Therapists in Austin, TX

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Photo of Pivot Psychology Austin, PLLC, Psychologist in Austin, TX
Pivot Psychology Austin, PLLC
Psychologist, PhD, LSSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78705
Whether you are going through a difficult life transition, dealing with stress at home or work, struggling with pervasive mental health concerns, or simply want to know yourself better- we can help you mindfully navigate challenges and develop new perspectives and coping methods. We believe in the power of feeling seen and understood. We strive to meet you just as you are. Our approach integrates evidence-based practices into person-centered, individualized care.
Whether you are going through a difficult life transition, dealing with stress at home or work, struggling with pervasive mental health concerns, or simply want to know yourself better- we can help you mindfully navigate challenges and develop new perspectives and coping methods. We believe in the power of feeling seen and understood. We strive to meet you just as you are. Our approach integrates evidence-based practices into person-centered, individualized care.
(512) 855-2377 View (512) 855-2377
Photo of Emily Bent, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Emily Bent
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78738
Are you overwhelmed with the challenges of life? Have you found yourself turning to drugs and alcohol to cope with these challenges? Has your relationship with food started to impact your life? Often, we turn to unhealthy ways of coping to deal with various obstacles. I want to help you take back the control that these challenges have taken away from you, so you can lead a more satisfying life. You have the power within to overcome these difficulties and my goal is to help you tap into your inner strength. I want to help you become the CEO of your life again.
Are you overwhelmed with the challenges of life? Have you found yourself turning to drugs and alcohol to cope with these challenges? Has your relationship with food started to impact your life? Often, we turn to unhealthy ways of coping to deal with various obstacles. I want to help you take back the control that these challenges have taken away from you, so you can lead a more satisfying life. You have the power within to overcome these difficulties and my goal is to help you tap into your inner strength. I want to help you become the CEO of your life again.
(512) 649-9098 View (512) 649-9098
Jennifer Simmons
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78727
Do you ever find yourself overeating when you’re hungry? Do you then try to diet to counteract how it made you feel by restricting food for a period of time? Are you struggling with your body image? Recovering from an eating disorder and body dysmorphia can be incredibly difficult, but it’s not impossible. Let me help you repair your relationship with food so you can get back to living a stress free life. My goal is to help make meal time a rewarding experience again.
Do you ever find yourself overeating when you’re hungry? Do you then try to diet to counteract how it made you feel by restricting food for a period of time? Are you struggling with your body image? Recovering from an eating disorder and body dysmorphia can be incredibly difficult, but it’s not impossible. Let me help you repair your relationship with food so you can get back to living a stress free life. My goal is to help make meal time a rewarding experience again.
(512) 549-8082 View (512) 549-8082
Photo of Debra Stonewall, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Debra Stonewall
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78705
My name is Debra Stonewall. I am a licensed Professional Counselor along with a Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor. I take a Person-Centered approach to therapy. I pride myself on helping my clients feel connected instead of evaluated. My specialties are anxiety, depression, mood disorders, personality disorders, marriage, and trauma. I also have extensive knowledge and understanding of the military community because my husband served 30 years in the military. I have been exposed to and lived through some of the unique problems military families and soldiers experience.
My name is Debra Stonewall. I am a licensed Professional Counselor along with a Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor. I take a Person-Centered approach to therapy. I pride myself on helping my clients feel connected instead of evaluated. My specialties are anxiety, depression, mood disorders, personality disorders, marriage, and trauma. I also have extensive knowledge and understanding of the military community because my husband served 30 years in the military. I have been exposed to and lived through some of the unique problems military families and soldiers experience.
(737) 258-9976 View (737) 258-9976
Photo of Christine Winston, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Christine Winston
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78704
With an eye toward your past but with feet firmly in the present, I help people make sense of what they've tried sort it out on your own. You may have asked, what else can I do for myself, for my relationship? Reaching out for help can be scary, but it can be a major step toward feeling more satisfied with you life.
With an eye toward your past but with feet firmly in the present, I help people make sense of what they've tried sort it out on your own. You may have asked, what else can I do for myself, for my relationship? Reaching out for help can be scary, but it can be a major step toward feeling more satisfied with you life.
(512) 649-0080 View (512) 649-0080
Photo of Asli Baykal, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Asli Baykal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78705
I am a psychotherapist and psychoanalyst experienced in working with older adolescents and adults suffering from depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship problems and struggles with family dynamics, mood disorders, substance abuse, college and life transition anxieties - and those helping family members with these problems. My style is warm, engaged and collaborative. While I draw on a range of therapeutic approaches, my orientation is primarily psychodynamic, which means I start with the assumption that the sources of distress can be complex and often outside our immediate awareness.
I am a psychotherapist and psychoanalyst experienced in working with older adolescents and adults suffering from depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship problems and struggles with family dynamics, mood disorders, substance abuse, college and life transition anxieties - and those helping family members with these problems. My style is warm, engaged and collaborative. While I draw on a range of therapeutic approaches, my orientation is primarily psychodynamic, which means I start with the assumption that the sources of distress can be complex and often outside our immediate awareness.
(617) 580-5291 View (617) 580-5291
Photo of Marianne S. Stout, Psychologist in Austin, TX
Marianne S. Stout
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78757
Would you consider yourself to be an anxious person? Do you suffer from panic disorder, social anxiety, chronic worry (GAD) or OCD? My name is Dr. Marianne Stout and I am a licensed psychologist specializing in the treatment of anxiety disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). I am a warm, empathic therapist and use heavily research supported Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy approaches. Please feel free to call or email me at the Anxiety Treatment Center of Austin to see if my approach would be a good fit for your needs.
Would you consider yourself to be an anxious person? Do you suffer from panic disorder, social anxiety, chronic worry (GAD) or OCD? My name is Dr. Marianne Stout and I am a licensed psychologist specializing in the treatment of anxiety disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). I am a warm, empathic therapist and use heavily research supported Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy approaches. Please feel free to call or email me at the Anxiety Treatment Center of Austin to see if my approach would be a good fit for your needs.
(512) 436-3225 View (512) 436-3225
Photo of Hunter Ward, Counselor in Austin, TX
Hunter Ward
Counselor, MS, LPC-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78756
I consider counseling a journey toward self-discovery, transformation, and authenticity that we will embark on together. Through these values we will discover the power within you to find a way forward to the life you desire. I will guide you through confusing issues, provide new perspectives, encourage you to exercise your strengths, and collaboratively find constructive and creative ways to move forward. The goal is to help you see the change you seek is already within you, recognizing and appreciating this core potential. This will allow you to experience yourself as more potent in your life and open possibilities in your future.
I consider counseling a journey toward self-discovery, transformation, and authenticity that we will embark on together. Through these values we will discover the power within you to find a way forward to the life you desire. I will guide you through confusing issues, provide new perspectives, encourage you to exercise your strengths, and collaboratively find constructive and creative ways to move forward. The goal is to help you see the change you seek is already within you, recognizing and appreciating this core potential. This will allow you to experience yourself as more potent in your life and open possibilities in your future.
(737) 345-3610 View (737) 345-3610
Photo of Conscious Grace Therapy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Conscious Grace Therapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78750
At Conscious Grace Therapy, I work with clients to explore their relationship to self and to develop a life that is a more authentic expression of who they are and how they actually experience the world. My clients often identify feeling so overwhelmed by expectations, responsibilities and challenging experiences that being honest with what they feel, need, desire or experience is often not a realistic option. Instead, they live in the tension of striving to be the person they need to be or are supposed to be.
At Conscious Grace Therapy, I work with clients to explore their relationship to self and to develop a life that is a more authentic expression of who they are and how they actually experience the world. My clients often identify feeling so overwhelmed by expectations, responsibilities and challenging experiences that being honest with what they feel, need, desire or experience is often not a realistic option. Instead, they live in the tension of striving to be the person they need to be or are supposed to be.
(512) 710-2124 View (512) 710-2124
Photo of Jeffrey H Carter, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Jeffrey H Carter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78759
Change is inevitable. So what happens when the consequences of the change are so negative they severely impact our lives? We sometimes feel stuck, unsure of what direction to proceed. In my practice, WalkinTalkinTherapy, I provide an avenue to address these changes by combining the simplicity of walking outdoors with talk therapy. Advocates of the combined approach say that being active during the session helps patients relax and open up - scientists have long known that a workout can temporarily boost serotonin levels and improve mood, the latest research shows that exercise can have a deeper and more lasting effect.
Change is inevitable. So what happens when the consequences of the change are so negative they severely impact our lives? We sometimes feel stuck, unsure of what direction to proceed. In my practice, WalkinTalkinTherapy, I provide an avenue to address these changes by combining the simplicity of walking outdoors with talk therapy. Advocates of the combined approach say that being active during the session helps patients relax and open up - scientists have long known that a workout can temporarily boost serotonin levels and improve mood, the latest research shows that exercise can have a deeper and more lasting effect.
(512) 548-8732 View (512) 548-8732
Photo of Charity Cortez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Charity Cortez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78746
Now accepting New Clients! - Openings Available for In-Person sessions at my central Austin office OR Online via video (telehealth) - flexible times, sliding fee range. - - - Providing psychotherapy for adults who want to dive deeper into their emotional world, connect more fully to themselves, develop more fulfilling relationships, and experience their values & actions in alignment. We will balance time focused on clearing up confusion & pain still lingering from unresolved hurtful earlier life experiences with time spent acknowledging the skills, resourcefulness, and determination that got you this far. Let's do this together!
Now accepting New Clients! - Openings Available for In-Person sessions at my central Austin office OR Online via video (telehealth) - flexible times, sliding fee range. - - - Providing psychotherapy for adults who want to dive deeper into their emotional world, connect more fully to themselves, develop more fulfilling relationships, and experience their values & actions in alignment. We will balance time focused on clearing up confusion & pain still lingering from unresolved hurtful earlier life experiences with time spent acknowledging the skills, resourcefulness, and determination that got you this far. Let's do this together!
(737) 520-4831 View (737) 520-4831
Photo of Gay Hunter, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Gay Hunter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78759
Gay Hunter is a Licensed Professional Counselor with 30 years of experience in the mental health field. She is passionate in partnering with adults to transform their lives. Gay specializes in anxiety, depression, and trauma. Gay completed her Master of Divinity at Texas Christian University in Fort Worth, Texas. She has been a single mother for 40 years with ample experience in child rearing and being supportive of adult children. Her life experiences coupled with her professional experience enable her to build a partnership that will help you transform your life.
Gay Hunter is a Licensed Professional Counselor with 30 years of experience in the mental health field. She is passionate in partnering with adults to transform their lives. Gay specializes in anxiety, depression, and trauma. Gay completed her Master of Divinity at Texas Christian University in Fort Worth, Texas. She has been a single mother for 40 years with ample experience in child rearing and being supportive of adult children. Her life experiences coupled with her professional experience enable her to build a partnership that will help you transform your life.
(512) 706-9935 View (512) 706-9935
Photo of Kennedy Lohr, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Austin, TX
Kennedy Lohr
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA, LPC-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78746
Welcome! I’m so happy you’re here. I believe therapy is a place where we find strength, resilience, and the guidance we need to flourish. My goal as a therapist is to create a safe space and help you navigate through whatever struggles you may be facing. I received my undergraduate degree in psychology with a focus in child development from Oklahoma State University in 2020 and my master’s degree in clinical mental health counseling from Marymount University in 2022. During my internship, I had the opportunity to work in private practice where I served kids, teens, young adults, families, and led groups.
Welcome! I’m so happy you’re here. I believe therapy is a place where we find strength, resilience, and the guidance we need to flourish. My goal as a therapist is to create a safe space and help you navigate through whatever struggles you may be facing. I received my undergraduate degree in psychology with a focus in child development from Oklahoma State University in 2020 and my master’s degree in clinical mental health counseling from Marymount University in 2022. During my internship, I had the opportunity to work in private practice where I served kids, teens, young adults, families, and led groups.
(512) 866-8839 View (512) 866-8839
Photo of Timothy J Zeddies, Psychologist in Austin, TX
Timothy J Zeddies
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78731
I maintain a full-time private practice in Austin specializing in sports psychology, mood and anxiety disorders, and psychological testing for adolescents and adults.
I maintain a full-time private practice in Austin specializing in sports psychology, mood and anxiety disorders, and psychological testing for adolescents and adults.
(512) 948-3352 View (512) 948-3352
Photo of Nina Beamish, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Nina Beamish
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78746
I am a Therapist and have been providing mental health services for 2 years in outpatient and in home settings. I see Individuals and I address ADHD, adjustment disorder, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and relationship challenges. I believe that the therapeutic journey is a self-discovery process to learn, reflect, and heal from past experiences that have impacted the way you relate to yourself and to the world around you. My goal as a therapist is to create an “untouchable” space where clients can unashamedly be who they are and share openly.
I am a Therapist and have been providing mental health services for 2 years in outpatient and in home settings. I see Individuals and I address ADHD, adjustment disorder, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and relationship challenges. I believe that the therapeutic journey is a self-discovery process to learn, reflect, and heal from past experiences that have impacted the way you relate to yourself and to the world around you. My goal as a therapist is to create an “untouchable” space where clients can unashamedly be who they are and share openly.
(512) 881-7943 View (512) 881-7943
Photo of Katelyn Wilkinson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Katelyn Wilkinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78701
Hello and welcome! As a therapist, I use a psychodynamic relational approach valuing the unique needs and desires of each client. I strive to foster a safe, nonjudgmental space for clients to share their own perspectives and emotions surrounding their past and present life experiences while also identifying, exploring, and challenging self-defeating beliefs. I strive to meet clients where they are in whatever season of life they are in. I also consider how multiple systems of oppression and structural inequalities impact my clients' wellbeing and the concerns they bring forth.
Hello and welcome! As a therapist, I use a psychodynamic relational approach valuing the unique needs and desires of each client. I strive to foster a safe, nonjudgmental space for clients to share their own perspectives and emotions surrounding their past and present life experiences while also identifying, exploring, and challenging self-defeating beliefs. I strive to meet clients where they are in whatever season of life they are in. I also consider how multiple systems of oppression and structural inequalities impact my clients' wellbeing and the concerns they bring forth.
(512) 714-3672 View (512) 714-3672
Photo of Candiss Williams, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Candiss Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78705  (Online Only)
I am a mulit-specialty provider seeing clients of all ages, with all types of concerns and problems. As a leading provider of counseling services, I take pride in offering the best therapeutic techniques and a comforting environment that allows you to express yourself. I am dedicated to serving the needs of my clients each and every day. I am dedicated to helping individuals achieve the growth they long for. I have extensive experience working as a school counselor, domestic abuse, substance abuse, and juvenile/adult criminal justice system with crisis intervention.
I am a mulit-specialty provider seeing clients of all ages, with all types of concerns and problems. As a leading provider of counseling services, I take pride in offering the best therapeutic techniques and a comforting environment that allows you to express yourself. I am dedicated to serving the needs of my clients each and every day. I am dedicated to helping individuals achieve the growth they long for. I have extensive experience working as a school counselor, domestic abuse, substance abuse, and juvenile/adult criminal justice system with crisis intervention.
(512) 883-6808 View (512) 883-6808
Photo of Robert McGarey in Austin, TX
Robert McGarey
MA
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78704
My goal is not to treat dysfunction or illness, but rather to promote your emotional and psychological health; help you develop effective communication skills; and encourage you to create a lifestyle that reinforces self-exploration and personal growth. I help you strengthen skills you already possess and develop new ones, so that you can take charge of your life and feel better about yourself. Whether your main concern is your career, relationships, personal growth or spiritual growth, I can help you take the steps that are necessary to start truly enjoying your life. Some evening and weekend appointments are available.
My goal is not to treat dysfunction or illness, but rather to promote your emotional and psychological health; help you develop effective communication skills; and encourage you to create a lifestyle that reinforces self-exploration and personal growth. I help you strengthen skills you already possess and develop new ones, so that you can take charge of your life and feel better about yourself. Whether your main concern is your career, relationships, personal growth or spiritual growth, I can help you take the steps that are necessary to start truly enjoying your life. Some evening and weekend appointments are available.
(512) 920-6314 View (512) 920-6314
Photo of Guy Jeff Powell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Guy Jeff Powell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78745
I am Guy "Jeff" Powell, Ph.D., a Licensed Professional Counselor who has been providing therapy to children, adolescents, adults, the elderly, and couples for 20-plus years. I have worked with people from all walks of life. I call myself the Blue-Collar-Therapist, because it is my belief, all people, regardless of their station in life, are worthy of unconditional positive regard and assistance with life's difficulties. I have years of experience providing therapy for individuals across the lifespan (children through the elderly).
I am Guy "Jeff" Powell, Ph.D., a Licensed Professional Counselor who has been providing therapy to children, adolescents, adults, the elderly, and couples for 20-plus years. I have worked with people from all walks of life. I call myself the Blue-Collar-Therapist, because it is my belief, all people, regardless of their station in life, are worthy of unconditional positive regard and assistance with life's difficulties. I have years of experience providing therapy for individuals across the lifespan (children through the elderly).
(512) 957-9867 View (512) 957-9867
Photo of Lirio Ohlson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Austin, TX
Lirio Ohlson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT , LPCC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78731  (Online Only)
I am passionate about helping couples craft deeply nourishing and caring relationships. In our meetings we learn the skills required for loving another person well: good communication, problem solving and repair. We explore what it means for each person to feel loved and cared for and work toward a dance that honors each members unique preferences. I also help couples have important conversations about crafting a mutually satisfying shared vision of what a meaningful life is as romantic partners, parents and community members. We work on healing from painful past ruptures such as infidelity, substance use and frequent fighting.
I am passionate about helping couples craft deeply nourishing and caring relationships. In our meetings we learn the skills required for loving another person well: good communication, problem solving and repair. We explore what it means for each person to feel loved and cared for and work toward a dance that honors each members unique preferences. I also help couples have important conversations about crafting a mutually satisfying shared vision of what a meaningful life is as romantic partners, parents and community members. We work on healing from painful past ruptures such as infidelity, substance use and frequent fighting.
(512) 856-9706 View (512) 856-9706

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Austin, TX

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Austin, TX who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
64% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Austin, TX see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Austin?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.