Therapists in Oakland, CA

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Photo of Jennifer Howard, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Jennifer Howard
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
My approach is grounded in Cognitive-Behavioral and Attachment Theories. I also incorporate the practices of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction and ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy). I aspire to meet clients where they are, and help each individual to work on his or her expressed goals. I enjoy taking this journey with clients to navigate some of their most difficult and challenging moments in life, to help prevent troubled kids or young adults from more serious trouble, and to help all clients who seek my support turn their life's biggest challenges into opportunities for growth and lasting change.
My approach is grounded in Cognitive-Behavioral and Attachment Theories. I also incorporate the practices of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction and ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy). I aspire to meet clients where they are, and help each individual to work on his or her expressed goals. I enjoy taking this journey with clients to navigate some of their most difficult and challenging moments in life, to help prevent troubled kids or young adults from more serious trouble, and to help all clients who seek my support turn their life's biggest challenges into opportunities for growth and lasting change.
(510) 878-6002 View (510) 878-6002
Photo of Stacy Smith, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Stacy Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602
I strongly believe that all of us are capable of connecting to an experience of profound well being, whatever the circumstances of our lives may be. My goal in therapy is to help you access that state within yourself. I aim to help you recognize and accept the many layers of your experience and to support you in acting skillfully and authentically in the world. My first priority is to create an atmosphere of safety and trust so that you are able to freely explore your challenges, concerns and desires. After we understand your difficulties, we can collaborate to create the desired change and growth.
I strongly believe that all of us are capable of connecting to an experience of profound well being, whatever the circumstances of our lives may be. My goal in therapy is to help you access that state within yourself. I aim to help you recognize and accept the many layers of your experience and to support you in acting skillfully and authentically in the world. My first priority is to create an atmosphere of safety and trust so that you are able to freely explore your challenges, concerns and desires. After we understand your difficulties, we can collaborate to create the desired change and growth.
(510) 500-9857 View (510) 500-9857
Photo of Lili Nakita Kroutilina, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Lili Nakita Kroutilina
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, MA, LMP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94606  (Online Only)
Are you feeling stuck or overwhelmed in your life? Lost your sense of self and confidence? Confused by how to set boundaries and build healthy relationships? I am here for you! I can help you understand what is happening in your life and how you can heal, grow, and transform to be living the life you want. I have a trauma-informed, integrative style based on mindfulness, somatic psychology, ecotherapy, expressive arts, humanistic and transpersonal psychology, neuroscience, spirituality, and my background in holistic health, nutrition, massage, and fitness. I have a gentle yet directive, relational style.
Are you feeling stuck or overwhelmed in your life? Lost your sense of self and confidence? Confused by how to set boundaries and build healthy relationships? I am here for you! I can help you understand what is happening in your life and how you can heal, grow, and transform to be living the life you want. I have a trauma-informed, integrative style based on mindfulness, somatic psychology, ecotherapy, expressive arts, humanistic and transpersonal psychology, neuroscience, spirituality, and my background in holistic health, nutrition, massage, and fitness. I have a gentle yet directive, relational style.
(925) 900-5373 View (925) 900-5373
Photo of Madison Oie, Pre-Licensed Professional in Oakland, CA
Madison Oie
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
What is "trauma"? Trauma shows up in many ways - it could be a feeling a distance from your life, perpetual anxiety or depression, moments of ‘trigger’ where you can’t control your behavior, or coping mechanisms that are hurting more than helping. We can heal your nervous system, taking it out of fight/flight and into it’s "window of tolerance" where you can not just survive, but thrive.
What is "trauma"? Trauma shows up in many ways - it could be a feeling a distance from your life, perpetual anxiety or depression, moments of ‘trigger’ where you can’t control your behavior, or coping mechanisms that are hurting more than helping. We can heal your nervous system, taking it out of fight/flight and into it’s "window of tolerance" where you can not just survive, but thrive.
(510) 241-4527 View (510) 241-4527
Photo of Dr. Elizabeth Schenk, Consultation, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Dr. Elizabeth Schenk, Consultation
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94606  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Unresolved childhood issues provide recurring challenges in adulthood and may show up in the form of sadness, worry, relationship problems, substance abuse or poor self-esteem. For adults abused as children, complex trauma may leave one with panic, obsessive thoughts, self-harming behaviors, or mood disorders. Sometimes individuals are given many diagnoses and medications and end up in therapies that do not resolve their underlying issue. Dissociative processes go unrecognized in many therapies, resulting in treatment that may not resolve the underlying problem, leaving one symptomatic. In my professional experience most individuals change and grow through a successful therapeutic encounter.
Unresolved childhood issues provide recurring challenges in adulthood and may show up in the form of sadness, worry, relationship problems, substance abuse or poor self-esteem. For adults abused as children, complex trauma may leave one with panic, obsessive thoughts, self-harming behaviors, or mood disorders. Sometimes individuals are given many diagnoses and medications and end up in therapies that do not resolve their underlying issue. Dissociative processes go unrecognized in many therapies, resulting in treatment that may not resolve the underlying problem, leaving one symptomatic. In my professional experience most individuals change and grow through a successful therapeutic encounter.
(925) 290-7886 View (925) 290-7886
Photo of Eva Lyons, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Eva Lyons
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
I believe that our minds and hearts, like our bodies, possess an innate wisdom and ability to heal, given the right environment and structure. Sometimes we get stuck in old patterns and beliefs that helped us in the circumstances we learned them in, but need to be updated in order to allow us to fully embody our best, most authentic and empowered selves. Therapy can assist us in learning more about what automatic programs our system is running, and give us the tools to make these changes.
I believe that our minds and hearts, like our bodies, possess an innate wisdom and ability to heal, given the right environment and structure. Sometimes we get stuck in old patterns and beliefs that helped us in the circumstances we learned them in, but need to be updated in order to allow us to fully embody our best, most authentic and empowered selves. Therapy can assist us in learning more about what automatic programs our system is running, and give us the tools to make these changes.
(510) 592-5714 View (510) 592-5714
Photo of Cortney Beasley, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Cortney Beasley
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with people who want support as they engage in self-exploration and attempt to make sense of the complexity and intersections of their identities, including race and ethnicity, spirituality, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status. I also believe that it is important for the people I work with to approach therapy as more than a culmination of sessions, but as part of a lifestyle and commitment to take time and space to prioritize one’s health. Additionally, I understand the power of self-study and that my role as a psychologist is to provide guidance and reminders as people connect with themselves and others.
I enjoy working with people who want support as they engage in self-exploration and attempt to make sense of the complexity and intersections of their identities, including race and ethnicity, spirituality, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status. I also believe that it is important for the people I work with to approach therapy as more than a culmination of sessions, but as part of a lifestyle and commitment to take time and space to prioritize one’s health. Additionally, I understand the power of self-study and that my role as a psychologist is to provide guidance and reminders as people connect with themselves and others.
(510) 390-8784 View (510) 390-8784
Photo of Siobhan Sheil, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Siobhan Sheil
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
As a licensed clinical social worker, I have treated children from ages 3-18 with a range of concerns, from anxiety, ADHD, Autism, depression, learning disabilities, TBI, and much more.
As a licensed clinical social worker, I have treated children from ages 3-18 with a range of concerns, from anxiety, ADHD, Autism, depression, learning disabilities, TBI, and much more.
(925) 420-8088 View (925) 420-8088
Photo of Sarah Wolfarth-Davis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Sarah Wolfarth-Davis
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Taking the necessary steps towards mental, emotional, spiritual and physical well-being is not an easy task, and does not have to be done alone. My commitment is assisting and supporting you in finding the unique tool you need to move towards long term healing. My focus is on mind, body and spirit as we work together. I respect the unique and intricate experiences and identities you bring into the therapeutic relationship.
Taking the necessary steps towards mental, emotional, spiritual and physical well-being is not an easy task, and does not have to be done alone. My commitment is assisting and supporting you in finding the unique tool you need to move towards long term healing. My focus is on mind, body and spirit as we work together. I respect the unique and intricate experiences and identities you bring into the therapeutic relationship.
(951) 463-4863 View (951) 463-4863
Photo of Danielle Marie Lefevre, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Danielle Marie Lefevre
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94619
I believe therapy plays an integral role in personal growth and healing, and the relationship between client and therapist is an important part of the journey. I have provided therapy to teens and adults throughout the past decade using an individualized and supportive approach. I understand that each person has different strengths, needs, and a unique story. I strive to create an environment that is safe, nonjudgmental, and compassionate. I believe in people’s ability to grow and transform when given access to the support and tools they need.
I believe therapy plays an integral role in personal growth and healing, and the relationship between client and therapist is an important part of the journey. I have provided therapy to teens and adults throughout the past decade using an individualized and supportive approach. I understand that each person has different strengths, needs, and a unique story. I strive to create an environment that is safe, nonjudgmental, and compassionate. I believe in people’s ability to grow and transform when given access to the support and tools they need.
(510) 901-5074 View (510) 901-5074
Photo of Bedford Palmer, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Bedford Palmer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
16 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I work with a diverse clientele and specialize in providing social justice oriented psychotherapy to Black people and other POC, as well as members of LGBTQIA+ communities. I provide culturally responsive therapy, which focuses on the strengths you already have. I tend to use a cognitive-behavioral theoretical approach (CBT), while also paying attention to your environment and access to social support. I work with you to build a safe space where you can share your experiences without the fear of being judged, and where you can focus on becoming clear about what you want, and how you want to go about making that happen.
I work with a diverse clientele and specialize in providing social justice oriented psychotherapy to Black people and other POC, as well as members of LGBTQIA+ communities. I provide culturally responsive therapy, which focuses on the strengths you already have. I tend to use a cognitive-behavioral theoretical approach (CBT), while also paying attention to your environment and access to social support. I work with you to build a safe space where you can share your experiences without the fear of being judged, and where you can focus on becoming clear about what you want, and how you want to go about making that happen.
(510) 298-3362 View (510) 298-3362
Photo of Sarwang Parikh, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Sarwang Parikh
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609
I support my clients to cultivate awareness and capacity to unwind from unhealthy thought and behavior patterns. I do this by drawing on their innate strengths and resilience. Collaboratively we learn to navigate challenging emotions and life transitions to rediscover aliveness, power, joy, purpose, care and a sense of connection. I bring dynamic qualities including curiosity, creativity and warmth into sessions for growth towards wholeness. My approach is guided by mindful awareness, honest inquiry and deep compassion. I am grounded in social justice, recognizing how social-historical factors impact well-being. I believe healing is a journey towards liberation.
I support my clients to cultivate awareness and capacity to unwind from unhealthy thought and behavior patterns. I do this by drawing on their innate strengths and resilience. Collaboratively we learn to navigate challenging emotions and life transitions to rediscover aliveness, power, joy, purpose, care and a sense of connection. I bring dynamic qualities including curiosity, creativity and warmth into sessions for growth towards wholeness. My approach is guided by mindful awareness, honest inquiry and deep compassion. I am grounded in social justice, recognizing how social-historical factors impact well-being. I believe healing is a journey towards liberation.
(510) 944-1657 View (510) 944-1657
Photo of Dr. Skyellen Kulanu, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Dr. Skyellen Kulanu
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
I provide compassionate and collaborative psychotherapy with a focus on adults. I enjoy working with individuals and couples. I am trained in a range of treatment modalities and flexible in the approach I take with clients. Some treatment approaches I draw from are; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and A Psychobiological Approach to Couple Therapy (PACT). I work through a feminist and social justice lens and approach therapy with curiosity and a healthy dose of humor. My goal in providing psychotherapy is to facilitate you in living a meaningful life in alignment with your values.
I provide compassionate and collaborative psychotherapy with a focus on adults. I enjoy working with individuals and couples. I am trained in a range of treatment modalities and flexible in the approach I take with clients. Some treatment approaches I draw from are; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and A Psychobiological Approach to Couple Therapy (PACT). I work through a feminist and social justice lens and approach therapy with curiosity and a healthy dose of humor. My goal in providing psychotherapy is to facilitate you in living a meaningful life in alignment with your values.
(510) 738-2953 View (510) 738-2953
Photo of Aden Neumeister, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Aden Neumeister
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94619
You may be here because you have tried many methods of healing but find that there are places that you have not yet been able to reach. Perhaps these are places of complex grief, trauma or gender and sexuality. You may have tried psychedelics or other consciousness expanding methods and want help integrating your experiences, or are looking to try Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP) to help with your healing. All of these things are my specialties and passions.
You may be here because you have tried many methods of healing but find that there are places that you have not yet been able to reach. Perhaps these are places of complex grief, trauma or gender and sexuality. You may have tried psychedelics or other consciousness expanding methods and want help integrating your experiences, or are looking to try Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP) to help with your healing. All of these things are my specialties and passions.
(510) 240-5968 View (510) 240-5968
Photo of Dina Altshuler, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Dina Altshuler
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
I know that coming to therapy can be challenging and I am committed to creating a warm, empathic, and safe space for our time together. I tailor the treatment to meet your individual needs and goals. My priority is to meet you where you are in order to help you on your journey to a more authentic and fulfilling life. I have an integrative style, drawing on psychodynamic, systems, and attachment theories which allows us to look at the root of issues that you may be struggling with. I also draw on cognitive behavioral techniques, mindfulness and meditation practices to help deal with symptoms by improving coping and self-care.
I know that coming to therapy can be challenging and I am committed to creating a warm, empathic, and safe space for our time together. I tailor the treatment to meet your individual needs and goals. My priority is to meet you where you are in order to help you on your journey to a more authentic and fulfilling life. I have an integrative style, drawing on psychodynamic, systems, and attachment theories which allows us to look at the root of issues that you may be struggling with. I also draw on cognitive behavioral techniques, mindfulness and meditation practices to help deal with symptoms by improving coping and self-care.
(510) 756-4517 View (510) 756-4517
Photo of Alex Rossman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Alex Rossman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602  (Online Only)
I have been a therapist for over 25 years.  I work with individual, however, I specialize with couples and families. Issues are a part of life, however, they don’t have to run our life. Being proactive rather than reactive is an important aspect in empowering ourselves to look at things that feel so scary.  Our fears can magnify the reality of a situation to where we feel like we are about to climb Mt. Everest rather than going up a hill.
I have been a therapist for over 25 years.  I work with individual, however, I specialize with couples and families. Issues are a part of life, however, they don’t have to run our life. Being proactive rather than reactive is an important aspect in empowering ourselves to look at things that feel so scary.  Our fears can magnify the reality of a situation to where we feel like we are about to climb Mt. Everest rather than going up a hill.
(510) 726-6663 View (510) 726-6663
Photo of Erit Maor, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Erit Maor
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
I work with a diversity of individuals and couples, many of whom have felt “stuck” or disappointed with some aspect of their lives. I offer support around relationship issues, work/school challenges, major life transitions, loss/grief, as well as concerns around self-esteem and identity. Many of the people I work with find that they are also managing mood or anxiety symptoms.
I work with a diversity of individuals and couples, many of whom have felt “stuck” or disappointed with some aspect of their lives. I offer support around relationship issues, work/school challenges, major life transitions, loss/grief, as well as concerns around self-esteem and identity. Many of the people I work with find that they are also managing mood or anxiety symptoms.
(510) 738-3145 View (510) 738-3145
Photo of Julia Marino, Pre-Licensed Professional in Oakland, CA
Julia Marino
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
I have a passion for supporting clients through transformative periods of their lives. Some are seeking to heal from past traumas, move on from a relationship or career, or let go of old habits that are no longer serving them. Others are going through a profound, yet challenging, spiritual process. Though our work I will help you reinvent and step closer to your true self. I enjoy working with adults, teens and children. With my younger clients, I often employ arts-oriented methods.
I have a passion for supporting clients through transformative periods of their lives. Some are seeking to heal from past traumas, move on from a relationship or career, or let go of old habits that are no longer serving them. Others are going through a profound, yet challenging, spiritual process. Though our work I will help you reinvent and step closer to your true self. I enjoy working with adults, teens and children. With my younger clients, I often employ arts-oriented methods.
(510) 756-3415 View (510) 756-3415
Photo of Patricia Burke, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Patricia Burke
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94607  (Online Only)
In 30 years experience serving diverse population, I have developed compassioon for client issues. I invite you to bring your experiences and your pain. I work most effectively with clients open to alternative modalities, and who have a spiritual practice that opens into deeper realms. I believe the body holds secrets and trapped emotions which can cause physical pain. Body knows things conscious mind barely glimpses. Our work together will involved body, mind and soul. I can guide you into light or deep regression for insight and healing.
In 30 years experience serving diverse population, I have developed compassioon for client issues. I invite you to bring your experiences and your pain. I work most effectively with clients open to alternative modalities, and who have a spiritual practice that opens into deeper realms. I believe the body holds secrets and trapped emotions which can cause physical pain. Body knows things conscious mind barely glimpses. Our work together will involved body, mind and soul. I can guide you into light or deep regression for insight and healing.
(510) 876-4241 View (510) 876-4241
Photo of Melanie Ferrari, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Melanie Ferrari
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
I consider myself to be a neurospicy therapist, who is authentic and direct. My style is anchored in cognitive science, attachment theory, mindfulness, social justice, parts work, and somatic psychology. I value science equally with the domain of intuition and art, and I consider myself an especially huge nerd with evolutionary psychology. I'm queer and LGBTQIA+ aligned, and I'm fluent in polyamory and kink relationship dynamics.
I consider myself to be a neurospicy therapist, who is authentic and direct. My style is anchored in cognitive science, attachment theory, mindfulness, social justice, parts work, and somatic psychology. I value science equally with the domain of intuition and art, and I consider myself an especially huge nerd with evolutionary psychology. I'm queer and LGBTQIA+ aligned, and I'm fluent in polyamory and kink relationship dynamics.
(510) 826-5168 View (510) 826-5168

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

59% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.