Therapists in Oakland, CA

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Photo of Eric Burns, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Eric Burns
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
Your mental health is very important. Whether you are struggling with a new problem or one that has been ongoing, an emotional problem or a biochemical one, or even relationship challenges, getting support can make a world of difference. Establishing a safe environment to talk and building a trusting relationship is essential in building a therapeutic relationship. I provide a warm and caring environment for you to trust and share intimate thoughts and feelings, including at times, conflicting thoughts, anxious feelings, depressed mood, and traumatic events.
Your mental health is very important. Whether you are struggling with a new problem or one that has been ongoing, an emotional problem or a biochemical one, or even relationship challenges, getting support can make a world of difference. Establishing a safe environment to talk and building a trusting relationship is essential in building a therapeutic relationship. I provide a warm and caring environment for you to trust and share intimate thoughts and feelings, including at times, conflicting thoughts, anxious feelings, depressed mood, and traumatic events.
(510) 214-4236 View (510) 214-4236
Photo of Barb McClung, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Barb McClung
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94606
Dear potential Client, Congratulations on making it this far! Choosing therapy is difficult and even more is taking steps to actually meet with a therapist. I have made this journey myself and found lots of reasons to procrastinate making "the call". If you choose to move forward and contact me, I am happy to consult with you about what you're looking for and how I can support you.
Dear potential Client, Congratulations on making it this far! Choosing therapy is difficult and even more is taking steps to actually meet with a therapist. I have made this journey myself and found lots of reasons to procrastinate making "the call". If you choose to move forward and contact me, I am happy to consult with you about what you're looking for and how I can support you.
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Photo of Social Anxiety Support Center, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Social Anxiety Support Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, RDT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
Hello, fellow introvert! Do you ever find yourself thinking, “no one likes me!” or “what’s wrong with me?" Does shyness keep you from confidently connecting with friends, romantic partners, and colleagues? Perhaps you know deep down that you'd be happier if you had more authentic relationships, but avoiding people (and therefore rejection) feels, well…safer. If so, you may be struggling with social anxiety. You probably feel like you never received the "How to Not Be an Awkward Human" manual. Well, good news - we've helped hundreds of shy individuals like you build confidence and develop deep, meaningful relationships.
Hello, fellow introvert! Do you ever find yourself thinking, “no one likes me!” or “what’s wrong with me?" Does shyness keep you from confidently connecting with friends, romantic partners, and colleagues? Perhaps you know deep down that you'd be happier if you had more authentic relationships, but avoiding people (and therefore rejection) feels, well…safer. If so, you may be struggling with social anxiety. You probably feel like you never received the "How to Not Be an Awkward Human" manual. Well, good news - we've helped hundreds of shy individuals like you build confidence and develop deep, meaningful relationships.
(415) 969-6022 View (415) 969-6022
Photo of Anna C Murray, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Anna C Murray
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94605
My work with every is client rooted in their natural strengths and tailored to their needs and experiences. You are the expert of your experience. I hold space to make meaning out of your thoughts, feeling and experiences. I believe that everyone possesses the tools to empower you in the next step of your healing journey. I simply help you to access those tools.
My work with every is client rooted in their natural strengths and tailored to their needs and experiences. You are the expert of your experience. I hold space to make meaning out of your thoughts, feeling and experiences. I believe that everyone possesses the tools to empower you in the next step of your healing journey. I simply help you to access those tools.
(510) 214-4165 View (510) 214-4165
Photo of Steven Herrmann, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Steven Herrmann
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Jungian Analyst Steven Herrmann, Ph.D., MFT, Montclair, Oakland, California. Are you looking to find ways to make changes in order to live a more satisfying and meaningful life? Are you finding yourself in repetitive patterns that are no longer working for you? Then I may be of assistance to you. I bring an in-depth approach that builds on your strengths and aims to untangle the roots to what is causing problems. This may lead to a reduction in painful symptoms, an opening of vocational possibilities, a newly found sense of joy, and to the transformation of your personality. Please feel free to visit my website at stevenherrmann.com
Jungian Analyst Steven Herrmann, Ph.D., MFT, Montclair, Oakland, California. Are you looking to find ways to make changes in order to live a more satisfying and meaningful life? Are you finding yourself in repetitive patterns that are no longer working for you? Then I may be of assistance to you. I bring an in-depth approach that builds on your strengths and aims to untangle the roots to what is causing problems. This may lead to a reduction in painful symptoms, an opening of vocational possibilities, a newly found sense of joy, and to the transformation of your personality. Please feel free to visit my website at stevenherrmann.com
(510) 531-2534 View (510) 531-2534
Photo of Lauren Trestler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Lauren Trestler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
I am a trauma-informed licensed clinical social worker with over eight years of experience treating clients with a wide range of symptoms and life experiences. I utilize acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and mindfulness-based interventions to support people as they build coping skills and work toward achieving their goals.
I am a trauma-informed licensed clinical social worker with over eight years of experience treating clients with a wide range of symptoms and life experiences. I utilize acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and mindfulness-based interventions to support people as they build coping skills and work toward achieving their goals.
(415) 903-9874 View (415) 903-9874
Photo of Lyca Sedaka, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Lyca Sedaka
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
Do you find yourself frequently frustrated and overwhelmed by tasks that appear effortless to others? Have you ever felt like you're constantly falling short of meeting the expectations and needs of those around you? Or do you have a thriving career but struggle to keep up with other areas of life? The ADHD mind is different in both frustrating and wonderful ways. Understanding these traits, along with your own unique strengths and challenges, is the key to unlocking the full life you desire.
Do you find yourself frequently frustrated and overwhelmed by tasks that appear effortless to others? Have you ever felt like you're constantly falling short of meeting the expectations and needs of those around you? Or do you have a thriving career but struggle to keep up with other areas of life? The ADHD mind is different in both frustrating and wonderful ways. Understanding these traits, along with your own unique strengths and challenges, is the key to unlocking the full life you desire.
(510) 319-2887 View (510) 319-2887
Photo of Tracy Chocholousek, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Tracy Chocholousek
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602  (Online Only)
I believe that the human spirit is oriented toward growth and expansion. My intention when working together is to serve as a collaborator, ally and accountability partner toward your highest good. To hold space for your whole self, to focus on resilience, and encourage you on your path toward living your best life. My work focuses on custom-crafting simple, evidence-based practices that can make a difference in your daily life - creative practices that will help decrease stress and anxiety, address trauma big and small, and foster better communication and relationships. These practices could range from guided visualization to CBT.
I believe that the human spirit is oriented toward growth and expansion. My intention when working together is to serve as a collaborator, ally and accountability partner toward your highest good. To hold space for your whole self, to focus on resilience, and encourage you on your path toward living your best life. My work focuses on custom-crafting simple, evidence-based practices that can make a difference in your daily life - creative practices that will help decrease stress and anxiety, address trauma big and small, and foster better communication and relationships. These practices could range from guided visualization to CBT.
(510) 561-2085 View (510) 561-2085
Photo of Alex Tipton, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Alex Tipton
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
I work with adults and teenagers who are looking to manage symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Trauma. I will be with you on the journey of healing to discovery, recovery, and connection to your true self. I also specialize in working with individuals experiencing life transition issues such as career/academic concerns and relationship stress. I approach therapy with a person-centered mindset to create as comfortable and welcoming an environment as I can. I believe the trust built between you and a therapist is one of the more powerful tools we as clinicians can offer, and I hope to garner that trust in my own practice.
I work with adults and teenagers who are looking to manage symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Trauma. I will be with you on the journey of healing to discovery, recovery, and connection to your true self. I also specialize in working with individuals experiencing life transition issues such as career/academic concerns and relationship stress. I approach therapy with a person-centered mindset to create as comfortable and welcoming an environment as I can. I believe the trust built between you and a therapist is one of the more powerful tools we as clinicians can offer, and I hope to garner that trust in my own practice.
(415) 322-5279 View (415) 322-5279
Photo of Quincy L Wilkins, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Quincy L Wilkins
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609
Life isn't always easy. Whether you're dealing with an existing challenge, a current stressful situation, or you're turning a page to start a new chapter of your life, I believe we all can benefit from someone helping us to manage these changes and transitions. My therapeutic goal is to help you better manage your life's challenges and to provide you with tools and strategies to achieve your personal goals.
Life isn't always easy. Whether you're dealing with an existing challenge, a current stressful situation, or you're turning a page to start a new chapter of your life, I believe we all can benefit from someone helping us to manage these changes and transitions. My therapeutic goal is to help you better manage your life's challenges and to provide you with tools and strategies to achieve your personal goals.
(510) 900-8769 View (510) 900-8769
Photo of Jacqueline Ong, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Jacqueline Ong
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
Are you feeling stressed, stuck, or even stunned by all that is happening in the world today? Perhaps you’ve experienced a change in relationship, upsetting news or trauma, and it’s taking all your energy to do activities that were once routine. Or maybe life is going as planned, but something’s missing and you’re wondering about the bigger picture. In these moments, finding a professional who wants to understand your point of view and help you find a way forward can make a huge difference. I can help you learn cutting-edge skills to reduce anxiety and depression, improve relationships and live a more joyful and satisfying life.
Are you feeling stressed, stuck, or even stunned by all that is happening in the world today? Perhaps you’ve experienced a change in relationship, upsetting news or trauma, and it’s taking all your energy to do activities that were once routine. Or maybe life is going as planned, but something’s missing and you’re wondering about the bigger picture. In these moments, finding a professional who wants to understand your point of view and help you find a way forward can make a huge difference. I can help you learn cutting-edge skills to reduce anxiety and depression, improve relationships and live a more joyful and satisfying life.
(510) 939-7414 View (510) 939-7414
Photo of Lucy Jite-Ogbuehi, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Lucy Jite-Ogbuehi
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94605
Lucy Jite-Ogbuehi, PsyD is a licensed clinical psychologist (PSY3392) based in California. She uses a client-centered/multicultural lens to inform treatment and creates a safe emotional space to explore identity, relationships, life issues, and emotional release, while simultaneously maintaining an open and attentive stance, and using active and reflective listening to allow each individual the opportunity to achieve healing within the therapeutic process.
Lucy Jite-Ogbuehi, PsyD is a licensed clinical psychologist (PSY3392) based in California. She uses a client-centered/multicultural lens to inform treatment and creates a safe emotional space to explore identity, relationships, life issues, and emotional release, while simultaneously maintaining an open and attentive stance, and using active and reflective listening to allow each individual the opportunity to achieve healing within the therapeutic process.
(510) 983-4459 View (510) 983-4459
Photo of Vivian Dent, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Vivian Dent
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
Not accepting new clients
I'll help you explore your feelings and relationships. Together, we'll work to discover what really matters to you and how you can live your life more fully and happily. Depression, anxiety, painful entanglements, and the lingering effects of damaging experiences sap life of its joy. I have wide experience treating these problems and helping people improve their relationships, work lives, and sense of self.
I'll help you explore your feelings and relationships. Together, we'll work to discover what really matters to you and how you can live your life more fully and happily. Depression, anxiety, painful entanglements, and the lingering effects of damaging experiences sap life of its joy. I have wide experience treating these problems and helping people improve their relationships, work lives, and sense of self.
(415) 673-2747 View (415) 673-2747
Photo of Tim Henry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Tim Henry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609
Who is driving you crazy? Your partner, your boss, your teacher, your mother? Are you feeling overwhelmed, trapped, unsatisfied? Would you like to be more assertive, establish stronger boundaries & have more satisfying relationships? Would you like to remove obstacles that are preventing you from achieving your dreams? I want to help you develop life-long patterns to sustain a richer, more gratifying life. I specialize in working with adults going through transitions relating to work, school & relationships. I love working with intelligent, creative, motivated & insightful clients.
Who is driving you crazy? Your partner, your boss, your teacher, your mother? Are you feeling overwhelmed, trapped, unsatisfied? Would you like to be more assertive, establish stronger boundaries & have more satisfying relationships? Would you like to remove obstacles that are preventing you from achieving your dreams? I want to help you develop life-long patterns to sustain a richer, more gratifying life. I specialize in working with adults going through transitions relating to work, school & relationships. I love working with intelligent, creative, motivated & insightful clients.
(510) 878-4379 View (510) 878-4379
Photo of Marcie Rubel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Marcie Rubel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
If you could change one thing about your life, what would make you happier? Maybe it would be making your relationships with others more satisfying or reducing your anxiety or depression. In individual therapy I help create a safe space to step back and observe your own emotions, beliefs, and patterns of relating to others. My approach is supportive, understanding, non-judgmental but also practical, honest and helpful in finding new solutions and ways to work through difficulties and problems.
If you could change one thing about your life, what would make you happier? Maybe it would be making your relationships with others more satisfying or reducing your anxiety or depression. In individual therapy I help create a safe space to step back and observe your own emotions, beliefs, and patterns of relating to others. My approach is supportive, understanding, non-judgmental but also practical, honest and helpful in finding new solutions and ways to work through difficulties and problems.
(510) 606-8580 View (510) 606-8580
Photo of Catherine Chan, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Catherine Chan
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94619  (Online Only)
Sometimes you know how you feel, and other times you don't. Sometimes others understand you, but a lot of times you feel misunderstood. Maybe you struggle to understand yourself and what's going on inside of you. I would be honored to partner with you to help you find words to narrate your experience, guide you towards a deeper understanding of your situation and yourself, and help you find healing and change through a safe and caring therapeutic relationship.
Sometimes you know how you feel, and other times you don't. Sometimes others understand you, but a lot of times you feel misunderstood. Maybe you struggle to understand yourself and what's going on inside of you. I would be honored to partner with you to help you find words to narrate your experience, guide you towards a deeper understanding of your situation and yourself, and help you find healing and change through a safe and caring therapeutic relationship.
(510) 405-9842 View (510) 405-9842
Photo of Dr. David Shepard, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Dr. David Shepard
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
I enjoy working with adults who want to live a more fulfilling life. When it comes to therapy, I like to meet people where they are at, utilizing evidence-based practices, and tailoring therapy to each individual with respect to their cultural backgrounds, and the intersecting identities that they bring into the therapeutic relationship. I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist based in California, and I work with people statewide via telehealth. I am also a Certified Sex Therapy Informed Professional and a Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional. Learn more at therapywithdrdavid.com
I enjoy working with adults who want to live a more fulfilling life. When it comes to therapy, I like to meet people where they are at, utilizing evidence-based practices, and tailoring therapy to each individual with respect to their cultural backgrounds, and the intersecting identities that they bring into the therapeutic relationship. I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist based in California, and I work with people statewide via telehealth. I am also a Certified Sex Therapy Informed Professional and a Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional. Learn more at therapywithdrdavid.com
(510) 949-3878 View (510) 949-3878
Photo of David Trexler Gatta, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
David Trexler Gatta
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
You are always becoming the person that you are. My approach to depth psychotherapy starts from this premise. Who a person is and how they come to understand themselves is an on-going life-long process. There are times in life when that process is disrupted and as a consequence, we suffer—struggling to locate ourselves and find our way forward. That suffering is best alleviated through collaborative understanding and insight building. In this way, my approach is a holistic one—as I see each individual as a sum of their total life experiences rather than a collection of symptoms.
You are always becoming the person that you are. My approach to depth psychotherapy starts from this premise. Who a person is and how they come to understand themselves is an on-going life-long process. There are times in life when that process is disrupted and as a consequence, we suffer—struggling to locate ourselves and find our way forward. That suffering is best alleviated through collaborative understanding and insight building. In this way, my approach is a holistic one—as I see each individual as a sum of their total life experiences rather than a collection of symptoms.
(510) 256-7766 View (510) 256-7766
Photo of Bay Area Dating Coach, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Bay Area Dating Coach
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, RDT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
Dating can be scary. Because when you’re looking for real love (not just a fling), dating matters, and that can make it stressful. Add to that being an introvert and struggling with anxiety, and it can feel like a lonely battle! Thankfully, you don’t need to go through this alone. At Bay Area Dating Coach, our team of experienced, caring therapists want to support you and help you find your Person. We're here to help you discover what’s holding you back in dating and get the tools you need to find love. We’ll guide & support you in your journey to understand yourself and find the loving relationship you’re dreaming about.
Dating can be scary. Because when you’re looking for real love (not just a fling), dating matters, and that can make it stressful. Add to that being an introvert and struggling with anxiety, and it can feel like a lonely battle! Thankfully, you don’t need to go through this alone. At Bay Area Dating Coach, our team of experienced, caring therapists want to support you and help you find your Person. We're here to help you discover what’s holding you back in dating and get the tools you need to find love. We’ll guide & support you in your journey to understand yourself and find the loving relationship you’re dreaming about.
(415) 650-1844 View (415) 650-1844
Photo of Diane Cohen, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Diane Cohen
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
I am a highly trained clinical and consulting psychologist working in the field of psychotherapy for 30 years. I specialize in psychodynamic psychotherapy and provide long term and brief counseling services. I am experienced with adults, adolescents, couples and families struggling with a variety of emotional issues. Specialties include relational psychology and a multi-dimensional approach to finding solutions to life's difficulties. Areas of expertise include; depression, anxiety, impostor syndrome, and adjustment to life-transitions. I have also done extensive work and research in addictions and eating disorders/body image.
I am a highly trained clinical and consulting psychologist working in the field of psychotherapy for 30 years. I specialize in psychodynamic psychotherapy and provide long term and brief counseling services. I am experienced with adults, adolescents, couples and families struggling with a variety of emotional issues. Specialties include relational psychology and a multi-dimensional approach to finding solutions to life's difficulties. Areas of expertise include; depression, anxiety, impostor syndrome, and adjustment to life-transitions. I have also done extensive work and research in addictions and eating disorders/body image.
(510) 573-7108 View (510) 573-7108

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

59% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.