Sleep or Insomnia Therapists in Columbus, OH

Photo of Allison Deatherage, Psychologist in Columbus, OH
Allison Deatherage
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43221
I have recieved specialized training in Prolonged Exposure Therapy and Cognitive Processing Therapy for PTSD, EMDR for complex trauma, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.
I provide diagnostic assessment and treatment for adult populations with a broad range of mental health disorders, specializing in the treatment of anxiety and trauma-related disorders. My goals for all patients are two-fold: 1) to help mitigate symptoms in the immediate using cognitive-behavioral strategies and 2) to help patients identify and overcome unhelpful behavioral and relational patterns for long-term symptom reduction and life enhancement.
I have recieved specialized training in Prolonged Exposure Therapy and Cognitive Processing Therapy for PTSD, EMDR for complex trauma, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.
I provide diagnostic assessment and treatment for adult populations with a broad range of mental health disorders, specializing in the treatment of anxiety and trauma-related disorders. My goals for all patients are two-fold: 1) to help mitigate symptoms in the immediate using cognitive-behavioral strategies and 2) to help patients identify and overcome unhelpful behavioral and relational patterns for long-term symptom reduction and life enhancement.
(380) 204-9371 View (380) 204-9371
Photo of Carolyn Fisher, Psychologist in Columbus, OH
Carolyn Fisher
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43220
Our mental health and physical health can be impacted by life’s stressors or competing priorities. Increased stress can lead to depression, anxiety, emotional eating, out-of-control eating and other problematic behaviors. Stress can impact sleep and chronic health conditions that you may be managing, and can lead to you feeling like you’ve lost touch of your values and leaving you feeling stuck in a pattern of failure. I am here to help you regain balance with your mental and physical health and reestablish your priorities. Reconnecting with your values will lead to long lasting change.
Our mental health and physical health can be impacted by life’s stressors or competing priorities. Increased stress can lead to depression, anxiety, emotional eating, out-of-control eating and other problematic behaviors. Stress can impact sleep and chronic health conditions that you may be managing, and can lead to you feeling like you’ve lost touch of your values and leaving you feeling stuck in a pattern of failure. I am here to help you regain balance with your mental and physical health and reestablish your priorities. Reconnecting with your values will lead to long lasting change.
(380) 207-1129 View (380) 207-1129
Photo of The Online Insomnia Center with Dr. Rosenblum, Psychologist in Columbus, OH
The Online Insomnia Center with Dr. Rosenblum
Psychologist, PsyD, DBSM
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43214  (Online Only)
At a leading teaching hospital, I serve as the Sleep Psychologist for a nationally recognized sleep disorders center and specialize in insomnia treatment, training healthcare professionals, and public education on sleep health.
Are you often battling fatigue, tossing and turning at night, or finding yourself waking up before your alarm? Perhaps you're a self-described night owl. Or maybe you're troubled by how your sleep—or lack thereof—is affecting your health, your mood, and your ability to navigate daily life. If any of this resonates with you, then it's time to explore a solution tailored specifically to your needs. Welcome, I'm Dr. Mark Rosenblum, a Sleep Psychologist with over 15 years of experience providing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I), the gold standard treatment for persistent insomnia, and the cornerstone of my practice.
At a leading teaching hospital, I serve as the Sleep Psychologist for a nationally recognized sleep disorders center and specialize in insomnia treatment, training healthcare professionals, and public education on sleep health.
Are you often battling fatigue, tossing and turning at night, or finding yourself waking up before your alarm? Perhaps you're a self-described night owl. Or maybe you're troubled by how your sleep—or lack thereof—is affecting your health, your mood, and your ability to navigate daily life. If any of this resonates with you, then it's time to explore a solution tailored specifically to your needs. Welcome, I'm Dr. Mark Rosenblum, a Sleep Psychologist with over 15 years of experience providing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I), the gold standard treatment for persistent insomnia, and the cornerstone of my practice.
(614) 963-2640 View (614) 963-2640
Photo of Charity Ritter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Charity Ritter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISWS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43215
Tired? Overwhelmed? Falling Apart? Worried God can't use you? Research has shown that ADHD is just as common in adult women as it is in young boys, but most women are misdiagnosed with depression, anxiety, or PMS. Less known characteristics of ADHD are, easily stressed, feeling you will never measure up, struggling to follow through, sleep trouble, relational conflict, emotional dysregulation, trouble remembering the moments in life that really matter, and many others. Maybe you don't have depression/anxiety/PMS. Maybe your brain works in a unique way that will thrive with a few changes to your thinking and your routine.
Tired? Overwhelmed? Falling Apart? Worried God can't use you? Research has shown that ADHD is just as common in adult women as it is in young boys, but most women are misdiagnosed with depression, anxiety, or PMS. Less known characteristics of ADHD are, easily stressed, feeling you will never measure up, struggling to follow through, sleep trouble, relational conflict, emotional dysregulation, trouble remembering the moments in life that really matter, and many others. Maybe you don't have depression/anxiety/PMS. Maybe your brain works in a unique way that will thrive with a few changes to your thinking and your routine.
(614) 541-8109 View (614) 541-8109
Photo of Chelsea Tobias, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Chelsea Tobias
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43220
If you or your loved one is struggling with eating, sleep, motivation, or schoolwork, these can be indicators that life is out of balance. These are common signs of depression, anxiety, eating disorders, or PTSD. Having a child who is struggling to keep afloat can feel overwhelming, and recovery may feel like an insurmountable task. I provide evidence-based treatment for children, adolescents and young adults using Family Based Treatment (FBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Intuitive Eating, and CPT. I am here to guide you through the stages of treatment towards recovery and improvement of your life and family functioning.
If you or your loved one is struggling with eating, sleep, motivation, or schoolwork, these can be indicators that life is out of balance. These are common signs of depression, anxiety, eating disorders, or PTSD. Having a child who is struggling to keep afloat can feel overwhelming, and recovery may feel like an insurmountable task. I provide evidence-based treatment for children, adolescents and young adults using Family Based Treatment (FBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Intuitive Eating, and CPT. I am here to guide you through the stages of treatment towards recovery and improvement of your life and family functioning.
(614) 368-0389 View (614) 368-0389
Photo of Deborah F Vaughan, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Columbus, OH
Deborah F Vaughan
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, CCTP-II
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43231  (Online Only)
Deciding to seek support through counseling takes courage, and the process of finding the right therapist can be intimidating. Building a trusting relationship with a therapist can take time and I understand how difficult it can be to be vulnerable. We will work together to find an approach best suited for your unique challenges and goals. I work with adults challenged by the impact of trauma, PTSD, suicide loss, grief, depression, anxiety, insomnia, and stress.
Deciding to seek support through counseling takes courage, and the process of finding the right therapist can be intimidating. Building a trusting relationship with a therapist can take time and I understand how difficult it can be to be vulnerable. We will work together to find an approach best suited for your unique challenges and goals. I work with adults challenged by the impact of trauma, PTSD, suicide loss, grief, depression, anxiety, insomnia, and stress.
(614) 468-3590 View (614) 468-3590
Photo of Summer Myers, Marriage & Family Therapist in Columbus, OH
Summer Myers
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, IMFT, ATR
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43215  (Online Only)
Anxious perfectionists go through perpetual guilt, shame, and self-punishment. No matter how hard you try, you're always falling short. It's exhausting, but you don't really know how to relax and probably don't sleep so well. Maybe you're first-generation, or the sibling who had to keep it together, or a grown-up "gifted and talented" kid. Anxious perfectionism may also show up as body tension, severe procrastination and indecision, and difficulty with boundaries and people-pleasing. Perfectionists don't do things perfectly—they feel like they ALWAYS have to do better. You may not even be sure if you can call yourself a good person.
Anxious perfectionists go through perpetual guilt, shame, and self-punishment. No matter how hard you try, you're always falling short. It's exhausting, but you don't really know how to relax and probably don't sleep so well. Maybe you're first-generation, or the sibling who had to keep it together, or a grown-up "gifted and talented" kid. Anxious perfectionism may also show up as body tension, severe procrastination and indecision, and difficulty with boundaries and people-pleasing. Perfectionists don't do things perfectly—they feel like they ALWAYS have to do better. You may not even be sure if you can call yourself a good person.
(614) 762-9199 View (614) 762-9199
Photo of Karl Bachman, Psychologist in Columbus, OH
Karl Bachman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43214
Karl Bachman earned his doctorate and master's degree from The Ohio State University and his bachelor's degree in Experimental-Physiological Psychology from Ohio Wesleyan University. He has provided services in settings including university (The Center for Integrated Medicine at Ohio State) and private practice. Besides cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy he has training in hypnosis, integrative therapy and EMDR. He provides services to adults and elderly as well as couples and families. His specialty areas include anxiety, depression, ADHD, weight loss/nutritional issues, chronic disease and sleep disorders.
Karl Bachman earned his doctorate and master's degree from The Ohio State University and his bachelor's degree in Experimental-Physiological Psychology from Ohio Wesleyan University. He has provided services in settings including university (The Center for Integrated Medicine at Ohio State) and private practice. Besides cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy he has training in hypnosis, integrative therapy and EMDR. He provides services to adults and elderly as well as couples and families. His specialty areas include anxiety, depression, ADHD, weight loss/nutritional issues, chronic disease and sleep disorders.
(380) 205-0697 View (380) 205-0697
Photo of Kristin Harris, Psychologist in Columbus, OH
Kristin Harris
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43210
I’ve also received specialized trainings in CBT for treating insomnia and chronic pain.
Do you look like you have it all together on the outside, but underneath are really struggling? Are you wrestling with anxiety and low self esteem? I specialize in working with people who identify as perfectionists & people pleasers as well as those wanting to heal from past traumas. As a therapist with 15 yrs of experience, I try my best to be relatable & down to earth, embrace real convos while using evidence-based practices. My passion lies in helping people live their best lives by breaking free from old programming. Come see me in my cozy office or from your own home via telehealth.
I’ve also received specialized trainings in CBT for treating insomnia and chronic pain.
Do you look like you have it all together on the outside, but underneath are really struggling? Are you wrestling with anxiety and low self esteem? I specialize in working with people who identify as perfectionists & people pleasers as well as those wanting to heal from past traumas. As a therapist with 15 yrs of experience, I try my best to be relatable & down to earth, embrace real convos while using evidence-based practices. My passion lies in helping people live their best lives by breaking free from old programming. Come see me in my cozy office or from your own home via telehealth.
(419) 912-6180 View (419) 912-6180
Photo of Counseling Center of Cincinnati, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Counseling Center of Cincinnati
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43210
Are you tired of suffering? We specialize in treating mood disorders, bad habits, relationship problems, insomnia, and grief. We use an empathetic. non-judgmental, and data driven approach to monitor progress. Our approach with families and relationships is to improve communication and empathy leading to more loving relationships. We are a teaching practice and are proud to offer lower fee options for people out of network.
Are you tired of suffering? We specialize in treating mood disorders, bad habits, relationship problems, insomnia, and grief. We use an empathetic. non-judgmental, and data driven approach to monitor progress. Our approach with families and relationships is to improve communication and empathy leading to more loving relationships. We are a teaching practice and are proud to offer lower fee options for people out of network.
(513) 434-1989 View (513) 434-1989
Photo of Collin Weekes, Counselor in Columbus, OH
Collin Weekes
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43219  (Online Only)
We offer treatment for depression, anxiety, insomnia, and PTSD using cutting-edge interventions.
I am a counselor, EMDR Therapist, Certified Forensic Mental Health Evaluator, and a proud graduate of Regent University where I earned a master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. I have a Master's in Clinical Psychology from Fielding Graduate University. My focus includes depression, anxiety, PTSD, OCD and I conduct Immigration Evaluations using an integrative approach to therapy that includes various treatment modalities based on your therapeutic and personal needs. Because of my service in ministry, I am uniquely positioned to offer spiritual counseling from a Christian perspective at your request.
We offer treatment for depression, anxiety, insomnia, and PTSD using cutting-edge interventions.
I am a counselor, EMDR Therapist, Certified Forensic Mental Health Evaluator, and a proud graduate of Regent University where I earned a master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. I have a Master's in Clinical Psychology from Fielding Graduate University. My focus includes depression, anxiety, PTSD, OCD and I conduct Immigration Evaluations using an integrative approach to therapy that includes various treatment modalities based on your therapeutic and personal needs. Because of my service in ministry, I am uniquely positioned to offer spiritual counseling from a Christian perspective at your request.
(380) 207-1462 View (380) 207-1462
Photo of Dan Button, Marriage & Family Therapist in Columbus, OH
Dan Button
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, IMFT
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43085  (Online Only)
I understand that you may be suffering from anxiety, stress, trauma, insomnia, or all of the above.
I’m a relationship therapist committed to helping couples and parents strengthen their relationships. I help correct habits that deter you from reaching your goals. You matter in your relationships. By working together, you can expect to grow in your self-understanding and empathy toward others.
I understand that you may be suffering from anxiety, stress, trauma, insomnia, or all of the above.
I’m a relationship therapist committed to helping couples and parents strengthen their relationships. I help correct habits that deter you from reaching your goals. You matter in your relationships. By working together, you can expect to grow in your self-understanding and empathy toward others.
(419) 506-5535 View (419) 506-5535
Photo of Ohio University Psychology and Social Work Clinic, Psychologist in Columbus, OH
Ohio University Psychology and Social Work Clinic
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43085
Waitlist for new clients
The PSWC offers weekly individual therapy for a broad range of behavioral health concerns and life stressors including depression, anxiety, phobias, disordered eating, trauma, OCD, chronic pain, personality disorders, self-harm, school refusal, poor sleep, bereavement, adjustment issues, ADHD, child conduct problems, and more.
The Ohio University Psychology and Social Work Clinic (PSWC) is here to help with comprehensive assessment and therapy services. The PSWC is a supportive, affirming outpatient mental health clinic that is primarily staffed by doctoral student therapists of the OU Clinical Psychology program under the supervision of licensed psychologists. We offer evidence-based outpatient individual, family, and group therapy. In addition, the PSWC is able to provide comprehensive psychological and neuropsychological assessments for concerns such ADHD, learning disabilities, dementia, and more.
The PSWC offers weekly individual therapy for a broad range of behavioral health concerns and life stressors including depression, anxiety, phobias, disordered eating, trauma, OCD, chronic pain, personality disorders, self-harm, school refusal, poor sleep, bereavement, adjustment issues, ADHD, child conduct problems, and more.
The Ohio University Psychology and Social Work Clinic (PSWC) is here to help with comprehensive assessment and therapy services. The PSWC is a supportive, affirming outpatient mental health clinic that is primarily staffed by doctoral student therapists of the OU Clinical Psychology program under the supervision of licensed psychologists. We offer evidence-based outpatient individual, family, and group therapy. In addition, the PSWC is able to provide comprehensive psychological and neuropsychological assessments for concerns such ADHD, learning disabilities, dementia, and more.
(740) 276-2811 View (740) 276-2811
Photo of Sarah Wearsch, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbus, OH
Sarah Wearsch
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LSW
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43230
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome and kudos to you for taking this step! I'm a dually licensed and seasoned therapist. If you are in Ohio and want to address any of the following, please reach out to me at your convenience! Abandonment, addiction, anger, anxiety, bereavement, betrayal, depression, DV, fearfulness, grief, hopelessness, isolation, loneliness, low self-esteem, mood swings, narcissistic or toxic relationships, negativity, neglect, nervousness, panic, perfectionism, post traumatic stress disorder, SA, self-sabotage, sexuality, sleep problems, social anxiety, social skills, stress, substance use, trauma, and/or unhealthy coping skills.
Welcome and kudos to you for taking this step! I'm a dually licensed and seasoned therapist. If you are in Ohio and want to address any of the following, please reach out to me at your convenience! Abandonment, addiction, anger, anxiety, bereavement, betrayal, depression, DV, fearfulness, grief, hopelessness, isolation, loneliness, low self-esteem, mood swings, narcissistic or toxic relationships, negativity, neglect, nervousness, panic, perfectionism, post traumatic stress disorder, SA, self-sabotage, sexuality, sleep problems, social anxiety, social skills, stress, substance use, trauma, and/or unhealthy coping skills.
(567) 343-0709 View (567) 343-0709
Photo of Jeremy D Kaufman, Psychologist in Columbus, OH
Jeremy D Kaufman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43206  (Online Only)
We want patients who are interested in well-researched treatment and who are open to telepsychology or video based therapy from the comfort and convenience of your home. You'll save time and gas money.
We want patients who are interested in well-researched treatment and who are open to telepsychology or video based therapy from the comfort and convenience of your home. You'll save time and gas money.
(740) 224-5690 View (740) 224-5690
Photo of Anissa Mahmood, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Columbus, OH
Anissa Mahmood
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43212  (Online Only)
Anissa Mahmood recognizes that in today’s rapidly changing world, it is more necessary than ever to prioritize personal wellness and build resiliency against life’s stressors. Anissa is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in the state of Ohio with over six years of experience working with children, adolescents, and adults seeking help for a variety of mental health and behavioral issues. She completed her Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from Bowling Green State University, graduating summa cum laude, and received her Master of Science in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Syracuse University.
Anissa Mahmood recognizes that in today’s rapidly changing world, it is more necessary than ever to prioritize personal wellness and build resiliency against life’s stressors. Anissa is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in the state of Ohio with over six years of experience working with children, adolescents, and adults seeking help for a variety of mental health and behavioral issues. She completed her Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from Bowling Green State University, graduating summa cum laude, and received her Master of Science in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Syracuse University.
(216) 279-3472 View (216) 279-3472
Photo of Still Rising Consultant LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Still Rising Consultant LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, LICDC, CHT
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43221
Still Rising Consultant LLC provides personalized care that focus on your needs in a warm and caring atmosphere. Our goal is to focus on you with your change process. We utilize attentive listening skills to hear what you want.
Still Rising Consultant LLC provides personalized care that focus on your needs in a warm and caring atmosphere. Our goal is to focus on you with your change process. We utilize attentive listening skills to hear what you want.
(614) 482-3834 View (614) 482-3834
Photo of Janaya Jackson, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Columbus, OH
Janaya Jackson
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43213
Janaya Jackson is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Ohio who has been practicing since 2017. Janaya offers clients the true desire to see/walk with people through their journey and discover their own strengths and ability to heal. Outside of work, Janaya enjoys online shopping, music (live music is her favorite), swimming, reading, and writing (she is working on her second book).
Janaya Jackson is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Ohio who has been practicing since 2017. Janaya offers clients the true desire to see/walk with people through their journey and discover their own strengths and ability to heal. Outside of work, Janaya enjoys online shopping, music (live music is her favorite), swimming, reading, and writing (she is working on her second book).
(614) 845-7329 View (614) 845-7329
Photo of Brian Piehl, Psychologist in Columbus, OH
Brian Piehl
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43221
Have you felt hopeless and as if things will not get better? Have you felt pressure and high expectations from family, friends, work, or society? Therapy can help identify sources of hope, give you strategies to cope with life’s difficulties, and assist you in striving toward your goals. I have extensive experience in addressing a wide array of concerns, including anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, suicidal ideation, self-harm behaviors, and other emotional challenges. My clients have shared that they appreciate my empathic, nonjudgmental, collaborative, and exploratory style.
Have you felt hopeless and as if things will not get better? Have you felt pressure and high expectations from family, friends, work, or society? Therapy can help identify sources of hope, give you strategies to cope with life’s difficulties, and assist you in striving toward your goals. I have extensive experience in addressing a wide array of concerns, including anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, suicidal ideation, self-harm behaviors, and other emotional challenges. My clients have shared that they appreciate my empathic, nonjudgmental, collaborative, and exploratory style.
(614) 705-0026 View (614) 705-0026
Photo of Emily K Kirby, Psychologist in Columbus, OH
Emily K Kirby
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43221
Waitlist for new clients
I have 10+ years experience conducting therapy with children, adolescents, adults, families, with special expertise in depression, anxiety, women's issues, grief/loss, couples and family therapy, parenting concerns, and behavioral challenges in children and adolescents. I utilize an integrative approach to meet each client's unique needs and goals, incorporating cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and mindfulness-based interventions. I am dedicated to building strong therapeutic relationships with my clients by providing empathy, respect, and compassion in a non-judging, safe environment. My collaborative, individualized approach empowers clients to make lasting changes in their lives and increase feelings of self-worth.
I have 10+ years experience conducting therapy with children, adolescents, adults, families, with special expertise in depression, anxiety, women's issues, grief/loss, couples and family therapy, parenting concerns, and behavioral challenges in children and adolescents. I utilize an integrative approach to meet each client's unique needs and goals, incorporating cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and mindfulness-based interventions. I am dedicated to building strong therapeutic relationships with my clients by providing empathy, respect, and compassion in a non-judging, safe environment. My collaborative, individualized approach empowers clients to make lasting changes in their lives and increase feelings of self-worth.
(614) 389-9138 View (614) 389-9138
Sleep or Insomnia Therapists

How effective is treatment for insomnia?

The most effective treatments for insomnia are behavioral techniques that reduce anxiety, including anxiety about falling asleep, and allow the body’s natural cycles to be recalibrated. The most common treatment is cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), which researchers have found to be more useful than medication, with rates of success as high as 80 percent.

Are there specific medications for sleep problems?

There are many medications, both over-the-counter and prescription that treat sleep problems. Supplements such as melatonin are popular and may help, though there is little evidence that it is more effective than a placebo. Prescription medications such as zolpidem are sometimes prescribed.

Are there natural treatments for sleep problems?

There are many natural treatments for everyday sleep problems. Reducing blue-light emitting screens, setting a regular bedtime, regular exercise, reducing caffeine and nicotine consumption, and keeping the bedroom dark and cool at night are all lifestyle changes that can help those who struggle with sleep but may not reach the level of an insomnia diagnosis.

What’s the difference between having trouble falling asleep and insomnia?

Life events, stress, and anxiety can lead to sleepless nights for everyone from time to time. To be diagnosed with insomnia, a patient must experience trouble falling asleep, trouble remaining asleep, waking up too early, or non-restorative sleep at least three nights per week for at least one month. Sleep problems affect one-third to one-half of the population, while chronic insomnia affects about 10 to 15 percent of people.