counseling, specializing in conflict management and treating clients with chemical dependency and other addictive patterns of behavior. People experiencing problems with stress, depression, anxiety, grief and loss and other life struggles also seek my help.
(661) 384-6362 View (661) 384-6362
Photo of Elizabeth Phillips, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kern County, CA
Elizabeth Phillips
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93307
Hello, I'm Elizabeth Phillips, LCSW, a compassionate and dedicated therapist committed to creating a supportive space for your personal growth and well-being. With expertise in working with both teens and the elderly, I bring a client-centered approach, drawing from various therapeutic modalities to tailor our sessions to your unique needs and goals. I look forward to collaborating with you on your journey towards positive change and resilience. I approach therapy with a client-centered and strengths-based perspective. I strive to create a safe and non-judgmental space where you can openly explore your thoughts and emotions.
Hello, I'm Elizabeth Phillips, LCSW, a compassionate and dedicated therapist committed to creating a supportive space for your personal growth and well-being. With expertise in working with both teens and the elderly, I bring a client-centered approach, drawing from various therapeutic modalities to tailor our sessions to your unique needs and goals. I look forward to collaborating with you on your journey towards positive change and resilience. I approach therapy with a client-centered and strengths-based perspective. I strive to create a safe and non-judgmental space where you can openly explore your thoughts and emotions.
(661) 768-1730 View (661) 768-1730
Photo of Stephanie R Prince, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kern County, CA
Stephanie R Prince
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bakersfield, CA 93301
Loss is experienced through various forms during our lifetime – whether it’s the loss of a loved one, the loss of a job, the end of a relationship, divorce, children leaving for college or adolescents transitioning into adulthood. Together, we will navigate this journey called life. I believe we were all created with purpose and now that you’ve taken the brave, bold step to seek direction on the next steps of your life, I would love to be considered as your listener and guide.
Loss is experienced through various forms during our lifetime – whether it’s the loss of a loved one, the loss of a job, the end of a relationship, divorce, children leaving for college or adolescents transitioning into adulthood. Together, we will navigate this journey called life. I believe we were all created with purpose and now that you’ve taken the brave, bold step to seek direction on the next steps of your life, I would love to be considered as your listener and guide.
(661) 490-9706 View (661) 490-9706
Photo of Dr. Douglas Cowan, Online Mentoring , Marriage & Family Therapist in Kern County, CA
Dr. Douglas Cowan, Online Mentoring
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
Tehachapi, CA 93561  (Online Only)
Men. Lonely, Anxious, feeling Empty Inside. This is for all the lonely people, thinking that life has passed them by. This is for husbands, fathers seeking a richer, fuller life and relationships. Imagine your life without anxiety, stress, or ADHD symptoms holding you back? We provide a remote program to overcome anxiety and stress, help increase focus, concentration and decision-making. 35 years of experience as a therapist, coach, and consultant. I am co-founder of CalmWaves Brain Health and Performance studios. We provide services to clients in Scottsdale and remotely across the country. Let's connect today and talk about you.
Men. Lonely, Anxious, feeling Empty Inside. This is for all the lonely people, thinking that life has passed them by. This is for husbands, fathers seeking a richer, fuller life and relationships. Imagine your life without anxiety, stress, or ADHD symptoms holding you back? We provide a remote program to overcome anxiety and stress, help increase focus, concentration and decision-making. 35 years of experience as a therapist, coach, and consultant. I am co-founder of CalmWaves Brain Health and Performance studios. We provide services to clients in Scottsdale and remotely across the country. Let's connect today and talk about you.
(442) 261-4756 View (442) 261-4756
InspireMe Counseling and Wellness Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93301
'Servicios disponibles en español.' We all need someone who gives us the courage, strength, guidance, and support to get through challenges in life. Someone who we can connect with that we can trust who can identify with our needs, in a safe place with no judgment, to help improve our overall quality of life. Our goal at InspireMe Counseling and Wellness Center is to work on improving your overall well-being through mental health and wellness. We strive to meet our clients where they are and work with helping them move from a place of surviving to thriving. We work with with individuals, families, couples, and groups,
'Servicios disponibles en español.' We all need someone who gives us the courage, strength, guidance, and support to get through challenges in life. Someone who we can connect with that we can trust who can identify with our needs, in a safe place with no judgment, to help improve our overall quality of life. Our goal at InspireMe Counseling and Wellness Center is to work on improving your overall well-being through mental health and wellness. We strive to meet our clients where they are and work with helping them move from a place of surviving to thriving. We work with with individuals, families, couples, and groups,
(661) 215-8827 View (661) 215-8827
Photo of Daniel Banaitis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kern County, CA
Daniel Banaitis
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Ridgecrest, CA 93555
My name is Dan Banaitis, LMFT specializing in the treatment of anxiety and depression as well as treating adolescents and adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. I also work with couples, families and provide pre-marital counseling. I work with anxious and depressed clients that are highly motivated to make positive changes in their lives by engaging fully in the therapeutic process. I work with adult clients with ASD experiencing challenges with the social and emotional aspects of life. I am also pursuing certification as a Sex Addiction Specialist (CSAT) and can help clients suffering from sexual addictions.
My name is Dan Banaitis, LMFT specializing in the treatment of anxiety and depression as well as treating adolescents and adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. I also work with couples, families and provide pre-marital counseling. I work with anxious and depressed clients that are highly motivated to make positive changes in their lives by engaging fully in the therapeutic process. I work with adult clients with ASD experiencing challenges with the social and emotional aspects of life. I am also pursuing certification as a Sex Addiction Specialist (CSAT) and can help clients suffering from sexual addictions.
(760) 760-2208 View (760) 760-2208
Photo of Dena Barnes, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kern County, CA
Dena Barnes
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, ATR, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93301
Sometimes, it's hard to know how to change things without the help of someone you trust. Perhaps you are ready to make a change in your life...ready to finally close the gap between the way your life is and the way you would like it to be? I'd like to help you along that journey. My goal is to help each client develop a pathway to achieve inner health, resolve conflicts, and find happiness and wholeness in their lives. Here, you will find an open, safe and empathic space for transformation.
Sometimes, it's hard to know how to change things without the help of someone you trust. Perhaps you are ready to make a change in your life...ready to finally close the gap between the way your life is and the way you would like it to be? I'd like to help you along that journey. My goal is to help each client develop a pathway to achieve inner health, resolve conflicts, and find happiness and wholeness in their lives. Here, you will find an open, safe and empathic space for transformation.
(661) 460-5123 View (661) 460-5123

Strength-Based Therapists

How does strength-based therapy work?

During strength-based therapy sessions, the therapist will ask about an individual’s experiences of stress, pain, or trauma with the goal of orienting the client to view themselves as a survivor rather than a victim, and focusing on their strengths rather than on their weaknesses. In framing a client’s personal narrative along these lines, the therapist and client work together to identify existing skills that can be harnessed.

Is strength-based therapy evidence-based?

Strength-based therapy is an evidence-based treatment that has been studied extensively and shown to be effective across domains. The treatment has been found to be particularly effective in helping individuals who are experiencing stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, and other mental health concerns. Strength-based therapy has been used by therapists to help clients for more than 60 years.

How long does strength-based therapy last?

There’s no precise timeline for strength-based therapy. The duration of treatment depends on the individual’s specific needs and goals and the severity of their concerns. Some individuals may find they achieve their therapeutic goals quickly, while others might benefit from ongoing support and guidance in order to continue progressing.

How effective is strength-based therapy?

Clinical research and decades of practice have shown strength-based therapy to be an effective treatment to improve mental health and well-being for many conditions. The treatment can engender a sense of connection and collaboration between the therapist and the individual, fostering a positive therapeutic relationship. For individuals with narcissistic tendencies, strength-based therapy may be less effective, as the focus on the individual’s strengths may undermine the work needed to honestly assess the challenges the individual faces.