Therapists in Berkeley, CA

Photo of Mark Lederer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Mark Lederer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
Healing in therapy begins by finding a therapist who is a good fit. I am glad you found your way to this website to find someone who may be a good fit for you. My areas of focus are helping people who are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief and trauma. These struggles can lead us to feel stuck, frightened, overwhelmed, sad, exhausted. When our attention is drawn to a few strong feelings, a few loud inner voices, and a few number of life choices we feel limited and not fully ourselves.
Healing in therapy begins by finding a therapist who is a good fit. I am glad you found your way to this website to find someone who may be a good fit for you. My areas of focus are helping people who are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief and trauma. These struggles can lead us to feel stuck, frightened, overwhelmed, sad, exhausted. When our attention is drawn to a few strong feelings, a few loud inner voices, and a few number of life choices we feel limited and not fully ourselves.
(510) 876-4723 View (510) 876-4723
Photo of Yashu Jiang, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Yashu Jiang
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94709
I work with adolescents, adults, and couples seeking insight, self-knowledge, and healthier, more fulfilling relationships. Many of my clients are immigrants or children of immigrants from families where mental health and therapy are not routine topics of conversation. Coming to therapy can feel strange and intimidating. I am warm and approachable, and I provide a supportive space for clients to face the things in their lives that are distressing and give them the courage to make changes and confront the painful aspects of themselves and their pasts.
I work with adolescents, adults, and couples seeking insight, self-knowledge, and healthier, more fulfilling relationships. Many of my clients are immigrants or children of immigrants from families where mental health and therapy are not routine topics of conversation. Coming to therapy can feel strange and intimidating. I am warm and approachable, and I provide a supportive space for clients to face the things in their lives that are distressing and give them the courage to make changes and confront the painful aspects of themselves and their pasts.
(510) 391-5768 View (510) 391-5768
Photo of Monica Rowden, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Monica Rowden
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
I am eager to welcome you to the therapeutic process, an essential tool in the journey of growth, healing and empowerment. I specialize in providing compassionate and affirming therapy services, supporting individuals navigating depression, anxiety and trauma. I also have extensive experience working with couples, in particular queer couples, in navigating their relationships and the communication challenges that can arise. My mission is to offer a safe and nonjudgmental space for individuals and couples to explore their challenges, strengthen their bonds and rediscover hope and resilience.
I am eager to welcome you to the therapeutic process, an essential tool in the journey of growth, healing and empowerment. I specialize in providing compassionate and affirming therapy services, supporting individuals navigating depression, anxiety and trauma. I also have extensive experience working with couples, in particular queer couples, in navigating their relationships and the communication challenges that can arise. My mission is to offer a safe and nonjudgmental space for individuals and couples to explore their challenges, strengthen their bonds and rediscover hope and resilience.
(341) 234-3031 View (341) 234-3031
Photo of Laura Goldberger Psychedelic Integration Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Laura Goldberger Psychedelic Integration Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
I offer relational therapy based in mindfulness and somatic awareness, in person in the East Bay. Please see my website for more information: www.lauragoldberger.com.
I offer relational therapy based in mindfulness and somatic awareness, in person in the East Bay. Please see my website for more information: www.lauragoldberger.com.
(341) 895-6567 View (341) 895-6567
Photo of Lauren Bloom, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Lauren Bloom
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
My approach is friendly and collaborative; working with you to explore reactions, emotional patterns, and thought processes. I encourage honest exchange at your own pace while providing tangible techniques to take into your life. I incorporate mindfulness practices from my training as a yoga teacher. My professional background includes two decades of experience in the conflict resolution field with a focus on assisting individuals and teams who have workplace and academic concerns. I work with people from a variety of backgrounds including executives, university faculty, medical professionals, engineers, and people who work in tech and startups.
My approach is friendly and collaborative; working with you to explore reactions, emotional patterns, and thought processes. I encourage honest exchange at your own pace while providing tangible techniques to take into your life. I incorporate mindfulness practices from my training as a yoga teacher. My professional background includes two decades of experience in the conflict resolution field with a focus on assisting individuals and teams who have workplace and academic concerns. I work with people from a variety of backgrounds including executives, university faculty, medical professionals, engineers, and people who work in tech and startups.
(510) 662-0322 View (510) 662-0322
Photo of Farhana Sobhan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Farhana Sobhan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
My practice is supporting others in becoming more resilient and taking steps towards leading a life with more meaning and intentionality. Our unique intersections of life have brought us experiences and challenges that made a lasting impact on how we navigate our systems and relationships. Becoming more aware of the patterns that enabled us to survive in the past can aid in providing more insight and clarity into ourselves to inform our future. Together we will build capacity for unlearning old patterns and developing new capacities that support your growth process and change the narrative from surviving to thriving.
My practice is supporting others in becoming more resilient and taking steps towards leading a life with more meaning and intentionality. Our unique intersections of life have brought us experiences and challenges that made a lasting impact on how we navigate our systems and relationships. Becoming more aware of the patterns that enabled us to survive in the past can aid in providing more insight and clarity into ourselves to inform our future. Together we will build capacity for unlearning old patterns and developing new capacities that support your growth process and change the narrative from surviving to thriving.
(341) 888-7152 View (341) 888-7152
Photo of Dr. Laura Petracek, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Dr. Laura Petracek
Psychologist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94702
Many of us have faced struggles. It's like when you're having a tough day but put on a brave face for the world, hoping nobody notices the cracks beneath the surface. Understand that I create a safe space by establishing boundaries, offering hope, and skilled guidance to explore these issues. I aim to provide knowledgeable, individualized, compassionate care in a supportive, client-centered therapeutic environment while providing knowledge and resources to empower clients to live their best lives! I’m Dr. Laura Petracek, a Clinical Psychologist and author of 2 books with over 30 years of experience in psychotherapy.
Many of us have faced struggles. It's like when you're having a tough day but put on a brave face for the world, hoping nobody notices the cracks beneath the surface. Understand that I create a safe space by establishing boundaries, offering hope, and skilled guidance to explore these issues. I aim to provide knowledgeable, individualized, compassionate care in a supportive, client-centered therapeutic environment while providing knowledge and resources to empower clients to live their best lives! I’m Dr. Laura Petracek, a Clinical Psychologist and author of 2 books with over 30 years of experience in psychotherapy.
(415) 630-4498 View (415) 630-4498
Photo of Angela Allan, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Berkeley, CA
Angela Allan
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94703
I use somatic and mindfulness-based therapy to help clients attune to their mental, physical and emotional needs. I specialize in working with artists and creative thinkers, people who have experienced religious trauma, queer folks, HSPs, women, and parents. If you have struggled with the impacts of trauma or with feeling "too sensitive," I am here to support you. If you've had a challenging psychedelic experience that you'd like to process, I also offer psychedelic integration therapy.
I use somatic and mindfulness-based therapy to help clients attune to their mental, physical and emotional needs. I specialize in working with artists and creative thinkers, people who have experienced religious trauma, queer folks, HSPs, women, and parents. If you have struggled with the impacts of trauma or with feeling "too sensitive," I am here to support you. If you've had a challenging psychedelic experience that you'd like to process, I also offer psychedelic integration therapy.
(510) 616-9697 View (510) 616-9697
Photo of Red Karpman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Red Karpman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
Sometimes amazing things can grow under pressure. Living with stigma - related to a mind that works differently, a body that's unruly or "too much," or a sexuality that doesn't fit behind a white picket fence - asks us to be creative and fierce. The wisdom that can grow here is astounding. But the burden of stigma is heavy, and sometimes it grips us in painful positions. Whether you're feeling exhausted, sick of yourself, or just don't know quite how to relate to other people, therapy with me can help.
Sometimes amazing things can grow under pressure. Living with stigma - related to a mind that works differently, a body that's unruly or "too much," or a sexuality that doesn't fit behind a white picket fence - asks us to be creative and fierce. The wisdom that can grow here is astounding. But the burden of stigma is heavy, and sometimes it grips us in painful positions. Whether you're feeling exhausted, sick of yourself, or just don't know quite how to relate to other people, therapy with me can help.
(510) 328-4259 View (510) 328-4259
Photo of Larry Santiago, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Larry Santiago
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94703
I have a particular expertise in working with clients who have diverse cultural backgrounds (e.g. ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation.) I also have a deep association working with artistic/creative type individuals and can address particular issues that arise being an artist confined to a conventional/mainstream worldview.
I have a particular expertise in working with clients who have diverse cultural backgrounds (e.g. ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation.) I also have a deep association working with artistic/creative type individuals and can address particular issues that arise being an artist confined to a conventional/mainstream worldview.
(925) 247-3396 View (925) 247-3396
Photo of Liz DeJong, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Liz DeJong
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
My approach is interactive and relational and I will meet you where you are with a great deal of warmth, respect and patience. I see therapy as a collaborative process and I am dedicated to providing a welcoming, non-judgmental space where we can address your hopes for therapy together. I enjoy working with individual adults, adolescents and couples.
My approach is interactive and relational and I will meet you where you are with a great deal of warmth, respect and patience. I see therapy as a collaborative process and I am dedicated to providing a welcoming, non-judgmental space where we can address your hopes for therapy together. I enjoy working with individual adults, adolescents and couples.
(341) 667-5411 View (341) 667-5411
Photo of Mark Sullivan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Mark Sullivan
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
Not accepting new clients
Successful psychotherapy is a partnership based on trust. People do change, becoming more truly themselves when they find the right, trained therapist and are able to talk freely. I listen to you with respect and you develop greater self awareness. This enables you to communicate more clearly, to reflect on difficult issues, and to let go of outmoded behaviors that do not further your deeper needs.
Successful psychotherapy is a partnership based on trust. People do change, becoming more truly themselves when they find the right, trained therapist and are able to talk freely. I listen to you with respect and you develop greater self awareness. This enables you to communicate more clearly, to reflect on difficult issues, and to let go of outmoded behaviors that do not further your deeper needs.
(510) 756-2113 View (510) 756-2113
Photo of Jenny Hislop, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Jenny Hislop
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
I help people come home to themselves. Life's challenges can leave us questioning our intuition and values and impact our self-worth, relationships, and well-being. Perhaps this is due to a difficult upbringing, perhaps due to trauma and loss, or it may be due to external stressors such as marginalization and oppression. I help clients to find their voice, re-discover self-trust, uncover inner wisdom, and cultivate strength and balance. Together we will explore your experiences, nurture inner resources, and identify and resolve destructive patterns that impact your relationships.
I help people come home to themselves. Life's challenges can leave us questioning our intuition and values and impact our self-worth, relationships, and well-being. Perhaps this is due to a difficult upbringing, perhaps due to trauma and loss, or it may be due to external stressors such as marginalization and oppression. I help clients to find their voice, re-discover self-trust, uncover inner wisdom, and cultivate strength and balance. Together we will explore your experiences, nurture inner resources, and identify and resolve destructive patterns that impact your relationships.
(805) 266-7273 View (805) 266-7273
Photo of Bill Burmester, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Bill Burmester
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94710
Waitlist for new clients
I have been in private practice as a psychotherapist in Berkeley since 1994, working with adults and teens individually and with couples and groups, on recovering from relationship and betrayal trauma. This trauma may manifest as recurring intrusive reminders of overwhelming and unresolved past experiences and as emotional / somatic distress in your present life. Or it may result from inadequate nurture and protection in childhood (attachment trauma). Often, both contribute to the need and desire for relief and a better life beyond trauma. Individualized trauma therapy addresses the need for a new relationship with your past.
I have been in private practice as a psychotherapist in Berkeley since 1994, working with adults and teens individually and with couples and groups, on recovering from relationship and betrayal trauma. This trauma may manifest as recurring intrusive reminders of overwhelming and unresolved past experiences and as emotional / somatic distress in your present life. Or it may result from inadequate nurture and protection in childhood (attachment trauma). Often, both contribute to the need and desire for relief and a better life beyond trauma. Individualized trauma therapy addresses the need for a new relationship with your past.
(510) 574-7508 View (510) 574-7508
Photo of Sara Grunstein, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Sara Grunstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
I work with children, adolescents and adults, helping to support them and to make meaning as they respond to life's challenges, such as childbirth, adoption, loss of a child, death of a family member, infertility, early childhood trauma, and other life transitions. In addition to working with adults and parents in individual therapy, I specialize in Child-Parent Psychotherapy, working with the dyad to develop a mutually satisfying and enriching relationship. I work individually with children and adolescents, including infants and fussy babies.
I work with children, adolescents and adults, helping to support them and to make meaning as they respond to life's challenges, such as childbirth, adoption, loss of a child, death of a family member, infertility, early childhood trauma, and other life transitions. In addition to working with adults and parents in individual therapy, I specialize in Child-Parent Psychotherapy, working with the dyad to develop a mutually satisfying and enriching relationship. I work individually with children and adolescents, including infants and fussy babies.
(510) 661-3094 View (510) 661-3094
Photo of Niko Whitmire, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Niko Whitmire
Psychologist, PsyD, MFA
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
Creativity can be foundational to positive and longstanding change. We come into the world with an innate skill to solve the many problems that arise during development. Sometimes these solutions bring up new challenges or get in the way of our relationships and our ability to enjoy life. I work with children, adults, elders, and couples who are struggling to adapt to a stressful world. By developing a trusting relationship where exploration is welcomed and analyzed, we are able to find new ways of functioning, new solutions to our interpersonal conflicts, and improve our ability to flexibly adapt to our changing world.
Creativity can be foundational to positive and longstanding change. We come into the world with an innate skill to solve the many problems that arise during development. Sometimes these solutions bring up new challenges or get in the way of our relationships and our ability to enjoy life. I work with children, adults, elders, and couples who are struggling to adapt to a stressful world. By developing a trusting relationship where exploration is welcomed and analyzed, we are able to find new ways of functioning, new solutions to our interpersonal conflicts, and improve our ability to flexibly adapt to our changing world.
(628) 300-3707 View (628) 300-3707
Photo of Johanna M Murphy, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Johanna M Murphy
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
I believe in taking a developmental approach to understanding the root causes of your difficulties (understanding patterns over time) and then addressing the problem within the given context of your life. I facilitate a deep inquiry into what has blocked the healing process and help people to recognize how to create the life they desire. I believe in the innate resilience of all people to heal if given the space and time. All of my training and clinical experience inform my work and allow me to use an integrative style that is adapted to the individual needs of each client.
I believe in taking a developmental approach to understanding the root causes of your difficulties (understanding patterns over time) and then addressing the problem within the given context of your life. I facilitate a deep inquiry into what has blocked the healing process and help people to recognize how to create the life they desire. I believe in the innate resilience of all people to heal if given the space and time. All of my training and clinical experience inform my work and allow me to use an integrative style that is adapted to the individual needs of each client.
(510) 344-2602 View (510) 344-2602
Photo of Barbara Hooks, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Barbara Hooks
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
I believe that therapy can be a catalyst not only for insight, but also for transformation. Life can be challenging, and at times, despite our best efforts we can feel stuck or lost. I strive to provide a calm and compassionate space where you can get in touch with what matters most to you, and use that as a guide to making changes in your life. I offer specific strategies and tools to help you change your relationship to difficult thoughts and feelings, and work collaboratively with you to take steps toward a life that is full of vitality and personal fulfillment. My style is warm and genuine, interactive, and culturally-sensitive.
I believe that therapy can be a catalyst not only for insight, but also for transformation. Life can be challenging, and at times, despite our best efforts we can feel stuck or lost. I strive to provide a calm and compassionate space where you can get in touch with what matters most to you, and use that as a guide to making changes in your life. I offer specific strategies and tools to help you change your relationship to difficult thoughts and feelings, and work collaboratively with you to take steps toward a life that is full of vitality and personal fulfillment. My style is warm and genuine, interactive, and culturally-sensitive.
(530) 250-4129 View (530) 250-4129
Photo of Brittan Chow, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Brittan Chow
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
I work with clients of all ages to find a unique path through the difficulties they are seeking help with and in their efforts to live fully. My approach is relational, depth-oriented, playful, and based in compassion. Psychotherapy can be a deeply personal and enlivening process, through which you may notice an emerging sense of self and find greater internal freedom. With adults, this involves creating a space where you feel recognized, understood, and safe enough to explore the depths and complexity of your emotional experiences as well as the forces (internal and external) impacting the areas of life most concerning to you now.
I work with clients of all ages to find a unique path through the difficulties they are seeking help with and in their efforts to live fully. My approach is relational, depth-oriented, playful, and based in compassion. Psychotherapy can be a deeply personal and enlivening process, through which you may notice an emerging sense of self and find greater internal freedom. With adults, this involves creating a space where you feel recognized, understood, and safe enough to explore the depths and complexity of your emotional experiences as well as the forces (internal and external) impacting the areas of life most concerning to you now.
(510) 983-7410 View (510) 983-7410
Photo of Renee Chen, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Berkeley, CA
Renee Chen
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
Something is calling, beckoning you to go on an adventure. You may feel resistant towards it, receptive, ambivalent, or stuck. You may feel all, some, or none of these things, but you feel pulled by the current of something greater—a longing, a curiosity perhaps, for something different, for wholeness, for a chance to know yourself. You can think of me as a companion accompanying you on your journey. I listen—concretely and symbolically—to stories told/untold, what's said/not said, what's felt/not felt, what's remembered/what's been forgotten. I use presence, honesty, and playfulness to both support and challenge you.
Something is calling, beckoning you to go on an adventure. You may feel resistant towards it, receptive, ambivalent, or stuck. You may feel all, some, or none of these things, but you feel pulled by the current of something greater—a longing, a curiosity perhaps, for something different, for wholeness, for a chance to know yourself. You can think of me as a companion accompanying you on your journey. I listen—concretely and symbolically—to stories told/untold, what's said/not said, what's felt/not felt, what's remembered/what's been forgotten. I use presence, honesty, and playfulness to both support and challenge you.
(415) 236-5161 View (415) 236-5161

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Berkeley, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in Berkeley, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
72% Grief
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Aetna
38% Cigna and Evernorth
38% Other

How Therapists in Berkeley, CA see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Berkeley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.