Therapists in New York, NY

View neighborhoods in New York
Photo of Noia Efrat, Psychologist in New York, NY
Noia Efrat
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
As a psychodynamic therapist, I hold that exploring our motivations, inner conflicts and personal histories in a safe context can mobilize greater self-awareness, flexibility, and changes to problematic or painful modes of relating to ourselves and to others. I aim to foster a collaborative and responsive therapeutic environment informed by the specific needs and goals of each of my patients. I take a strengths-based approach and work to scaffold and reinforce the resources that each client brings with them.
As a psychodynamic therapist, I hold that exploring our motivations, inner conflicts and personal histories in a safe context can mobilize greater self-awareness, flexibility, and changes to problematic or painful modes of relating to ourselves and to others. I aim to foster a collaborative and responsive therapeutic environment informed by the specific needs and goals of each of my patients. I take a strengths-based approach and work to scaffold and reinforce the resources that each client brings with them.
View
Photo of Erin Mills, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Erin Mills
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10021  (Online Only)
Whatever brings you to therapy, I welcome your whole self into the room. Some of what brings you here may be hard to talk about. Maybe you have learned to cope with emotional pain in ways that are now hurting you or your relationships. You may be struggling with relationship difficulties, anxiety, depression, sexuality, identity issues, or trying to sort out the impact of painful past experiences. We can work together to better understand your experiences and learn new ways to be with all of your feelings that free you to experience greater meaning and connection in your life.
Whatever brings you to therapy, I welcome your whole self into the room. Some of what brings you here may be hard to talk about. Maybe you have learned to cope with emotional pain in ways that are now hurting you or your relationships. You may be struggling with relationship difficulties, anxiety, depression, sexuality, identity issues, or trying to sort out the impact of painful past experiences. We can work together to better understand your experiences and learn new ways to be with all of your feelings that free you to experience greater meaning and connection in your life.
(718) 568-5761 View (718) 568-5761
Photo of Phyllis Tompkins, Licensed Psychoanalyst in New York, NY
Phyllis Tompkins
Licensed Psychoanalyst, LCSW, PhD
Not Verified Not Verified
New York, NY 10075
Welcome to the talking cure! My job is to help you talk about life stressors: strained relationships, job pressures, uncertain times. Perhaps you are feeling over-whelmed, anxious or depressed. As you express your feelings to a trained listener, you develop emotional muscles to tolerate life's disappointments and frustrations.
Welcome to the talking cure! My job is to help you talk about life stressors: strained relationships, job pressures, uncertain times. Perhaps you are feeling over-whelmed, anxious or depressed. As you express your feelings to a trained listener, you develop emotional muscles to tolerate life's disappointments and frustrations.
(347) 894-2542 View (347) 894-2542
Photo of Jessica Linick, Psychologist in New York, NY
Jessica Linick
Psychologist, PhD, SEP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
Waitlist for new clients
Difficult life experiences, whether they happen once or are ongoing, can leave us feeling isolated and disconnected, both from others, and from ourselves. It can be hard to find pleasure in relationships, hobbies, families, or careers, or to even simply just "be" as we are. I view therapy first and foremost as a way to reconnect and be curious about ourselves; to find a place of safety, connectedness, and support from which we can begin to explore who we are, how we came to be, and where we want to go. As sessions progress, I aim to help you find resilience, movement, ease, stillness, or freedom, wherever you may need it.
Difficult life experiences, whether they happen once or are ongoing, can leave us feeling isolated and disconnected, both from others, and from ourselves. It can be hard to find pleasure in relationships, hobbies, families, or careers, or to even simply just "be" as we are. I view therapy first and foremost as a way to reconnect and be curious about ourselves; to find a place of safety, connectedness, and support from which we can begin to explore who we are, how we came to be, and where we want to go. As sessions progress, I aim to help you find resilience, movement, ease, stillness, or freedom, wherever you may need it.
(646) 798-4488 View (646) 798-4488
Photo of Jeff Jones, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Jeff Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10010  (Online Only)
As a social worker psychotherapist, I have been trained to address not just your immediate symptoms, but also all of the various other factors that may be involved—family structure, past experiences, spirituality, bodily health, and systemic issues, to name a few. There are so many unique and important pieces that have come together to affect your experience of the world; they deserve to be acknowledged!
As a social worker psychotherapist, I have been trained to address not just your immediate symptoms, but also all of the various other factors that may be involved—family structure, past experiences, spirituality, bodily health, and systemic issues, to name a few. There are so many unique and important pieces that have come together to affect your experience of the world; they deserve to be acknowledged!
(332) 900-4473 View (332) 900-4473
Photo of Sam Greenleaf Miller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Sam Greenleaf Miller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10007
Sam (they/them) works with individuals and couples in relational and collaborative ways. They specialize in treating trauma, depression, and anxiety and its impact on patients' relationships, capacity for intimacy, careers, and self-concept. Sam finds working with artists, academics and intellectuals, innovators working in Tech, leaders in the public service sector (politics, nonprofits) and the entertainment industry, LGBTQAI folks, non-monogamous individuals/couples, and people with alternative spiritual practices deeply fulfilling and offers all of their patients a judgment-free environment within which to connect.
Sam (they/them) works with individuals and couples in relational and collaborative ways. They specialize in treating trauma, depression, and anxiety and its impact on patients' relationships, capacity for intimacy, careers, and self-concept. Sam finds working with artists, academics and intellectuals, innovators working in Tech, leaders in the public service sector (politics, nonprofits) and the entertainment industry, LGBTQAI folks, non-monogamous individuals/couples, and people with alternative spiritual practices deeply fulfilling and offers all of their patients a judgment-free environment within which to connect.
(347) 801-2541 View (347) 801-2541
Photo of Glenn W Frost, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Glenn W Frost
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10019
I have 30 years experience working with youth, adolescents, adults, couples, and families. Clients come to see me seeking assistance for a wide variety of issues related to anxiety, depression, mental/physical illness, grief and loss, trauma, stress, unexplained anger, and relationship issues. I believe in exploring issues from a family perspective; where did you come from and how did you come to be who, and how, you are.
I have 30 years experience working with youth, adolescents, adults, couples, and families. Clients come to see me seeking assistance for a wide variety of issues related to anxiety, depression, mental/physical illness, grief and loss, trauma, stress, unexplained anger, and relationship issues. I believe in exploring issues from a family perspective; where did you come from and how did you come to be who, and how, you are.
(716) 417-9998 View (716) 417-9998
Photo of Jeremy P Ortman, Counselor in New York, NY
Jeremy P Ortman
Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
Finding the right therapist can feel overwhelming because it is crucial to find the right fit. Knowing this, I aim to create a strong therapeutic relationship with an emphasis on trust and acceptance. My style is interactive, practical, and infused with sensitivity and a sense of humor. We'll work collaboratively to set goals, identify barriers to growth, increase coping skills, and build on existing strengths. My aim is to assist you to access your own inner wisdom and resilience.
Finding the right therapist can feel overwhelming because it is crucial to find the right fit. Knowing this, I aim to create a strong therapeutic relationship with an emphasis on trust and acceptance. My style is interactive, practical, and infused with sensitivity and a sense of humor. We'll work collaboratively to set goals, identify barriers to growth, increase coping skills, and build on existing strengths. My aim is to assist you to access your own inner wisdom and resilience.
(646) 759-0418 View (646) 759-0418
Photo of Rachael Graham, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Rachael Graham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10007
Beginning therapy is a brave and beautiful step. As your guide on your healing journey, my goal is for you to discover the internal strengths you already have to navigate any challenges that come your way. We’ll work together to promote self-compassion, self-acceptance, and positive changes across all areas of your life. My clients have diverse lived experiences and backgrounds. As such, I approach my practice from an intersectional perspective.
Beginning therapy is a brave and beautiful step. As your guide on your healing journey, my goal is for you to discover the internal strengths you already have to navigate any challenges that come your way. We’ll work together to promote self-compassion, self-acceptance, and positive changes across all areas of your life. My clients have diverse lived experiences and backgrounds. As such, I approach my practice from an intersectional perspective.
(347) 921-9359 View (347) 921-9359
Photo of Lynn Saladino, Psychologist in New York, NY
Lynn Saladino
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011
Thank you for viewing my profile! For more information about my practice, I encourage you to visit my website. I am a private clinician based in New York City seeing clients for a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, emotional eating, life transitions, and relationship challenges. I offer a warm, but straight forward approach and frequently incorporate coaching techniques to help you address the various goals of your life. My style is quite interactive, practical, and solution focused. I'm also licensed in Massachusetts, so am able to offer therapy for clients based there as well.
Thank you for viewing my profile! For more information about my practice, I encourage you to visit my website. I am a private clinician based in New York City seeing clients for a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, emotional eating, life transitions, and relationship challenges. I offer a warm, but straight forward approach and frequently incorporate coaching techniques to help you address the various goals of your life. My style is quite interactive, practical, and solution focused. I'm also licensed in Massachusetts, so am able to offer therapy for clients based there as well.
(646) 846-9159 View (646) 846-9159
Photo of Dr. Pierre Leon, Psychologist in New York, NY
Dr. Pierre Leon
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
Hello, my name is Dr. Pierre Leon. I believe that we all are a culmination of our experiences. Through an integrative and holistic approach, I am able help, my clients, with not only their psychological needs but also their biological and sociological needs. We are able to achieve this through the use of a combination of evidence-based treatments such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Mindfulness Therapy.
Hello, my name is Dr. Pierre Leon. I believe that we all are a culmination of our experiences. Through an integrative and holistic approach, I am able help, my clients, with not only their psychological needs but also their biological and sociological needs. We are able to achieve this through the use of a combination of evidence-based treatments such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Mindfulness Therapy.
(929) 238-9233 View (929) 238-9233
Photo of Sam Bauer, Psychologist in New York, NY
Sam Bauer
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10018
I am a licensed psychologist who works with adults in individual psychotherapy. I have experience working with a variety of issues including depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, grief, substance abuse, disordered eating, and life stress. Whatever you may be facing, my goal as your therapist is to accurately understand you, your unique strengths and goals, and to explore what is at the heart of your challenges. I would also seek to build an authentic, caring, and supportive relationship within which you feel heard and safe. From this foundation my approach to psychotherapy will be tailored to you and your unique needs.
I am a licensed psychologist who works with adults in individual psychotherapy. I have experience working with a variety of issues including depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, grief, substance abuse, disordered eating, and life stress. Whatever you may be facing, my goal as your therapist is to accurately understand you, your unique strengths and goals, and to explore what is at the heart of your challenges. I would also seek to build an authentic, caring, and supportive relationship within which you feel heard and safe. From this foundation my approach to psychotherapy will be tailored to you and your unique needs.
(646) 798-7530 View (646) 798-7530
Photo of Mara J. Brandon, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Mara J. Brandon, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CASAC , ICADC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10023  (Online Only)
I am guided by the belief that we all have the right to mental health treatment that is free of judgment, shame and stigma. As a therapist, I provide an empathetic space where you will feel seen, heard and accepted. Over my many years as a clinician, I have successfully helped people with a wide range of issues including intimate relationships, family, depression, anxiety, loneliness and substance use - just to name a few. I also have significant experience working with adults who engage in poly and other sexually expansive lifestyles, as well as issues in sexuality, such as sexual desire discrepancy between partners.
I am guided by the belief that we all have the right to mental health treatment that is free of judgment, shame and stigma. As a therapist, I provide an empathetic space where you will feel seen, heard and accepted. Over my many years as a clinician, I have successfully helped people with a wide range of issues including intimate relationships, family, depression, anxiety, loneliness and substance use - just to name a few. I also have significant experience working with adults who engage in poly and other sexually expansive lifestyles, as well as issues in sexuality, such as sexual desire discrepancy between partners.
(646) 846-8903 View (646) 846-8903
Photo of Dr. Dylan Marks, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Dr. Dylan Marks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, MA, DSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
I imagine you may wonder what your life means. You might want to feel vitally connected to nature, the spiritual world and people in your life. Or you feel sad or numb and want to understand why, to feel more energy. Or you just want to sit still and not worry about the future. In one way or another, you are looking to feel safe and fulfilled, to relieve distress and feel less alone. Perhaps you feel loneliness and don't know what to do about it or have an addiction you sometimes hide and sometimes admit to yourself. You may have a child or adolescent you're concerned about, with conflicts you hope can heal.
I imagine you may wonder what your life means. You might want to feel vitally connected to nature, the spiritual world and people in your life. Or you feel sad or numb and want to understand why, to feel more energy. Or you just want to sit still and not worry about the future. In one way or another, you are looking to feel safe and fulfilled, to relieve distress and feel less alone. Perhaps you feel loneliness and don't know what to do about it or have an addiction you sometimes hide and sometimes admit to yourself. You may have a child or adolescent you're concerned about, with conflicts you hope can heal.
(646) 760-4884 View (646) 760-4884
Photo of Dayna M Kurtz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Dayna M Kurtz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10028
You deserve to feel well; Let's get you there. Our work together is designed to cultivate greater contentment in your life. We all experience challenge, often around our relationships, our work, our health, and caring for our children and loved ones. These experiences can provoke anxiety, fear and uncertainty. Having a safe, nonjudgmental space in which to work through these moments can be profoundly helpful and often facilitate swifter resolution. I am trained in a wide number of modalities including EMDR, IFS (Internal Family Systems) Relational and Psychodynamic psychotherapy, among others.
You deserve to feel well; Let's get you there. Our work together is designed to cultivate greater contentment in your life. We all experience challenge, often around our relationships, our work, our health, and caring for our children and loved ones. These experiences can provoke anxiety, fear and uncertainty. Having a safe, nonjudgmental space in which to work through these moments can be profoundly helpful and often facilitate swifter resolution. I am trained in a wide number of modalities including EMDR, IFS (Internal Family Systems) Relational and Psychodynamic psychotherapy, among others.
(646) 681-1957 View (646) 681-1957
Photo of Mechelle Chestnut, Creative Arts Therapist in New York, NY
Mechelle Chestnut
Creative Arts Therapist, LCAT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10036
Are you feeling stuck and unhappy? I am here to help you move past the blocks, feel better, and live a more connected life. My practice is a combination of talk therapy, creative arts methods, meditation, and mindset development that is tailored to each person's unique needs.
Are you feeling stuck and unhappy? I am here to help you move past the blocks, feel better, and live a more connected life. My practice is a combination of talk therapy, creative arts methods, meditation, and mindset development that is tailored to each person's unique needs.
(646) 553-4083 View (646) 553-4083
Photo of Laura Pantaleo, Psychologist in New York, NY
Laura Pantaleo
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
Whether you are feeling overwhelmed in your life in general, or you want to develop a deeper understanding of yourself, I believe that therapy serves a purpose for everyone. Therapy is a unique partnership; you are the expert on yourself while I am the expert on behavior change guiding you towards your goals. Together, we combine our expertise to achieve the outcome you are looking for. My style is warm, collaborative, and targeted, helping you to feel empowered to graduate from therapy and gain mastery over your life and the challenges you face.
Whether you are feeling overwhelmed in your life in general, or you want to develop a deeper understanding of yourself, I believe that therapy serves a purpose for everyone. Therapy is a unique partnership; you are the expert on yourself while I am the expert on behavior change guiding you towards your goals. Together, we combine our expertise to achieve the outcome you are looking for. My style is warm, collaborative, and targeted, helping you to feel empowered to graduate from therapy and gain mastery over your life and the challenges you face.
(347) 970-8055 View (347) 970-8055
Photo of Ang Romulus, Pre-Licensed Professional in New York, NY
Ang Romulus
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
Life can be incredibly difficult, complex, and, at times, confusing. It can also be rewarding, fulfilling, and enlightening. My role as a psychologist is to help you better understand yourself and, in so doing, equip you with the skills and insight needed to live your life in a way that is rich and meaningful, whatever that looks like to you. Using the collaborative treatment plan LifeMaps, we will work together at a pace that is comfortable while ensuring you reach your goals. I am a Black woman, the daughter of immigrants, and an LGBTQIA+ ally, and all of these identities deeply inform my clinical work.
Life can be incredibly difficult, complex, and, at times, confusing. It can also be rewarding, fulfilling, and enlightening. My role as a psychologist is to help you better understand yourself and, in so doing, equip you with the skills and insight needed to live your life in a way that is rich and meaningful, whatever that looks like to you. Using the collaborative treatment plan LifeMaps, we will work together at a pace that is comfortable while ensuring you reach your goals. I am a Black woman, the daughter of immigrants, and an LGBTQIA+ ally, and all of these identities deeply inform my clinical work.
(866) 232-7328 View (866) 232-7328
Photo of Javier Moreira, Counselor in New York, NY
Javier Moreira
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
Javier's approach to therapy is primarily person-centered and cognitive-behavioral. However, he also utilizes techniques from other modalities as well including DBT, mindfulness, Gestalt therapy, and motivational interviewing. His therapy involves actively listening to clients' needs and concerns, while engaging them in whichever therapeutic intervention may best be suitable for them in a welcoming and safe space. Establishing a strong and genuine rapport is essential to help foster change and progress. Javier has worked for over 5 years at an outpatient mental health clinic in Brooklyn, NY.
Javier's approach to therapy is primarily person-centered and cognitive-behavioral. However, he also utilizes techniques from other modalities as well including DBT, mindfulness, Gestalt therapy, and motivational interviewing. His therapy involves actively listening to clients' needs and concerns, while engaging them in whichever therapeutic intervention may best be suitable for them in a welcoming and safe space. Establishing a strong and genuine rapport is essential to help foster change and progress. Javier has worked for over 5 years at an outpatient mental health clinic in Brooklyn, NY.
(646) 760-5852 View (646) 760-5852
Photo of Ashlee Reilly-Hunt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Ashlee Reilly-Hunt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10013  (Online Only)
You were having a nice day, walking back from lunch, when it happened. You glanced into a shop window and accidentally caught a glimpse of your reflection. At once, all of your confidence and self-assurance evaporated. You were immediately plunged into a tailspin of shame and inadequacy. You hate how you look and don’t know what to do about it. You’ve gone to extreme lengths to change your appearance; dieting, exercise regimens, and even speaking to a cosmetic surgeon, but it’s no use. You desperately want to feel more comfortable but don’t know how. So you hide from the world and hope no one sees you. But this is no way to live.
You were having a nice day, walking back from lunch, when it happened. You glanced into a shop window and accidentally caught a glimpse of your reflection. At once, all of your confidence and self-assurance evaporated. You were immediately plunged into a tailspin of shame and inadequacy. You hate how you look and don’t know what to do about it. You’ve gone to extreme lengths to change your appearance; dieting, exercise regimens, and even speaking to a cosmetic surgeon, but it’s no use. You desperately want to feel more comfortable but don’t know how. So you hide from the world and hope no one sees you. But this is no way to live.
(347) 997-3163 View (347) 997-3163

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
60% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.