Therapists in Grand Rapids, MI

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Photo of Christine Leadbetter, Counselor in Grand Rapids, MI
Christine Leadbetter
Counselor, LPCA
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
Christine Leadbetter is a Limited Licensed Professional Counselor (LLPC), who has been practicing since 2021. She graduated from Central Michigan University with a Bachelors in Psychology and a Masters in Counseling. Counseling for Christine is a collaborative experience and it is my goal to make sure that it continues to be that way between myself and the client. I work with clients to guide and help them find their own personal strengths and set achievable goals. My goal with the client is to assist them in discovering tools so that they can rely on their personal strengths to face and overcome life's obstacles and stressors.
Christine Leadbetter is a Limited Licensed Professional Counselor (LLPC), who has been practicing since 2021. She graduated from Central Michigan University with a Bachelors in Psychology and a Masters in Counseling. Counseling for Christine is a collaborative experience and it is my goal to make sure that it continues to be that way between myself and the client. I work with clients to guide and help them find their own personal strengths and set achievable goals. My goal with the client is to assist them in discovering tools so that they can rely on their personal strengths to face and overcome life's obstacles and stressors.
(616) 522-4640 View (616) 522-4640
Photo of Bethany Doneth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Bethany Doneth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
Hi, I am a Masters Level Social Worker who, for the last ten years, have been working with individuals with chronic medical illnesses. I am presently working with individuals who struggle with day-to-day stressors, mood shifts, and balancing life challenges. If you struggle with doing daily activities that seem to prohibit you from enjoying life, then please email me. I will meet you where you are at and work together to ensure you develop the tools needed to help bring your life to where you can find your happiness. Life can be difficult and asking for help is the best way to start.
Hi, I am a Masters Level Social Worker who, for the last ten years, have been working with individuals with chronic medical illnesses. I am presently working with individuals who struggle with day-to-day stressors, mood shifts, and balancing life challenges. If you struggle with doing daily activities that seem to prohibit you from enjoying life, then please email me. I will meet you where you are at and work together to ensure you develop the tools needed to help bring your life to where you can find your happiness. Life can be difficult and asking for help is the best way to start.
(616) 441-3627 View (616) 441-3627
Photo of Jim Rossi, Psychologist in Grand Rapids, MI
Jim Rossi
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49503
I enjoy working with individuals struggling with chronic illness, eating disorders, weight loss, anxiety, depression, interpersonal concerns, and general life stress. I understand that it can be extremely stressful to manage emotional or physical health concerns in our fast paced, high pressure society. Throughout my training, I have admired the people I have worked with who are making transitions and want to examine themselves, their past, and their interpersonal environment to make changes that work for them.
I enjoy working with individuals struggling with chronic illness, eating disorders, weight loss, anxiety, depression, interpersonal concerns, and general life stress. I understand that it can be extremely stressful to manage emotional or physical health concerns in our fast paced, high pressure society. Throughout my training, I have admired the people I have worked with who are making transitions and want to examine themselves, their past, and their interpersonal environment to make changes that work for them.
(616) 326-3249 View (616) 326-3249
Photo of Heather Parlmer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Heather Parlmer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
You don't have to be experiencing a breakdown to benefit from therapy. Perhaps you're just maxed out by a recent loss, strained relationship, or difficult diagnosis. Maybe you're someone exhausted from pouring yourself into caregiving, as a health care professional or a loved one. You're spent, dissatisfied, frazzled and anxious. You worry about what seems insurmountable and feel discouraged about moving forward. Therapy can help you explore and process what's going on with you. You can gain insight and learn to manage through the difficulties. People, just like you, come to therapy for clarity and to develop tools for coping.
You don't have to be experiencing a breakdown to benefit from therapy. Perhaps you're just maxed out by a recent loss, strained relationship, or difficult diagnosis. Maybe you're someone exhausted from pouring yourself into caregiving, as a health care professional or a loved one. You're spent, dissatisfied, frazzled and anxious. You worry about what seems insurmountable and feel discouraged about moving forward. Therapy can help you explore and process what's going on with you. You can gain insight and learn to manage through the difficulties. People, just like you, come to therapy for clarity and to develop tools for coping.
(616) 504-2428 View (616) 504-2428
Photo of Shasta Gross, Licensed Professional Counselor in Grand Rapids, MI
Shasta Gross
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
I am passionate about people from all walks of life. I enjoy working with a variety of individuals from those walking through hard seasons, struggling with big decisions, anxiety, depression, experiencing grief and loss to wanting to work through significant traumas and emotional healing.
I am passionate about people from all walks of life. I enjoy working with a variety of individuals from those walking through hard seasons, struggling with big decisions, anxiety, depression, experiencing grief and loss to wanting to work through significant traumas and emotional healing.
(616) 213-3601 View (616) 213-3601
Photo of Elizabeth Ann Johnson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Grand Rapids, MI
Elizabeth Ann Johnson
Pre-Licensed Professional, LLMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49505  (Online Only)
If you've ever found yourself in a situation where you needed support but didn't know where to turn, you're not alone. I recall my initial attempts at seeking therapy in my younger days, where encounters with judgmental counselors deterred me from seeking help for a while. As life unfolded, it became evident that something wasn't right, prompting me to persistently search for a compassionate guide who would listen without judgment and aid me in my healing journey.
If you've ever found yourself in a situation where you needed support but didn't know where to turn, you're not alone. I recall my initial attempts at seeking therapy in my younger days, where encounters with judgmental counselors deterred me from seeking help for a while. As life unfolded, it became evident that something wasn't right, prompting me to persistently search for a compassionate guide who would listen without judgment and aid me in my healing journey.
(616) 219-0097 View (616) 219-0097
Photo of Finn Asterión (Marcks) in Grand Rapids, MI
Finn Asterión (Marcks)
LLMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49503
Waitlist for new clients
Finn Marcks (he/they) is a queer, trans, nonbinary therapist who believes in providing a safe, affirming, healing environment for people who are hurting. Finn’s main passion is working with LGBTQIA+ clients, and making gender-affirming care more accessible. Finn believes therapy is about the relationship between therapist and client, founded on trust and connection. Finn’s therapeutic lens is shaped by both his lived experiences and his work in LGBTQIA+ education and advocacy, as well as youth residential mental health and community mental health.
Finn Marcks (he/they) is a queer, trans, nonbinary therapist who believes in providing a safe, affirming, healing environment for people who are hurting. Finn’s main passion is working with LGBTQIA+ clients, and making gender-affirming care more accessible. Finn believes therapy is about the relationship between therapist and client, founded on trust and connection. Finn’s therapeutic lens is shaped by both his lived experiences and his work in LGBTQIA+ education and advocacy, as well as youth residential mental health and community mental health.
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Photo of Jordi Cross, Counselor in Grand Rapids, MI
Jordi Cross
Counselor, LLPC
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49525
I work with individuals, couples and families as they navigate a variety of life complexities. My practice is a safe and practical place to process the past and explore your future. Perhaps, you’re coping with a particular problem or feeling stuck in long-term patterns of dysfunction and individual therapy sounds like a great fit. Or maybe, you're hoping to renew hope in the relationships you treasure most via couples or family therapy where you will learn to improve communication, cultivate boundaries, and mend any past or present wounds to ensure the healing and sustainability of the relationships that matter most.
I work with individuals, couples and families as they navigate a variety of life complexities. My practice is a safe and practical place to process the past and explore your future. Perhaps, you’re coping with a particular problem or feeling stuck in long-term patterns of dysfunction and individual therapy sounds like a great fit. Or maybe, you're hoping to renew hope in the relationships you treasure most via couples or family therapy where you will learn to improve communication, cultivate boundaries, and mend any past or present wounds to ensure the healing and sustainability of the relationships that matter most.
(616) 808-0333 View (616) 808-0333
Photo of Jenny Hall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Jenny Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49506
Since completing my master's degree and post-grad training at UM in 2009, I've worked in crisis intervention, inpatient and community-based settings. In these contexts, as well as in my own life, I've found that all of us complicated, unique humans share some basic common goals. In the words of the poet Hafiz, we all want "to love more, and be happy." I've also found that with some bravery, strength and wisdom, the difficulties we face today can serve as catalysts toward positive change and a more meaningful, fulfilling life.
Since completing my master's degree and post-grad training at UM in 2009, I've worked in crisis intervention, inpatient and community-based settings. In these contexts, as well as in my own life, I've found that all of us complicated, unique humans share some basic common goals. In the words of the poet Hafiz, we all want "to love more, and be happy." I've also found that with some bravery, strength and wisdom, the difficulties we face today can serve as catalysts toward positive change and a more meaningful, fulfilling life.
(616) 379-9823 View (616) 379-9823
Photo of Micah Bell - Conscious Solutions, LLC , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Micah Bell - Conscious Solutions, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49507
As a licensed clinical therapist and school social worker, my goal, focus and passion is to help every person I work with meet their full potential by helping them with healing and understanding “The Process”. I take pride in standing with you in exploring various behaviors that hinder success (thoughts, emotions, actions and inactions) with compassion and empathy.
As a licensed clinical therapist and school social worker, my goal, focus and passion is to help every person I work with meet their full potential by helping them with healing and understanding “The Process”. I take pride in standing with you in exploring various behaviors that hinder success (thoughts, emotions, actions and inactions) with compassion and empathy.
(616) 747-8063 View (616) 747-8063
Photo of Matthew Werkman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Matthew Werkman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49544
Something needs to change, but you cannot put your finger on what that change is or how to go about making it. Life feels overwhelming and unrelenting and lacks meaning. You might be thinking, "My life is not everything I want it to be, and I want to figure out why that is." Perhaps, you wonder what makes you YOU and what that means for your work, your relationships, or personal self-growth. In therapy, we will holistically consider your story as we seek to restore balance and facilitate lasting change. You want to write new chapters in your story. Therapy can help you put pen to paper.
Something needs to change, but you cannot put your finger on what that change is or how to go about making it. Life feels overwhelming and unrelenting and lacks meaning. You might be thinking, "My life is not everything I want it to be, and I want to figure out why that is." Perhaps, you wonder what makes you YOU and what that means for your work, your relationships, or personal self-growth. In therapy, we will holistically consider your story as we seek to restore balance and facilitate lasting change. You want to write new chapters in your story. Therapy can help you put pen to paper.
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Photo of Alex Houseknecht, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Grand Rapids, MI
Alex Houseknecht
Limited Licensed Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49503
Not accepting new clients
Our experiences shape how we think, feel, and participate in the world. From individual personality, to family of origin, to cultural context, the interaction of internal and external can result in feelings of depression or anxiety, difficulty in relationships, or confusion about identity. Sometimes all that’s needed is short-term help that focuses on developing better coping skills, and other times deep, long-term, insight-oriented work is necessary to disentangle complex lifelong difficulties.
Our experiences shape how we think, feel, and participate in the world. From individual personality, to family of origin, to cultural context, the interaction of internal and external can result in feelings of depression or anxiety, difficulty in relationships, or confusion about identity. Sometimes all that’s needed is short-term help that focuses on developing better coping skills, and other times deep, long-term, insight-oriented work is necessary to disentangle complex lifelong difficulties.
(616) 207-2267 View (616) 207-2267
Photo of Diane Lown, Counselor in Grand Rapids, MI
Diane Lown
Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
Not accepting new clients
It is human to feel discouraged, overwhelmed, angry, or stuck. I work with people who want to learn better ways to navigate their problems. With increased awareness and understanding, I will help you resolve what can be resolved and accept what cannot. Most importantly, my clients will develop more compassion for self.
It is human to feel discouraged, overwhelmed, angry, or stuck. I work with people who want to learn better ways to navigate their problems. With increased awareness and understanding, I will help you resolve what can be resolved and accept what cannot. Most importantly, my clients will develop more compassion for self.
(616) 288-2892 View (616) 288-2892
Photo of Jessica Rose Hoekstra, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Grand Rapids, MI
Jessica Rose Hoekstra
Limited Licensed Psychologist, LLP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49525
As a therapist, I believe that building a relationship is the most important part of the therapeutic process. From that relationship, it becomes possible to examine difficult areas of your life in order to experience growth and security within yourself. The therapeutic setting provides a unique opportunity to pause the busyness of everyday life and sort through present or past concerns that may be affecting you and your family.
As a therapist, I believe that building a relationship is the most important part of the therapeutic process. From that relationship, it becomes possible to examine difficult areas of your life in order to experience growth and security within yourself. The therapeutic setting provides a unique opportunity to pause the busyness of everyday life and sort through present or past concerns that may be affecting you and your family.
(616) 528-9132 View (616) 528-9132
Photo of Ardrace D Morris, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Grand Rapids, MI
Ardrace D Morris
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MS, MA, TLLP
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49501
Are you feeling powerless? Is your fear, anger, confusion, and indecision getting the best of you? Unfortunately, we cannot control the experiences that impact us. At times, your lens of experience can lead you to a place of depression, anxiety, stress, or not living your best life. I will support you in facing adversity and reclaiming your power of self-love. Taking this step towards therapy is commendable. At 1 Verse Counseling and Consulting we believe you deserve to be "Mentally Well" 1 Verse at a time!
Are you feeling powerless? Is your fear, anger, confusion, and indecision getting the best of you? Unfortunately, we cannot control the experiences that impact us. At times, your lens of experience can lead you to a place of depression, anxiety, stress, or not living your best life. I will support you in facing adversity and reclaiming your power of self-love. Taking this step towards therapy is commendable. At 1 Verse Counseling and Consulting we believe you deserve to be "Mentally Well" 1 Verse at a time!
(616) 207-0354 View (616) 207-0354
Photo of Laurie Schmit Mi Professional Counseling Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Laurie Schmit Mi Professional Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49525
Not accepting new clients
Congratulations on taking this step towards lasting change! To have landed right here, right now, part of you is ready to do what's necessary to heal your past. We'll create the safety necessary to move through pain and into the freedom for you to take charge of your life. My style is compassionate & collaborative. I'm a strong Ally, and work well with diverse adults to move from surviving into thriving. I've worked extensively with helping professionals: counselors, MDs, PAs, nurses, OT/PT/STs, LMTs and love it! Mentoring MSWs is also a passion of mine, and I offer licensure and billing supervision and business consulting.
Congratulations on taking this step towards lasting change! To have landed right here, right now, part of you is ready to do what's necessary to heal your past. We'll create the safety necessary to move through pain and into the freedom for you to take charge of your life. My style is compassionate & collaborative. I'm a strong Ally, and work well with diverse adults to move from surviving into thriving. I've worked extensively with helping professionals: counselors, MDs, PAs, nurses, OT/PT/STs, LMTs and love it! Mentoring MSWs is also a passion of mine, and I offer licensure and billing supervision and business consulting.
(616) 244-2638 View (616) 244-2638
Photo of Jason C. Clauser, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Jason C. Clauser
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49525
Please come and see me at Life Support, LLC. This is a group practice that has many therapist to choose from and information is being updated for opening 9/3/19 website is https://lifesupportllc.info/. This is a safe professional place that everyone can come to for counseling and to get through all the struggles that life throws at us. I am a Licensed Social worker with 15 years of experience working with individuals and families, child welfare, corrections, behavioral health and medical social work to benefit you.
Please come and see me at Life Support, LLC. This is a group practice that has many therapist to choose from and information is being updated for opening 9/3/19 website is https://lifesupportllc.info/. This is a safe professional place that everyone can come to for counseling and to get through all the struggles that life throws at us. I am a Licensed Social worker with 15 years of experience working with individuals and families, child welfare, corrections, behavioral health and medical social work to benefit you.
(616) 439-6240 View (616) 439-6240
Photo of Dr. Merrill E Graham, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Dr. Merrill E Graham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LMSW, RPT
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49506
Waitlist for new clients
I am an experienced Psychotherapist with over 25 years experience working with children, teens, adults, and families in the areas of depression, anxiety, trauma, grief and loss, divorce, and other life changes. I offer Polyvagal-informed therapy with the focus of eliminating the symptoms that have impaired healthy functioning.
I am an experienced Psychotherapist with over 25 years experience working with children, teens, adults, and families in the areas of depression, anxiety, trauma, grief and loss, divorce, and other life changes. I offer Polyvagal-informed therapy with the focus of eliminating the symptoms that have impaired healthy functioning.
(616) 210-3888 View (616) 210-3888
Photo of Marie Dershem, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Marie Dershem
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
Not accepting new clients
"Courage doesn't happen when you have all the answers. It happens when you are ready to face the questions you've been avoiding your whole life." I love this quote by Shannon L Alder. It takes such courage to reach out to someone, to recognize that you desire growth and healing. Know that when you reach out to me, you will be met with compassion, support, and a safe place to look inside yourself. We can face shame, sadness, fear, anger, trauma, eating issues, body image struggles, and other issues... and together, we will build on your strength, resilience, and deep capacity for healing. Together, we will find hope and healing.
"Courage doesn't happen when you have all the answers. It happens when you are ready to face the questions you've been avoiding your whole life." I love this quote by Shannon L Alder. It takes such courage to reach out to someone, to recognize that you desire growth and healing. Know that when you reach out to me, you will be met with compassion, support, and a safe place to look inside yourself. We can face shame, sadness, fear, anger, trauma, eating issues, body image struggles, and other issues... and together, we will build on your strength, resilience, and deep capacity for healing. Together, we will find hope and healing.
(616) 201-1447 View (616) 201-1447
Photo of Megan Schwab, Licensed Professional Counselor in Grand Rapids, MI
Megan Schwab
Licensed Professional Counselor, LLPC
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49544
As a Master’s level clinician I strive to help clients improve their lives and learn new skills, techniques, ways of viewing themselves, and the world around them in a way that may reduce pain and suffering. I frequently use Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) to help empower and guide individuals in their healing journey. I believe we are all capable of finding relief, strength, and a new way of perceiving ourselves and our environment, despite the difficult and unique challenges we face.
As a Master’s level clinician I strive to help clients improve their lives and learn new skills, techniques, ways of viewing themselves, and the world around them in a way that may reduce pain and suffering. I frequently use Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) to help empower and guide individuals in their healing journey. I believe we are all capable of finding relief, strength, and a new way of perceiving ourselves and our environment, despite the difficult and unique challenges we face.
(616) 528-9803 View (616) 528-9803

See more therapy options for Grand Rapids

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Grand Rapids, MI

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Grand Rapids, MI who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
89% Depression
77% Self Esteem
76% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
71% Coping Skills
70% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
69% Priority Health
63% Aetna

How Therapists in Grand Rapids, MI see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Grand Rapids?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.