Solution Focused Brief (SFBT) Therapists in Louisville, KY

Photo of Cadence Gazo, Art Therapist in Louisville, KY
Cadence Gazo
Art Therapist, MEd, LPATA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40205
I am Cadence Gazo, a Licensed Professional Art Therapist Associate and Trained EMDR Therapist dedicated to guiding and supporting people of all ages on their journey toward healing. I believe in the healing power of creative expression and a holistic approach. It can be difficult to put words to our visual experiences and emotions, especially when trauma has occurred. Expressive Therapies and EMDR can help us to connect these and bring fragmented parts of ourselves together. My goal is to facilitate a space in which you can process the difficulties of life, strengthen resiliency skills, overcome and heal from trauma, and thrive.
I am Cadence Gazo, a Licensed Professional Art Therapist Associate and Trained EMDR Therapist dedicated to guiding and supporting people of all ages on their journey toward healing. I believe in the healing power of creative expression and a holistic approach. It can be difficult to put words to our visual experiences and emotions, especially when trauma has occurred. Expressive Therapies and EMDR can help us to connect these and bring fragmented parts of ourselves together. My goal is to facilitate a space in which you can process the difficulties of life, strengthen resiliency skills, overcome and heal from trauma, and thrive.
(502) 236-5517 View (502) 236-5517
Photo of Tori B. Simmons, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Louisville, KY
Tori B. Simmons
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MFTA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40243  (Online Only)
I believe in a solution focused and narrative approach to therapy.
Life presents difficulties that can make you feel challenged and defeated. Making the decision to seek therapeutic healing proves that you have courage and hope. Together, we can discover ways to cope through a multitude of circumstances. Some of those struggles may be marital and family issues, anxiety, depression, grief or self-esteem barriers. A different approach to your problems are possible and you can construct a new narrative.
I believe in a solution focused and narrative approach to therapy.
Life presents difficulties that can make you feel challenged and defeated. Making the decision to seek therapeutic healing proves that you have courage and hope. Together, we can discover ways to cope through a multitude of circumstances. Some of those struggles may be marital and family issues, anxiety, depression, grief or self-esteem barriers. A different approach to your problems are possible and you can construct a new narrative.
(502) 251-8559 View (502) 251-8559
Photo of Sonny Hatfield, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Sonny Hatfield
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40205
I specialize in brief solution focused cognitive behavioral therapy with a trauma informed context.
Change can be frightening and growth that results from changes in our life or sadly a crisis can be challenging or debilitating. Relationships at home and work maybe urging you to make changes. Perhaps you’ve found that everything has changed, moved on or away and that has caused a crisis, pain or an imbalance in your life. What you’ve used to cope with in the past to manage sorrow, dispair, stress, anxiety, grief or the unfinished business in your life your work and relationships may not be working for you any longer. Life is urging you to do things differently and make those changes that this process can help and heal.
I specialize in brief solution focused cognitive behavioral therapy with a trauma informed context.
Change can be frightening and growth that results from changes in our life or sadly a crisis can be challenging or debilitating. Relationships at home and work maybe urging you to make changes. Perhaps you’ve found that everything has changed, moved on or away and that has caused a crisis, pain or an imbalance in your life. What you’ve used to cope with in the past to manage sorrow, dispair, stress, anxiety, grief or the unfinished business in your life your work and relationships may not be working for you any longer. Life is urging you to do things differently and make those changes that this process can help and heal.
(502) 325-3664 View (502) 325-3664
Photo of Barbara E Motley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Barbara E Motley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40205
My approach is person and trauma-centered, multi-modal, pulling predominantly from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), and Solution Focused.
Feeling adrift, like you are treading water? Let me provide a safe harbor. I am a therapist who takes a holistic approach to assist each person in identifying solutions to their issues. I have a wide scope experience: I’ve spent much of my therapy career with adults in crisis, serious mental illness, depression, anxiety, grief, life transitions and substance/alcohol abuse.
My approach is person and trauma-centered, multi-modal, pulling predominantly from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), and Solution Focused.
Feeling adrift, like you are treading water? Let me provide a safe harbor. I am a therapist who takes a holistic approach to assist each person in identifying solutions to their issues. I have a wide scope experience: I’ve spent much of my therapy career with adults in crisis, serious mental illness, depression, anxiety, grief, life transitions and substance/alcohol abuse.
(502) 532-2718 View (502) 532-2718
Photo of Psychotherapy at Hagan Health, Marriage & Family Therapist in Louisville, KY
Psychotherapy at Hagan Health
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCSW, LMFT
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40207
Welcome to Empowering Encounters—the psychotherapy department at Hagan Health! We have a team of excellent mental health providers who see a wide variety of diagnoses and issues. Our therapists, Colleen, Vern, Suzy, Sheana, & Ervina are trained in a variety of backgrounds including social worker & marriage & family therapy. They are experienced in treating anxiety, depression, ADHD, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, PTSD, among other diagnosis. We offer individual, couple and family sessions.
Welcome to Empowering Encounters—the psychotherapy department at Hagan Health! We have a team of excellent mental health providers who see a wide variety of diagnoses and issues. Our therapists, Colleen, Vern, Suzy, Sheana, & Ervina are trained in a variety of backgrounds including social worker & marriage & family therapy. They are experienced in treating anxiety, depression, ADHD, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, PTSD, among other diagnosis. We offer individual, couple and family sessions.
(502) 547-9656 View (502) 547-9656
Photo of Alante' J Gaines, Counselor in Louisville, KY
Alante' J Gaines
Counselor, MA, LPCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40218
Hello! My name is Alante’ Gaines, born and raised in the west end of Louisville, Ky. I am a mom, a wife, a friend, a motivator, survivor, and thriver! God directed my path and led me to the University of the Cumberlands where I received my Masters in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Through my life & educational journey, I learned self-awareness, the immense depths of empathy, and most importantly how to be transparent and unbiased. I work with adults, adolescents, teens and families. In session, I support individual struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, postpartum depression and more. Whoever you are, you are safe with me.
Hello! My name is Alante’ Gaines, born and raised in the west end of Louisville, Ky. I am a mom, a wife, a friend, a motivator, survivor, and thriver! God directed my path and led me to the University of the Cumberlands where I received my Masters in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Through my life & educational journey, I learned self-awareness, the immense depths of empathy, and most importantly how to be transparent and unbiased. I work with adults, adolescents, teens and families. In session, I support individual struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, postpartum depression and more. Whoever you are, you are safe with me.
(502) 747-9164 View (502) 747-9164
Photo of Rachael Renshaw- Millennial Therapist, Counselor in Louisville, KY
Rachael Renshaw- Millennial Therapist
Counselor, BA, MEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40207
Waitlist for new clients
What part of your life is the source of feelings of depression, anxiety, perfectionism, shame, or relational issues? It can be difficult to develop self awareness in which we can distinguish the root cause of poor quality of life. I specialize in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy which is geared towards aiding clients in developing a self awareness of unhealthy thinking habits and behaviors and teaching thought stopping, mindfulness techniques, and replacement thoughts. I also utilize Dialectical Behavioral and Brief Solution Focused strategies, which aid clients in the most time efficient manner possible.
What part of your life is the source of feelings of depression, anxiety, perfectionism, shame, or relational issues? It can be difficult to develop self awareness in which we can distinguish the root cause of poor quality of life. I specialize in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy which is geared towards aiding clients in developing a self awareness of unhealthy thinking habits and behaviors and teaching thought stopping, mindfulness techniques, and replacement thoughts. I also utilize Dialectical Behavioral and Brief Solution Focused strategies, which aid clients in the most time efficient manner possible.
(859) 353-6796 View (859) 353-6796
Photo of Susan R Engler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Susan R Engler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40220
I have over 20 years experience working in the field of mental health. I love to treat all individuals but specialize in children, teens, and their families. If you are ready to make positive changes in your life, then I am ready to come along side of you and offer you my support and experience.
I have over 20 years experience working in the field of mental health. I love to treat all individuals but specialize in children, teens, and their families. If you are ready to make positive changes in your life, then I am ready to come along side of you and offer you my support and experience.
(502) 883-6613 View (502) 883-6613
Photo of Tessa A Stephens, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Tessa A Stephens
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40299
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who has worked with people of all ages and backgrounds. I work with people suffering from the symptoms of depression, anxiety, mood disorders, PTSD, poor self-esteem, grief and loss, family and relationship issues among other things. I have years of experience in working with school-aged children to address school issues and behavioral problems, including those diagnosed with ADHD. I especially enjoy working with neurodivergent clients, although everyone is welcome in my practice!
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who has worked with people of all ages and backgrounds. I work with people suffering from the symptoms of depression, anxiety, mood disorders, PTSD, poor self-esteem, grief and loss, family and relationship issues among other things. I have years of experience in working with school-aged children to address school issues and behavioral problems, including those diagnosed with ADHD. I especially enjoy working with neurodivergent clients, although everyone is welcome in my practice!
(502) 206-0588 View (502) 206-0588
Photo of Anna Marie Bunch, Counselor in Louisville, KY
Anna Marie Bunch
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40223  (Online Only)
My therapy approach generally consists of a strong foundation of person-centered therapy and then utilizing other evidence-based approaches with the most common being Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Narrative Therapy, Strengths Based Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and Solution Focused Therapy.
I am licensed in Kentucky and Ohio with 11 years of professional work experience. I have around 9/10 years of experience working as a private practice clinician. Before this, I worked in a men's residential recovery program for several years during my education and for around 5 years after getting licensed. This was a wonderful experience for me and taught me so much about life and healing. In my private practice experience, I have worked in K-12 schools, in the office, and via telehealth. I have experience in helping clients with a wide variety of issues and circumstances.
My therapy approach generally consists of a strong foundation of person-centered therapy and then utilizing other evidence-based approaches with the most common being Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Narrative Therapy, Strengths Based Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and Solution Focused Therapy.
I am licensed in Kentucky and Ohio with 11 years of professional work experience. I have around 9/10 years of experience working as a private practice clinician. Before this, I worked in a men's residential recovery program for several years during my education and for around 5 years after getting licensed. This was a wonderful experience for me and taught me so much about life and healing. In my private practice experience, I have worked in K-12 schools, in the office, and via telehealth. I have experience in helping clients with a wide variety of issues and circumstances.
(502) 465-8823 View (502) 465-8823
Photo of William C Green, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
William C Green
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MDiv, LCSW, AAMFT
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40299
I also am trained in Solution focused Brief Therapy and Narrative Therapy for problem solutions.
Life can be stressful and throw us curves, from job to relationships to children to parent/elder care to grief and loss. Using the client's special/ unique skills, I work collaboratively to solve existing problems. With over 25 years of experience, I especially enjoy working with families and couples of all ages. I also work with Domestic Violence perpetrators and victims, with the goal of the perpetrator becoming a nonviolent, respectful partner and/or parent.
I also am trained in Solution focused Brief Therapy and Narrative Therapy for problem solutions.
Life can be stressful and throw us curves, from job to relationships to children to parent/elder care to grief and loss. Using the client's special/ unique skills, I work collaboratively to solve existing problems. With over 25 years of experience, I especially enjoy working with families and couples of all ages. I also work with Domestic Violence perpetrators and victims, with the goal of the perpetrator becoming a nonviolent, respectful partner and/or parent.
(502) 466-3161 View (502) 466-3161
Photo of Emily Bray O'Brien, Counselor in Louisville, KY
Emily Bray O'Brien
Counselor, MEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40207
Emily is trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) which facilitates the accessing and processing of traumatic memories and other negative life experiences to bring these to a more adaptive conclusion. Emily is also informed in Internal Family Systems (IFS), and utilizes CBT, Interpersonal, Motivational Interviewing techniques, Person-Centered, REBT, Solution-Focused, and Trauma-Focused therapy.
Emily is trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) which facilitates the accessing and processing of traumatic memories and other negative life experiences to bring these to a more adaptive conclusion. Emily is also informed in Internal Family Systems (IFS), and utilizes CBT, Interpersonal, Motivational Interviewing techniques, Person-Centered, REBT, Solution-Focused, and Trauma-Focused therapy.
(502) 804-2674 View (502) 804-2674
Photo of Jennifer Lanham, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Jennifer Lanham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40217
Healing work begins by providing a safe, non-judgmental space. As a collaborative relationship between client and therapist, effective treatment outcomes center on the client's sense of self-efficacy. My clinical approach and techniques include trauma-informed care, cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and solution-focused therapy. These methods and techniques provide a unique and innovative delivery for behavioral health care.
Healing work begins by providing a safe, non-judgmental space. As a collaborative relationship between client and therapist, effective treatment outcomes center on the client's sense of self-efficacy. My clinical approach and techniques include trauma-informed care, cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and solution-focused therapy. These methods and techniques provide a unique and innovative delivery for behavioral health care.
(502) 747-1693 View (502) 747-1693
Photo of Catherine Leigh Stone-Hahn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Catherine Leigh Stone-Hahn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40217
I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 10 years of experience working with a diverse range of clients. I use Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to help clients cope with a myriad of things, include chronic issues, as they both teach coping skills and aid in adapting to situations that are immutable. ACT helps clients learn how to cope with difficult emotions: once a client is able to process the idea that thoughts and feelings are affected by the events they experience, the people they meet and the environment they live in, they are better able to learn how to manage emotions.
I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 10 years of experience working with a diverse range of clients. I use Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to help clients cope with a myriad of things, include chronic issues, as they both teach coping skills and aid in adapting to situations that are immutable. ACT helps clients learn how to cope with difficult emotions: once a client is able to process the idea that thoughts and feelings are affected by the events they experience, the people they meet and the environment they live in, they are better able to learn how to manage emotions.
(502) 747-1397 View (502) 747-1397
Photo of Jenny Townsend, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Jenny Townsend, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40243
Some of my tools include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy techniques, Visualization, Inner guidance techniques, relaxation techniques, creative techniques, EMDR, body based therapy, Solution Focused Therapy and ego state work.
Hi! Currently I am only taking clients for intensive therapy and Induced After Death Communication. Induced After Death Communication can connect you to a lost loved one. With therapy intensives we will be collaborating to empower you to heal by finding the path back to yourself by setting aside longer chunks of time for therapy. Please go to my website (jennytownsendlcsw.com) to learn more about me and what I offer. I only have limited space here. :) The process of healing may be uncomfortable, but you are worth it! Please also check out the workshops I have to offer on my website under menu and upcoming events.
Some of my tools include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy techniques, Visualization, Inner guidance techniques, relaxation techniques, creative techniques, EMDR, body based therapy, Solution Focused Therapy and ego state work.
Hi! Currently I am only taking clients for intensive therapy and Induced After Death Communication. Induced After Death Communication can connect you to a lost loved one. With therapy intensives we will be collaborating to empower you to heal by finding the path back to yourself by setting aside longer chunks of time for therapy. Please go to my website (jennytownsendlcsw.com) to learn more about me and what I offer. I only have limited space here. :) The process of healing may be uncomfortable, but you are worth it! Please also check out the workshops I have to offer on my website under menu and upcoming events.
(502) 883-6591 View (502) 883-6591
Photo of Aster Counseling Services LLC, Counselor in Louisville, KY
Aster Counseling Services LLC
Counselor, EdS, LPCC-S, KY, LPC OK
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40243  (Online Only)
I also engage clients in cognitive behavioral therapy, talk therapy, person centered therapy, and solution focused approaches.
Are you a woman ages 18-65yrs ready to feel relief from mental, emotional, and physcial distress. Is keeping it all in is no longer working and you know its time to talk to someone. You might feel so heavy, anything you do, feels like running a marathon. Maybe your thoughts are racing so fast you have a difficult time focusing on one task. Your loved ones may think you have it all together but inside you are screaming for help. It may seem embarrassing but you know you cannot continue experiencing the overwhelming feeling of uneasiness. Let's work together to accomplish your goals.
I also engage clients in cognitive behavioral therapy, talk therapy, person centered therapy, and solution focused approaches.
Are you a woman ages 18-65yrs ready to feel relief from mental, emotional, and physcial distress. Is keeping it all in is no longer working and you know its time to talk to someone. You might feel so heavy, anything you do, feels like running a marathon. Maybe your thoughts are racing so fast you have a difficult time focusing on one task. Your loved ones may think you have it all together but inside you are screaming for help. It may seem embarrassing but you know you cannot continue experiencing the overwhelming feeling of uneasiness. Let's work together to accomplish your goals.
(502) 804-2409 View (502) 804-2409
Photo of Amani Empowerment Center LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Amani Empowerment Center LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40210  (Online Only)
Congratulations on taking such a brave first step! Whether you find yourself here desiring to heal from trauma, gain or regain control, or even seeking a way to integrate peace and tranquility into your life, I encourage you to take the next step. You made it this far and I would love the opportunity to partner with you on your journey. I will walk beside you using Strengths-Based, Trauma-Informed, Solution-Focused approaches along with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Mindfulness techniques empowering you to set your own pace, develop personal goals and learn coping skills to face, manage, and navigate life's challenges.
Congratulations on taking such a brave first step! Whether you find yourself here desiring to heal from trauma, gain or regain control, or even seeking a way to integrate peace and tranquility into your life, I encourage you to take the next step. You made it this far and I would love the opportunity to partner with you on your journey. I will walk beside you using Strengths-Based, Trauma-Informed, Solution-Focused approaches along with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Mindfulness techniques empowering you to set your own pace, develop personal goals and learn coping skills to face, manage, and navigate life's challenges.
(502) 822-6999 View (502) 822-6999
Photo of Derek Stegner, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Louisville, KY
Derek Stegner
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40222  (Online Only)
I have many years of experience working with early childhood trauma and severe, persistent mental illness, varying from ages of 5 years to 70+. My goal is to empower and advocate for positive change within you, as the individual, and the system as a whole. The place that we will create together is a safe and judgement free space. I work through an Existential foundation, to help those I work with seek meaning and purpose, with skills built from experience with Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, and Cognitive Behavior Therapy, all within the context of a trauma-informed approach.
I have many years of experience working with early childhood trauma and severe, persistent mental illness, varying from ages of 5 years to 70+. My goal is to empower and advocate for positive change within you, as the individual, and the system as a whole. The place that we will create together is a safe and judgement free space. I work through an Existential foundation, to help those I work with seek meaning and purpose, with skills built from experience with Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, and Cognitive Behavior Therapy, all within the context of a trauma-informed approach.
(502) 829-7564 View (502) 829-7564
Photo of Ebony Dixon, Counselor in Louisville, KY
Ebony Dixon
Counselor, LPCA
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40218
I am Ebony, a licensed professional counselor with a specialization in trauma recovery for children, families, and adults. My extensive experience has taught me the importance of approaching my work with compassion and empathy. I am deeply committed to helping families heal from their traumatic experiences and guiding them toward a path of resilience and improved well-being.
I am Ebony, a licensed professional counselor with a specialization in trauma recovery for children, families, and adults. My extensive experience has taught me the importance of approaching my work with compassion and empathy. I am deeply committed to helping families heal from their traumatic experiences and guiding them toward a path of resilience and improved well-being.
(502) 317-2180 View (502) 317-2180
Photo of Sarah Akers, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Louisville, KY
Sarah Akers
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40207
I am trained in Basic Technique of Neuro Emotional Technique that is a stress-reduction tool to past experiences and also informed in Solution Focused and CBT.
Imagine ordering a new recliner from a store. You are so excited when it arrives to your home. What they don't tell you is that they the people who delivered it will just drop it off and leave. What they also don't tell you is that on the side of the box it has a picture with two stick figures carrying the box together. You try to lift it and you simply can't. That's the same idea when we deal with our problems we go through in life. We try to "lift" them on our own, when simply can't. This is where I come in.
I am trained in Basic Technique of Neuro Emotional Technique that is a stress-reduction tool to past experiences and also informed in Solution Focused and CBT.
Imagine ordering a new recliner from a store. You are so excited when it arrives to your home. What they don't tell you is that they the people who delivered it will just drop it off and leave. What they also don't tell you is that on the side of the box it has a picture with two stick figures carrying the box together. You try to lift it and you simply can't. That's the same idea when we deal with our problems we go through in life. We try to "lift" them on our own, when simply can't. This is where I come in.
(502) 317-1692 View (502) 317-1692
Solution Focused Brief (SFBT) Therapists

How does solution-focused therapy work?

The treatment works by helping a client notice which behaviors and thoughts have positive results on their lives and building a plan around how to maximise these strengths. Practitioners of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) believe that individuals already have the experience, wisdom, and resilience to create change in their lives, but may need a guide to help them realise which changes to make and how to make them.

Is solution-focused brief therapy evidence-based?

Yes. Solution-focused brief therapy has been extensively studied, and researchers find strong evidence that it’s an effective treatment for many behavioral and psychological concerns. This may be due to the uplifting nature and practicality of the treatment, which allows patients to employ strategies to reach their goals that are incremental and achievable.

How long does solution-focused brief therapy last?

Solution-focused brief therapy, as the name implies, is brief. The timeline may vary from person to person, given the challenges they face and their situation in life, but treatment is typically complete within four to eight sessions. This therapy type is a pragmatic one: it’s concerned more with “how” problems can be addressed and improved than getting to the root of “why” they exist in the first place.

Is solution-focused brief therapy a type of cognitive behavioral therapy?

Solution-focused brief therapy is related to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)in that both are pragmatic approaches that deal less with gaining a full understanding of the cause of a mental health problem and more with creating plans for how to cope with these problems and improve an individual’s day-to-day life. They are distinct, however, in that SFBT emphasises building on strengths and resources, while CBT focuses on changing negative thoughts and behaviors.