Therapists in Jacksonville Beach, FL

Photo of Rachel Bauder Cohen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Jacksonville Beach, FL
Rachel Bauder Cohen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250
Hiiii, I’m Rachel! And this is me: a very intense dog lover (meet my therapy dog below), queeeen of being happy doing nothing, and a serious empath/highly sensitive person.
Hiiii, I’m Rachel! And this is me: a very intense dog lover (meet my therapy dog below), queeeen of being happy doing nothing, and a serious empath/highly sensitive person.
(904) 320-0318 View (904) 320-0318
Photo of Michele Malnove, Counselor in Jacksonville Beach, FL
Michele Malnove
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250  (Online Only)
The decision to seek out support can be challenging, so I'm glad you found yourself here. I am a licensed Mental Health Counselor with 11 years of experience in providing therapy. I have worked in inpatient/outpatient clinics, hospitals, correctional settings, and via telehealth. I’ve worked with people struggling with co-occurring disorders, personality disorders, addiction, PTSD, anxiety, depression, communication and relationship issues. My hope is to provide you with a safe space to share, process, and grow without fear of judgement.
The decision to seek out support can be challenging, so I'm glad you found yourself here. I am a licensed Mental Health Counselor with 11 years of experience in providing therapy. I have worked in inpatient/outpatient clinics, hospitals, correctional settings, and via telehealth. I’ve worked with people struggling with co-occurring disorders, personality disorders, addiction, PTSD, anxiety, depression, communication and relationship issues. My hope is to provide you with a safe space to share, process, and grow without fear of judgement.
(904) 574-5862 View (904) 574-5862
Photo of Kim Norwicz, Counselor in Jacksonville Beach, FL
Kim Norwicz
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250
Hi there! I'm Kim and I'm thrilled to get to know you! I'm a self-proclaimed queso expert who loves all things crafting and Netflix (Criminal Minds anyone?). Whether you are a therapy veteran or a newbie, you are a freaking courageous human for taking this step. I love working with people looking to discover and embrace their authentic selves. The growing tween/teen, changing 20 something, and overwhelmed adult- we all need a safe space where we feel heard and seen. It is my goal to create a place you can be you in your most candid form.
Hi there! I'm Kim and I'm thrilled to get to know you! I'm a self-proclaimed queso expert who loves all things crafting and Netflix (Criminal Minds anyone?). Whether you are a therapy veteran or a newbie, you are a freaking courageous human for taking this step. I love working with people looking to discover and embrace their authentic selves. The growing tween/teen, changing 20 something, and overwhelmed adult- we all need a safe space where we feel heard and seen. It is my goal to create a place you can be you in your most candid form.
(904) 204-1602 View (904) 204-1602
Photo of Judi Howard, Counselor in Jacksonville Beach, FL
Judi Howard
Counselor, LMHC, CMHC, EMDR, SSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250
Hello. I have provided therapy to individuals, children, and couples since 1990. Currently, I enjoy providing therapy to adults with various concerns including anxiety, depression, grief/loss and trauma. I take an integrative approach to therapy, combining techniques and strategies designed to promote the positive outcomes and goals that clients seek. This includes teaching relaxation and stress reduction techniques that clients can use in their everyday life. I rely on my training and experience along with the client's unique concerns, to determine how best to approach the situation.
Hello. I have provided therapy to individuals, children, and couples since 1990. Currently, I enjoy providing therapy to adults with various concerns including anxiety, depression, grief/loss and trauma. I take an integrative approach to therapy, combining techniques and strategies designed to promote the positive outcomes and goals that clients seek. This includes teaching relaxation and stress reduction techniques that clients can use in their everyday life. I rely on my training and experience along with the client's unique concerns, to determine how best to approach the situation.
(904) 297-2037 View (904) 297-2037
Photo of Justin Simpson, Psychologist in Jacksonville Beach, FL
Justin Simpson
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250
I consider it a great privilege to join people on their journey through life's trials and triumphs and I take this responsibility very seriously.I provide individual, couples, and family therapy. My primary approach to addressing anxiety, depression, psychosis, or relationship problems is cognitive-behavioral treatment. This means I help people change the way they think about themselves, others, and the world as well as help them change behaviors that are causing problems. I also integrate other approaches and strategies when necessary to make sure clients benefit from all the helpful therapeutic tools that are available.
I consider it a great privilege to join people on their journey through life's trials and triumphs and I take this responsibility very seriously.I provide individual, couples, and family therapy. My primary approach to addressing anxiety, depression, psychosis, or relationship problems is cognitive-behavioral treatment. This means I help people change the way they think about themselves, others, and the world as well as help them change behaviors that are causing problems. I also integrate other approaches and strategies when necessary to make sure clients benefit from all the helpful therapeutic tools that are available.
(904) 758-5224 View (904) 758-5224
Photo of Angela Zaher Jax Bch Counseling, Pre-Licensed Professional in Jacksonville Beach, FL
Angela Zaher Jax Bch Counseling
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250
Each clients goals vary depending on their needs and individual situation. I have mainly had the experience in working with young adults through anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as self-image and self confidence concerns.
Each clients goals vary depending on their needs and individual situation. I have mainly had the experience in working with young adults through anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as self-image and self confidence concerns.
(904) 877-9157 View (904) 877-9157
Photo of Rebecca Jones, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Jacksonville Beach, FL
Rebecca Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250
Transitions in life can be extremely difficult. Do you find that you are second-guessing yourself and your choices? Would you like a neutral third party to help you process and facilitate your ability to make healthy boundaries with those around you? I specialize in women's issues in regards to new moms and transitions in parenting. I enjoy working with strong-willed children and teens while helping their family support them. Because of my passion for these populations, I provide weekend hours to work with my clients' busy schedules. I believe in creating a safe place for each client to unload and work through emotional issues.
Transitions in life can be extremely difficult. Do you find that you are second-guessing yourself and your choices? Would you like a neutral third party to help you process and facilitate your ability to make healthy boundaries with those around you? I specialize in women's issues in regards to new moms and transitions in parenting. I enjoy working with strong-willed children and teens while helping their family support them. Because of my passion for these populations, I provide weekend hours to work with my clients' busy schedules. I believe in creating a safe place for each client to unload and work through emotional issues.
(904) 606-8765 View (904) 606-8765
Photo of Cassandra J Hoffer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Jacksonville Beach, FL
Cassandra J Hoffer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250  (Online Only)
My name is Cassandra Hoffer. I am a wellness oriented, solution focused, Marriage and Family Therapist licensed in Florida. I have recently changed my practice from in person, to online through Headway. I am happy to have the privilege of working with individuals, couples, and families facing personal or relationship challenges. Over time, I have also gained considerable experience helping clients find their own most effective ways to meet the day to day challenges of substance use and recovery from addictive behaviors.
My name is Cassandra Hoffer. I am a wellness oriented, solution focused, Marriage and Family Therapist licensed in Florida. I have recently changed my practice from in person, to online through Headway. I am happy to have the privilege of working with individuals, couples, and families facing personal or relationship challenges. Over time, I have also gained considerable experience helping clients find their own most effective ways to meet the day to day challenges of substance use and recovery from addictive behaviors.
(904) 853-3362 View (904) 853-3362
Photo of Rachel Thorpe in Jacksonville Beach, FL
Rachel Thorpe
MEd, EdS, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250
Hello and welcome! My name is Rachel Thorpe and I have worked with a diverse range of clients focusing on issues relating to relationships, ADHD, anxiety, body image and eating disorders, addiction and family dynamics. I have found one constant amongst all groups of people: connection. We all seek deeper and more meaningful connections with ourselves and others. My passion for therapy stems from the belief that we can heal through our ability to improve our internal and external connections.
Hello and welcome! My name is Rachel Thorpe and I have worked with a diverse range of clients focusing on issues relating to relationships, ADHD, anxiety, body image and eating disorders, addiction and family dynamics. I have found one constant amongst all groups of people: connection. We all seek deeper and more meaningful connections with ourselves and others. My passion for therapy stems from the belief that we can heal through our ability to improve our internal and external connections.
(904) 682-9621 View (904) 682-9621
Photo of Jax Beach Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Jacksonville Beach, FL
Jax Beach Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250
Welcome. I'm Melissa Dionne, and my specialty is treating children, teens, couples, and families. While every client is unique, the challenges couples and families face are often similar: from parenting a toddler or a teen (all separate challenges), the day-to-day stressors, school issues, depression, anxiety, infidelity, or contemplating divorce to name just a few. My approach is holistic while utilizing research-based techniques. Remember the decision to enter therapy shows strength. It empowers you to make choices, to find peace and happiness in your life. To learn more visit my website: jaxbchcounseling.com.
Welcome. I'm Melissa Dionne, and my specialty is treating children, teens, couples, and families. While every client is unique, the challenges couples and families face are often similar: from parenting a toddler or a teen (all separate challenges), the day-to-day stressors, school issues, depression, anxiety, infidelity, or contemplating divorce to name just a few. My approach is holistic while utilizing research-based techniques. Remember the decision to enter therapy shows strength. It empowers you to make choices, to find peace and happiness in your life. To learn more visit my website: jaxbchcounseling.com.
(904) 877-4911 View (904) 877-4911
Photo of Jessica C. Lanier, LMHC, Counselor in Jacksonville Beach, FL
Jessica C. Lanier, LMHC
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with 17 years of experience. I have practiced in community based agencies and a private practice setting. I have extensive experience conducting individual, couples, and family psychotherapy, initial diagnostic interviews, and crisis intervention for all areas of mental health.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with 17 years of experience. I have practiced in community based agencies and a private practice setting. I have extensive experience conducting individual, couples, and family psychotherapy, initial diagnostic interviews, and crisis intervention for all areas of mental health.
(904) 425-2009 View (904) 425-2009
Photo of Ron Cipriano and Associates Counseling, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Jacksonville Beach, FL
Ron Cipriano and Associates Counseling
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MS, CAP
Verified Verified
Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250
WE ARE REALLY AT THE BEACH!!! Ron Cipriano is the Treatment Director for the Substance Abuse IOP (Intensive Outpatient Program) at the Jacksonville Beach office of Ron Cipriano and Associates Counseling. There are daytime and a night time groups available. In addition to substance abuse, alcoholism and drug addiction groups, I also have individual counseling sessions for addictions and mental health/family/marital counseling.
WE ARE REALLY AT THE BEACH!!! Ron Cipriano is the Treatment Director for the Substance Abuse IOP (Intensive Outpatient Program) at the Jacksonville Beach office of Ron Cipriano and Associates Counseling. There are daytime and a night time groups available. In addition to substance abuse, alcoholism and drug addiction groups, I also have individual counseling sessions for addictions and mental health/family/marital counseling.
(904) 513-9445 View (904) 513-9445
Photo of Dr. Carlene Taylor & 'Eli', Counselor in Jacksonville Beach, FL
Dr. Carlene Taylor & 'Eli'
Counselor, EdD, LMHC, LPC, ESMHL, ERYT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250
Working from a holistic model of treatment, integrating behavioral healthcare with medical care, art, yoga, animals and the natural world is my specialty. The client that is tired of being tired and unfulfilled or tired of being sick and tired and wants a real relationship that goes beyond "tell me how you feel today" is the person who will enjoy working with me. I utilize evidence-based treatment strategies but combine them in dynamic and engaging ways that make it possible for clients to heal body, mind and spirit while learning critical relationship skills with humans and the natural world.
Working from a holistic model of treatment, integrating behavioral healthcare with medical care, art, yoga, animals and the natural world is my specialty. The client that is tired of being tired and unfulfilled or tired of being sick and tired and wants a real relationship that goes beyond "tell me how you feel today" is the person who will enjoy working with me. I utilize evidence-based treatment strategies but combine them in dynamic and engaging ways that make it possible for clients to heal body, mind and spirit while learning critical relationship skills with humans and the natural world.
(904) 530-2022 View (904) 530-2022
Photo of Kasey Smith, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Jacksonville Beach, FL
Kasey Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, LMFT
Verified Verified
Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250
I am a compassionate mental health counselor with 14 years of experience working as a school counselor and therapist in elementary and middle schools in St Johns and Duval County. Alongside my work in the school system, I have also served as a therapist for the foster care system. My dedication lies in working with children from split homes, as well as families and children who have been involved in foster care or adoption. It brings me immense joy to support them on their journey to healing and growth.
I am a compassionate mental health counselor with 14 years of experience working as a school counselor and therapist in elementary and middle schools in St Johns and Duval County. Alongside my work in the school system, I have also served as a therapist for the foster care system. My dedication lies in working with children from split homes, as well as families and children who have been involved in foster care or adoption. It brings me immense joy to support them on their journey to healing and growth.
(904) 822-5547 View (904) 822-5547
Photo of Mitzy K Neel Galer, Counselor in Jacksonville Beach, FL
Mitzy K Neel Galer
Counselor, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250
I'm here to help you become the best version of you emotionally, physically, spiritually, and socially. I'm able to provide you with resources, referrals, individual, couple, group and family therapy sessions in order help you to achieve your goals in a positive, accepting and safe environment. I work with tweens, teenagers and adults of all ages, races, genders and sexual orientations struggling with various life stressors/issues. Some of these include academics, occupation, family conflict, social relationships, gender confusion and identity, trauma, grief and loss, divorce, parenting, addictions, poor body- image, disordered eating patterns, and eating disorders.
I'm here to help you become the best version of you emotionally, physically, spiritually, and socially. I'm able to provide you with resources, referrals, individual, couple, group and family therapy sessions in order help you to achieve your goals in a positive, accepting and safe environment. I work with tweens, teenagers and adults of all ages, races, genders and sexual orientations struggling with various life stressors/issues. Some of these include academics, occupation, family conflict, social relationships, gender confusion and identity, trauma, grief and loss, divorce, parenting, addictions, poor body- image, disordered eating patterns, and eating disorders.
(904) 748-2925 View (904) 748-2925
Photo of Amy Bucciarelli, Counselor in Jacksonville Beach, FL
Amy Bucciarelli
Counselor, MS, ATR-BC, LMHC, NCC, ITR-CTS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250
Waitlist for new clients
The weight of deep hurts and past traumas is burdensome. You desire to feel calm, happy, and empowered without years of painful therapy, self-care struggles, or relentless pushing through. I get it. I specialize in helping women like you find the path to healing and transformation. Life is challenging and can leave you feeling trapped and overwhelmed. It doesn't have to be this way. I'm here to guide you on your journey towards emotional recovery. My unique approach is about embracing your strength and resilience without forcing you to re-live painful memories or add to your already full plate. I believe trauma is fully treatable.
The weight of deep hurts and past traumas is burdensome. You desire to feel calm, happy, and empowered without years of painful therapy, self-care struggles, or relentless pushing through. I get it. I specialize in helping women like you find the path to healing and transformation. Life is challenging and can leave you feeling trapped and overwhelmed. It doesn't have to be this way. I'm here to guide you on your journey towards emotional recovery. My unique approach is about embracing your strength and resilience without forcing you to re-live painful memories or add to your already full plate. I believe trauma is fully treatable.
(904) 830-6964 View (904) 830-6964
Photo of John Richard Crossfield, Counselor in Jacksonville Beach, FL
John Richard Crossfield
Counselor, LMHC, MAC, NCC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250
Richard Crossfield is a Licensed Mental health Counselor with Comprehensive MedPsych Systems (CMPS). He has over 25 years of clinical experience as a Psychotherapist. He was in private practice for ten years before joining CMPS in January 2019. Richard is an interactive, collaborative, solution-focused therapist. His therapeutic approach is to utilize empirically-driven techniques, empathic and caring support and practical feedback to help clients effectively address their concerns and challenges in life. I OFFER SERVICES IN OUR JACKSONVILLE BEACH OFFICE.
Richard Crossfield is a Licensed Mental health Counselor with Comprehensive MedPsych Systems (CMPS). He has over 25 years of clinical experience as a Psychotherapist. He was in private practice for ten years before joining CMPS in January 2019. Richard is an interactive, collaborative, solution-focused therapist. His therapeutic approach is to utilize empirically-driven techniques, empathic and caring support and practical feedback to help clients effectively address their concerns and challenges in life. I OFFER SERVICES IN OUR JACKSONVILLE BEACH OFFICE.
(904) 567-0845 View (904) 567-0845
Photo of Alexandra Heap, Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern in Jacksonville Beach, FL
Alexandra Heap
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250
Hi, I'm Alex. I am committed to serving adolescents and adults in understanding themselves and healing through the evidence based practices of person centered therapy. My work focuses on creating a safe space free from judgement where empathy and genuine experiences are emphasized. I assist you in understanding mental health from your specific frame of reference and guide you in finding answers that are already within yourself.
Hi, I'm Alex. I am committed to serving adolescents and adults in understanding themselves and healing through the evidence based practices of person centered therapy. My work focuses on creating a safe space free from judgement where empathy and genuine experiences are emphasized. I assist you in understanding mental health from your specific frame of reference and guide you in finding answers that are already within yourself.
(904) 593-2331 View (904) 593-2331
Photo of Zoe Trifilio Pfaffman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Jacksonville Beach, FL
Zoe Trifilio Pfaffman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250
I've had the great honor of walking with many on their amazing journey into happiness, serenity, mindful living, peaceful relations, and self-enlightenment. I am humbled to continue this work. Our journey will begin with meeting where you are, and with an understanding that everything is interconnected. This yields well to a holistic therapy form that encompasses mind, body, soul, social and spiritual. I am caring, results driven, analytical, emotionally and client focused, goal-oriented/solution focused, tactful, yet direct. I will educate you and give you practical guidance...even in your first session!
I've had the great honor of walking with many on their amazing journey into happiness, serenity, mindful living, peaceful relations, and self-enlightenment. I am humbled to continue this work. Our journey will begin with meeting where you are, and with an understanding that everything is interconnected. This yields well to a holistic therapy form that encompasses mind, body, soul, social and spiritual. I am caring, results driven, analytical, emotionally and client focused, goal-oriented/solution focused, tactful, yet direct. I will educate you and give you practical guidance...even in your first session!
(904) 479-1357 View (904) 479-1357
Photo of Preferred Nutrition in Jacksonville Beach, FL
Preferred Nutrition
Verified Verified
Jacksonville Beach, FL 32250
Are you ready to change your relationship with food? We provide compassionate nutrition counseling with tools tailored to the individual needs of each client. We strive to empower others to reconnect with themselves, free themselves from dieting, and achieve optimal health and well-being.
Are you ready to change your relationship with food? We provide compassionate nutrition counseling with tools tailored to the individual needs of each client. We strive to empower others to reconnect with themselves, free themselves from dieting, and achieve optimal health and well-being.
(904) 595-1896 View (904) 595-1896

See more therapy options for Jacksonville Beach

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Jacksonville Beach, FL

100+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Jacksonville Beach, FL who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Self Esteem
76% Relationship Issues
75% Coping Skills
62% Trauma and PTSD
62% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

67% Aetna
66% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
57% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Jacksonville Beach, FL see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Jacksonville Beach?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.