Therapists in Chattanooga, TN

Photo of Tiffany Warner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Tiffany Warner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, NBCCH
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37405  (Online Only)
HI! Thank you for checking out my profile. My goal as a therapist is to create a warm, safe, and supportive environment for my clients to identify and make the changes they are seeking in their lives. I work with adults on a variety of issues including anxiety, grief/loss, depression, stress, breaking unwanted habits, and trauma (including complex trauma) . I am dually licensed as a LCSW in both Tennessee and Florida, and I have over 25 years of experience in my field. I love sharing my knowledge of neuroscience to help my clients gain understanding, and to bridge the gap between what they know and what they feel.
HI! Thank you for checking out my profile. My goal as a therapist is to create a warm, safe, and supportive environment for my clients to identify and make the changes they are seeking in their lives. I work with adults on a variety of issues including anxiety, grief/loss, depression, stress, breaking unwanted habits, and trauma (including complex trauma) . I am dually licensed as a LCSW in both Tennessee and Florida, and I have over 25 years of experience in my field. I love sharing my knowledge of neuroscience to help my clients gain understanding, and to bridge the gap between what they know and what they feel.
(423) 800-5973 View (423) 800-5973
Photo of Marcus R Perez, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Marcus R Perez
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37421
When people experience life stressors or trauma, it's not uncommon for their lives to feel like they're unraveling. My passion is to use a solution focused methods to set goals and improve client outcomes. Many people want answers, and I enjoy helping others find answers. I enjoy exploring solutions through recognizing how life experiences impact behavior patterns.
When people experience life stressors or trauma, it's not uncommon for their lives to feel like they're unraveling. My passion is to use a solution focused methods to set goals and improve client outcomes. Many people want answers, and I enjoy helping others find answers. I enjoy exploring solutions through recognizing how life experiences impact behavior patterns.
(765) 523-4816 View (765) 523-4816
Photo of Belinda F Thornton, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chattanooga, TN
Belinda F Thornton
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
You are of great value and have potential for resiliency and change, even if you feel too wounded, unworthy, or overwhelmed. Having someone to empathically hold your experiences and emotionally vulnerable or conflicted state while also facilitating the healing and growth you are capable of, is comforting and empowering. Allow me the privilege of partnering with you in developing and experiencing a practical, personally meaningful, trauma and culturally informed journey to improved mental-emotional health, wellness, and completeness.
You are of great value and have potential for resiliency and change, even if you feel too wounded, unworthy, or overwhelmed. Having someone to empathically hold your experiences and emotionally vulnerable or conflicted state while also facilitating the healing and growth you are capable of, is comforting and empowering. Allow me the privilege of partnering with you in developing and experiencing a practical, personally meaningful, trauma and culturally informed journey to improved mental-emotional health, wellness, and completeness.
(423) 460-8389 View (423) 460-8389
Photo of Linden Turner, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Chattanooga, TN
Linden Turner
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MS, MFT-I
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37408
Life's challenges can lead us to a place where recognizing the person in the mirror becomes foreign. The fights with your partner, the fear of the future, or desiring a sense of direction and meaningful connection can leave us feeling frozen, overwhelmed, and distanced from where we’d like to be. Your unique experience matters - which is why I work to foster empathy, openness, authenticity, safety, and caring challenges within therapy - to meet you where you are and journey beside you as you seek to find yourself and your relationships again.
Life's challenges can lead us to a place where recognizing the person in the mirror becomes foreign. The fights with your partner, the fear of the future, or desiring a sense of direction and meaningful connection can leave us feeling frozen, overwhelmed, and distanced from where we’d like to be. Your unique experience matters - which is why I work to foster empathy, openness, authenticity, safety, and caring challenges within therapy - to meet you where you are and journey beside you as you seek to find yourself and your relationships again.
(423) 460-9815 View (423) 460-9815
Photo of Paul Laskowske, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chattanooga, TN
Paul Laskowske
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
I help people who have lost their way get reconnected--to spouse or family, to God, or to their own dreams and goals. I work with individuals, couples, and families struggling through issues such as addiction that create distance among those they love; with individuals pursuing spiritual healing from emotional wounds; and with people grappling with cultural identity, transition, and stress, such as missionaries and children of missionaries. I have an eclectic approach for counseling individuals that integrates interpersonal, narrative, and strengths-based elements with my Christian worldview, and am buildling experience using Gottman Method Therapy for working with couples.
I help people who have lost their way get reconnected--to spouse or family, to God, or to their own dreams and goals. I work with individuals, couples, and families struggling through issues such as addiction that create distance among those they love; with individuals pursuing spiritual healing from emotional wounds; and with people grappling with cultural identity, transition, and stress, such as missionaries and children of missionaries. I have an eclectic approach for counseling individuals that integrates interpersonal, narrative, and strengths-based elements with my Christian worldview, and am buildling experience using Gottman Method Therapy for working with couples.
(423) 380-0667 View (423) 380-0667
Photo of Sheaba Chacko, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Sheaba Chacko
Licensed Professional Counselor, MHSP
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37405  (Online Only)
Is Anxiety holding you back? You’ve always been proactive, perceptive, and personable - but you’re afraid of losing your edge. Things are piling up, getting bottlenecked, and feeling dicey. Your mind is racing and your body is lagging. It’s challenging to maintain that upbeat, agreeable, and positive outlook that you’re known for - especially when you're in the car or working alone. Typically you’d put your head down and push through. But this time? You know that’s not enough. Nothing is glaringly obvious from the outside…but that’s why internally you want to stay ahead of it. Hi! I’m Sheaba. I can help.
Is Anxiety holding you back? You’ve always been proactive, perceptive, and personable - but you’re afraid of losing your edge. Things are piling up, getting bottlenecked, and feeling dicey. Your mind is racing and your body is lagging. It’s challenging to maintain that upbeat, agreeable, and positive outlook that you’re known for - especially when you're in the car or working alone. Typically you’d put your head down and push through. But this time? You know that’s not enough. Nothing is glaringly obvious from the outside…but that’s why internally you want to stay ahead of it. Hi! I’m Sheaba. I can help.
Photo of Caroline Rowlader, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Caroline Rowlader
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37402  (Online Only)
My ideal clients are adults (ages 25-38) struggling with anxiety, perfectionism, mild depression, and phase of life changes. My clients are navigating new chapters in their lives, including career changes, dating/marriage relationships, and changing family dynamics. They are motivated for change and open to feedback and alternative perspectives. They are seeking a telehealth-only therapist for added scheduling flexibility, confidentiality, and transportability.
My ideal clients are adults (ages 25-38) struggling with anxiety, perfectionism, mild depression, and phase of life changes. My clients are navigating new chapters in their lives, including career changes, dating/marriage relationships, and changing family dynamics. They are motivated for change and open to feedback and alternative perspectives. They are seeking a telehealth-only therapist for added scheduling flexibility, confidentiality, and transportability.
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Photo of Caitlin Merritt, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Caitlin Merritt
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37404  (Online Only)
Caitlin Merritt is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 6 years of experience working with clients of all ages. Caitlin is also passionate about working with children and adolescents, though her scope of practice has included working with individuals across all life stages. She specializes in treating a variety of mood disorders, trauma, stress-related disorders, ADHD, behavioral concerns, and adjustment disorders as well as family conflict.
Caitlin Merritt is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 6 years of experience working with clients of all ages. Caitlin is also passionate about working with children and adolescents, though her scope of practice has included working with individuals across all life stages. She specializes in treating a variety of mood disorders, trauma, stress-related disorders, ADHD, behavioral concerns, and adjustment disorders as well as family conflict.
(423) 406-6517 View (423) 406-6517
Photo of Laura Susan Sikes, Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Laura Susan Sikes
Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC, MHSP, RPT
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37409
I am a clinical individual, couple and family therapist. Issues typically addressed in my practice include trauma, depression, anxiety, adjustment problems, emotional regulation, and relationship issues. I am certified in the use of EMDR, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. I have extensive training in Emotionally Focused Therapy for Couples (Completed Externship and all Core Skills trainings: Supervision and Certification in process). I am a Registered Play Therapist and work with children ages 3+.
I am a clinical individual, couple and family therapist. Issues typically addressed in my practice include trauma, depression, anxiety, adjustment problems, emotional regulation, and relationship issues. I am certified in the use of EMDR, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. I have extensive training in Emotionally Focused Therapy for Couples (Completed Externship and all Core Skills trainings: Supervision and Certification in process). I am a Registered Play Therapist and work with children ages 3+.
(423) 271-3353 View (423) 271-3353
Photo of Tori Ballard, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chattanooga, TN
Tori Ballard
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37405
Through the ups and downs of life, one thing remains a constant— you. I help my clients foster a relationship with themselves with a sense of curiosity, acceptance, and grace. Life can be tough and confusing, but you are strong and resilient. I want to walk alongside you, hear your story, and offer a safe space for expression and exploration. It is my belief that people make sense- the person who starves themselves, or isolates when sad, or can’t find relief from that nervous feeling in their stomach, all make sense. You are not alone. Let’s walk towards healing together.
Through the ups and downs of life, one thing remains a constant— you. I help my clients foster a relationship with themselves with a sense of curiosity, acceptance, and grace. Life can be tough and confusing, but you are strong and resilient. I want to walk alongside you, hear your story, and offer a safe space for expression and exploration. It is my belief that people make sense- the person who starves themselves, or isolates when sad, or can’t find relief from that nervous feeling in their stomach, all make sense. You are not alone. Let’s walk towards healing together.
(423) 205-6851 View (423) 205-6851
Photo of Lauren Elise Peterson in Chattanooga, TN
Lauren Elise Peterson
MS, BC-DMT, RYT-200
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37409  (Online Only)
I work with adults who are seeking greater connection to their bodies and innate creativity. Adults seeking personal transformation will develop their intuition and enhance their connection to self and others through dance/movement therapy. Whether someone has never danced before or has a movement background, this work can help heal trauma, addiction, anxiety, depression, and disordered eating. Many clients wonder if this is doable in telehealth, and it is! We also use a great deal of talking, implementing coping skills, optional homework, and EMDR when appropriate.
I work with adults who are seeking greater connection to their bodies and innate creativity. Adults seeking personal transformation will develop their intuition and enhance their connection to self and others through dance/movement therapy. Whether someone has never danced before or has a movement background, this work can help heal trauma, addiction, anxiety, depression, and disordered eating. Many clients wonder if this is doable in telehealth, and it is! We also use a great deal of talking, implementing coping skills, optional homework, and EMDR when appropriate.
(423) 436-7839 View (423) 436-7839
Photo of Adam Barfoot, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Adam Barfoot
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MEd, MHSP
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37415
I enjoy helping my clients build resilience, hope, and courage in their lives. I work with adults and teenagers who are seeking to improve their responses to stress, anxiety, and adversity. My specialties include helping people improve their emotional intelligence, helping people strengthen their recovery from addiction, and working with athletes who are looking to improve their mental health. Improving our mental health directly affects our performance, whether we are on the sports field, in the gym, at home, or our workplace.
I enjoy helping my clients build resilience, hope, and courage in their lives. I work with adults and teenagers who are seeking to improve their responses to stress, anxiety, and adversity. My specialties include helping people improve their emotional intelligence, helping people strengthen their recovery from addiction, and working with athletes who are looking to improve their mental health. Improving our mental health directly affects our performance, whether we are on the sports field, in the gym, at home, or our workplace.
(423) 589-1675 View (423) 589-1675
Photo of Machelle Johnson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Machelle Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37421
"People Start To Heal The Moment They Are Heard." - Cheryl Richardson. The chapters of your past do not have to dictate who you want to be. Recovery is determined by choosing not to stay where you are. It's my desire to help you start writing the next chapters of your life. I find joy when others find hope.
"People Start To Heal The Moment They Are Heard." - Cheryl Richardson. The chapters of your past do not have to dictate who you want to be. Recovery is determined by choosing not to stay where you are. It's my desire to help you start writing the next chapters of your life. I find joy when others find hope.
(423) 454-1200 View (423) 454-1200
Photo of David G Miller, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
David G Miller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MEd, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37404
If you have lost your path or feel stuck, and long for hope, healing, resilience, and growth, it would be my privilege to move forward with you. I work with teens, adults of all ages, couples, parents, teachers, veterans, church leaders, etc. As a Christian I am able to sit with compassion with all people, however they view life, whatever the faith, and those with no faith. Faith-based, christian, and/or biblical counseling are available on request. Help available in marriage, parenting, infidelity recovery, anxiety, depression, anger, grief, childhood and adult traumas and PTSD, sexual and substance addictions, faith issues.
If you have lost your path or feel stuck, and long for hope, healing, resilience, and growth, it would be my privilege to move forward with you. I work with teens, adults of all ages, couples, parents, teachers, veterans, church leaders, etc. As a Christian I am able to sit with compassion with all people, however they view life, whatever the faith, and those with no faith. Faith-based, christian, and/or biblical counseling are available on request. Help available in marriage, parenting, infidelity recovery, anxiety, depression, anger, grief, childhood and adult traumas and PTSD, sexual and substance addictions, faith issues.
(423) 436-5881 View (423) 436-5881
Photo of Je'taylor (Jeremy) Coylewright, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chattanooga, TN
Je'taylor (Jeremy) Coylewright
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSEd, JD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
I enjoy working with clients of all ages to build safer relationships. This is a place to learn how to communicate well and gain strength through self-care as well as stronger family and community connections. I am also LGBTQ+ identified and celebratory and enjoy supporting individual and family journeys toward greater understanding of sexual and gender identities. I partner to facilitate safer and more joyful spaces with Transgender and Gender Expansive folks (because we deserve it) and am excited to support open, polyamorous, ethically non-monogamous and other multiculturally diverse relationship and identity spaces.
I enjoy working with clients of all ages to build safer relationships. This is a place to learn how to communicate well and gain strength through self-care as well as stronger family and community connections. I am also LGBTQ+ identified and celebratory and enjoy supporting individual and family journeys toward greater understanding of sexual and gender identities. I partner to facilitate safer and more joyful spaces with Transgender and Gender Expansive folks (because we deserve it) and am excited to support open, polyamorous, ethically non-monogamous and other multiculturally diverse relationship and identity spaces.
(423) 515-6905 View (423) 515-6905
Photo of Martha Law, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chattanooga, TN
Martha Law
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37405
My passion is helping clients find what works for them. My heart is focused on helping people with substance use issues, self-esteem, and all kinds of relationships. Do you ever find yourself feeling stuck in these areas or desiring some kind of change? I would love to help guide you to find alternatives and perspective shifts that can help you tackle your problems with increased confidence and curiosity.
My passion is helping clients find what works for them. My heart is focused on helping people with substance use issues, self-esteem, and all kinds of relationships. Do you ever find yourself feeling stuck in these areas or desiring some kind of change? I would love to help guide you to find alternatives and perspective shifts that can help you tackle your problems with increased confidence and curiosity.
(423) 205-6884 View (423) 205-6884
Photo of DERONEASHA Smartt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
DERONEASHA Smartt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37404  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome to the start of this therapy journey. If you are someone who has struggled with anxiety, depression, motivation, family issues, friendships or general relationship struggles then I may be a good therapist for you. Are you contemplating your next steps in life, struggling with career decisions and feel that you are stuck? Do you find it difficult to deal with your past and find yourself fearful of your future?
Hello and welcome to the start of this therapy journey. If you are someone who has struggled with anxiety, depression, motivation, family issues, friendships or general relationship struggles then I may be a good therapist for you. Are you contemplating your next steps in life, struggling with career decisions and feel that you are stuck? Do you find it difficult to deal with your past and find yourself fearful of your future?
(423) 205-7638 View (423) 205-7638
Photo of Julie L Brown, Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Julie L Brown
Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37405
Not accepting new clients
I enjoy working with clients to clear past trauma or current blocks and assimilate the gifts that they discover within the process of unlocking habitual patterns and rejecting internal lies. I use mindful practice to support clients as they learn to become less judgmental of themselves and others and more compassionate. I believe that within this spaciousness we are able to open up into more of our true selves so that we have more insight and a broader view of our experiences. I see this as a creative, healing process.
I enjoy working with clients to clear past trauma or current blocks and assimilate the gifts that they discover within the process of unlocking habitual patterns and rejecting internal lies. I use mindful practice to support clients as they learn to become less judgmental of themselves and others and more compassionate. I believe that within this spaciousness we are able to open up into more of our true selves so that we have more insight and a broader view of our experiences. I see this as a creative, healing process.
(423) 465-4560 View (423) 465-4560
Photo of Elizabeth Parker, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Elizabeth Parker
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37419
Life is hard. Maybe you're in a difficult season right now or maybe it feels more like it's been a difficult few years. Maybe you're carrying pain from an abusive childhood, traumatic experience, or gut-wrenching loss. Maybe your relationship status changed. Maybe life doesn't look like what you thought it would by now. Maybe you're not even sure what exactly you're hoping to find, but you don't think life is supposed to feel this way. For whatever reason you find yourself on my page today, it would be an honor to listen and hold a safe space for your hard things. Life will be hard, but seasons change. Hope and healing is possible.
Life is hard. Maybe you're in a difficult season right now or maybe it feels more like it's been a difficult few years. Maybe you're carrying pain from an abusive childhood, traumatic experience, or gut-wrenching loss. Maybe your relationship status changed. Maybe life doesn't look like what you thought it would by now. Maybe you're not even sure what exactly you're hoping to find, but you don't think life is supposed to feel this way. For whatever reason you find yourself on my page today, it would be an honor to listen and hold a safe space for your hard things. Life will be hard, but seasons change. Hope and healing is possible.
(423) 376-9658 View (423) 376-9658
Photo of Danielle Phillips, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Danielle Phillips
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37404  (Online Only)
Danielle Phillips is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with 3 years of experience in the mental health field. She is passionate about helping individuals, adolescents, and parents overcome challenges and live happier lives. Danielle specializes in anxiety, stress, depression, coping skills, parenting issues, self-esteem, and women's issues.
Danielle Phillips is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with 3 years of experience in the mental health field. She is passionate about helping individuals, adolescents, and parents overcome challenges and live happier lives. Danielle specializes in anxiety, stress, depression, coping skills, parenting issues, self-esteem, and women's issues.
(423) 455-5239 View (423) 455-5239

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chattanooga, TN

400+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Chattanooga, TN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
76% Trauma and PTSD
75% Coping Skills
74% Stress

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Cigna and Evernorth
72% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chattanooga, TN see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chattanooga?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.