Sexual Abuse Therapists in Sunnyside, NY

Photo of Abbie Loveland Tuller, Counselor in Sunnyside, NY
Abbie Loveland Tuller
Counselor, PhD, LMHC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Sunnyside, NY 11104
I have specialized in addressing interpersonal traumas including childhood, domestic violence, and sexual assault.
The greatest discovery I have made in life is to embrace the unexpected, to crave the twists and turns as much as the great joys of life, and to lead with curiosity. Life can often feel scary, and we may face challenges that leave us feeling like there is nowhere to turn. If you find yourself feeling this way, you are not alone. Whether you are dealing with feelings of great sadness, anxiousness that feels uncontrollable, or struggling to move past an event in your life you have turned to the right place. Seeking therapy can lead to a greater understanding of yourself, the world around you, and the person you want to be.
I have specialized in addressing interpersonal traumas including childhood, domestic violence, and sexual assault.
The greatest discovery I have made in life is to embrace the unexpected, to crave the twists and turns as much as the great joys of life, and to lead with curiosity. Life can often feel scary, and we may face challenges that leave us feeling like there is nowhere to turn. If you find yourself feeling this way, you are not alone. Whether you are dealing with feelings of great sadness, anxiousness that feels uncontrollable, or struggling to move past an event in your life you have turned to the right place. Seeking therapy can lead to a greater understanding of yourself, the world around you, and the person you want to be.
(917) 512-5866 View (917) 512-5866
Photo of Brad Vien, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sunnyside, NY
Brad Vien
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MDiv, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sunnyside, NY 11104  (Online Only)
Feeling depressed? Struggling with anxiety? Having relationship problems? Feeling bad about yourself, like you don’t measure up or that you’re not good enough? Not even sure what’s wrong, but just feel like something is “off”? I can help. I specialize in providing evidence-based psychotherapy for depression, anxiety, relationship issues, low self-esteem, and trauma. My therapy style is warm and empathic while also being active and engaged. I strive to create a safe and non-judgmental environment in which you can feel heard and understood while working through your therapy at a pace that is comfortable for you.
Feeling depressed? Struggling with anxiety? Having relationship problems? Feeling bad about yourself, like you don’t measure up or that you’re not good enough? Not even sure what’s wrong, but just feel like something is “off”? I can help. I specialize in providing evidence-based psychotherapy for depression, anxiety, relationship issues, low self-esteem, and trauma. My therapy style is warm and empathic while also being active and engaged. I strive to create a safe and non-judgmental environment in which you can feel heard and understood while working through your therapy at a pace that is comfortable for you.
(332) 263-4077 View (332) 263-4077
Photo of Nicole Sanchez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sunnyside, NY
Nicole Sanchez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Sunnyside, NY 11104  (Online Only)
I specialize in providing integrated EMDR to LGBTQ+ youth and adults, who are struggling with complex trauma and feeling disturbed by painful past experiences. They most often feel like they are a burden, incompetent or often find themselves endlessly ruminating over worst case scenarios. Therapy is initiated when they realize that they are ready to stop spiraling and begin experiencing a sense of grounding and connection. There has been an acknowledgement that they do not have to stay stuck. Their desire to feel confident, secure, and live authentically outweighs the fear to work through their pain.
I specialize in providing integrated EMDR to LGBTQ+ youth and adults, who are struggling with complex trauma and feeling disturbed by painful past experiences. They most often feel like they are a burden, incompetent or often find themselves endlessly ruminating over worst case scenarios. Therapy is initiated when they realize that they are ready to stop spiraling and begin experiencing a sense of grounding and connection. There has been an acknowledgement that they do not have to stay stuck. Their desire to feel confident, secure, and live authentically outweighs the fear to work through their pain.
(646) 762-9341 View (646) 762-9341
Photo of Anne T. Rufrano, Counselor in Sunnyside, NY
Anne T. Rufrano
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sunnyside, NY 11104
You must be exhausted from life's many challenges and confusion about the state of your life. I am available to help you navigate and bring meaning to your life by listening and validating your feelings as well as providing compassion and support to do the hard work necessary for wellness. Each day is a new present, but traumas from our family origins may prevent us from moving forward. I will work patiently with you to set goals in therapy and work through loss and trauma.
You must be exhausted from life's many challenges and confusion about the state of your life. I am available to help you navigate and bring meaning to your life by listening and validating your feelings as well as providing compassion and support to do the hard work necessary for wellness. Each day is a new present, but traumas from our family origins may prevent us from moving forward. I will work patiently with you to set goals in therapy and work through loss and trauma.
(917) 809-5641 View (917) 809-5641
Photo of Jessenia Ramirez, Mental Health Counselor in Sunnyside, NY
Jessenia Ramirez
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Sunnyside, NY 11104  (Online Only)
Jessenia Ramirez founded Capaz Counseling and serves as a Latina Licensed Mental Health Counselor specializing in Attachment and Trauma Therapy, a clinical supervisor, and a consultant. Having worked across hospital, non-profit, and school-based mental health clinic settings, she brings a wealth of experience in guiding adults, children, and families on a path of attunement and embodied relationships, and varying professionals in identifying and developing their skills.
Jessenia Ramirez founded Capaz Counseling and serves as a Latina Licensed Mental Health Counselor specializing in Attachment and Trauma Therapy, a clinical supervisor, and a consultant. Having worked across hospital, non-profit, and school-based mental health clinic settings, she brings a wealth of experience in guiding adults, children, and families on a path of attunement and embodied relationships, and varying professionals in identifying and developing their skills.
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Photo of Carlos Gustavo Haber, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sunnyside, NY
Carlos Gustavo Haber
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sunnyside, NY 11104  (Online Only)
With over twenty years of experience in a practice focusing primarily on personal issues and improving relationships, I provide individual, couple, and family therapy, including treatment for depression, anxiety, ADHD, and ODD, and I help patients work through a variety of other issues: grief and mourning, family/relationship conflicts, issues around adoption, sexuality and coming out, autism, mood disorders. I work with patients ranging in age from children (as young as 6) to teens to adults, all in a comfortable therapeutic setting. Most of all, I believe in helping my patients achieve a fulfilling sense of self and of life.
With over twenty years of experience in a practice focusing primarily on personal issues and improving relationships, I provide individual, couple, and family therapy, including treatment for depression, anxiety, ADHD, and ODD, and I help patients work through a variety of other issues: grief and mourning, family/relationship conflicts, issues around adoption, sexuality and coming out, autism, mood disorders. I work with patients ranging in age from children (as young as 6) to teens to adults, all in a comfortable therapeutic setting. Most of all, I believe in helping my patients achieve a fulfilling sense of self and of life.
(646) 783-1578 View (646) 783-1578
Photo of Frances Berberena, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sunnyside, NY
Frances Berberena
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sunnyside, NY 11104  (Online Only)
Are you finding difficulty leaving a toxic relationship whether it be with your partner, family members, friends or your boss? Are you feeling powerless to change your situation? Is your constant need for the approval of others affecting your self-esteem? Are you becoming depressed and/or anxious as a result? Have you fallen hostage to discouraging fears and insecurities? Seeking support in order to regain emotional and mental health is the first step in taking back control. I can help you on this journey.
Are you finding difficulty leaving a toxic relationship whether it be with your partner, family members, friends or your boss? Are you feeling powerless to change your situation? Is your constant need for the approval of others affecting your self-esteem? Are you becoming depressed and/or anxious as a result? Have you fallen hostage to discouraging fears and insecurities? Seeking support in order to regain emotional and mental health is the first step in taking back control. I can help you on this journey.
(646) 362-5069 View (646) 362-5069
Photo of Elizabeth DeAngelis, Counselor in Sunnyside, NY
Elizabeth DeAngelis DeAngelis
Counselor, LMHC, EdM, MA
Verified Verified
Sunnyside, NY 11104  (Online Only)
My name is Elizabeth DeAngelis and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in NYC. I earned my Ed.M at Columbia University in mental health counseling. I also received an MA in psychology and religion at Union Theological Seminary. At Union I received specialized training about clients' existential/spiritual concerns. My goal is to offer clients a safe space to process emotions without judgment. I want to help clients explore their past and present stressors to overcome blockages in life. I work with client's to explore their past attachment patterns and traumas to help address current relational patterns affecting their lives
My name is Elizabeth DeAngelis and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in NYC. I earned my Ed.M at Columbia University in mental health counseling. I also received an MA in psychology and religion at Union Theological Seminary. At Union I received specialized training about clients' existential/spiritual concerns. My goal is to offer clients a safe space to process emotions without judgment. I want to help clients explore their past and present stressors to overcome blockages in life. I work with client's to explore their past attachment patterns and traumas to help address current relational patterns affecting their lives
(332) 249-8305 View (332) 249-8305
Photo of Neal Santacruz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sunnyside, NY
Neal Santacruz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, r
Verified Verified
Sunnyside, NY 11104
You are unique. Using a client-centered approach, I work with your individual needs and focus for therapy. Sometimes a person may seek change in their lives or want to process their unresolved experiences and understand themselves better. Whether you are sad about the past or worried about the future, I am well versed in multiple therapeutic modalities to be able to help.
You are unique. Using a client-centered approach, I work with your individual needs and focus for therapy. Sometimes a person may seek change in their lives or want to process their unresolved experiences and understand themselves better. Whether you are sad about the past or worried about the future, I am well versed in multiple therapeutic modalities to be able to help.
(917) 765-0047 View (917) 765-0047
Photo of Diana Michelena, Counselor in Sunnyside, NY
Diana Michelena
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Sunnyside, NY 11104  (Online Only)
Are you looking for a safe place to freely express yourself, heal, connect, and find joy again? Maybe you are a teen striving to see yourself more clearly and embrace your most authentic self, or perhaps someone seeking to reduce your pain and suffering, and grow past the trauma. You may be a young adult aiming to establish intimate, genuine and real relationships, or a caring parent wishing to reconnect with yourself and your child. If any of these resonate with you, I am so happy you're here. I am Diana and I provide trauma and self-esteem therapy to teens, young adults and parents.
Are you looking for a safe place to freely express yourself, heal, connect, and find joy again? Maybe you are a teen striving to see yourself more clearly and embrace your most authentic self, or perhaps someone seeking to reduce your pain and suffering, and grow past the trauma. You may be a young adult aiming to establish intimate, genuine and real relationships, or a caring parent wishing to reconnect with yourself and your child. If any of these resonate with you, I am so happy you're here. I am Diana and I provide trauma and self-esteem therapy to teens, young adults and parents.
(332) 895-1771 View (332) 895-1771
Photo of Mind in Motion Psychological Services, Psychologist in Sunnyside, NY
Mind in Motion Psychological Services
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Sunnyside, NY 11104
Do you ask yourself: Why do I keep drowning in the silence of my pain, fearing judgment, when screaming for help could be my lifeline? If so, it might be time to schedule a therapy session. Depression and anxiety present pervasive challenges impacting daily life. Individuals with depression experience persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in once-enjoyable activities. Anxiety manifests as excessive worry, fear, and heightened stress. It’s up to you to learn to understand yourself, acquire tools and skills needed to overcome fear of judgment, loneliness, or self-doubt.
Do you ask yourself: Why do I keep drowning in the silence of my pain, fearing judgment, when screaming for help could be my lifeline? If so, it might be time to schedule a therapy session. Depression and anxiety present pervasive challenges impacting daily life. Individuals with depression experience persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in once-enjoyable activities. Anxiety manifests as excessive worry, fear, and heightened stress. It’s up to you to learn to understand yourself, acquire tools and skills needed to overcome fear of judgment, loneliness, or self-doubt.
(646) 969-9035 View (646) 969-9035
Photo of Elaine Abramovich, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sunnyside, NY
Elaine Abramovich
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sunnyside, NY 11104
As a psychotherapist and healer for many years it has been my privilege to offer and provide help and comfort to people in distress. Experience has taught me that we all struggle to recover from the pains of the past, deal with the challenges of the present and the insecurities of the future, in our efforts to live the best lives that we can. This often seems very difficult if not impossible to accomplish alone. A strong and nurturing therapeutic relationship is a powerful and stable foundation for dealing with these challenges to our well-being, especially in these very troubling and uncertain times.
As a psychotherapist and healer for many years it has been my privilege to offer and provide help and comfort to people in distress. Experience has taught me that we all struggle to recover from the pains of the past, deal with the challenges of the present and the insecurities of the future, in our efforts to live the best lives that we can. This often seems very difficult if not impossible to accomplish alone. A strong and nurturing therapeutic relationship is a powerful and stable foundation for dealing with these challenges to our well-being, especially in these very troubling and uncertain times.
(516) 701-3271 View (516) 701-3271
Photo of Jean Carlos Osorio Lcsw-Cdbt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sunnyside, NY
Jean Carlos Osorio Lcsw-Cdbt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CDBT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Sunnyside, NY 11104
HABLO ESPANOL. In complaince with NYS safety guidelines, sessions are avaliable TELEHEALTH and/or face to face (safety meassures in place). I am Hispanic-Pronouns (He/His/Him) Male Social Worker with over 12 years of experienced and specialize in trauma/abuse, unresolved childhood issues, LGBTQI-gender concerns and PTSD. My approach is based on a combination of theories from unresolved childhood traumas (psycho-dymanic) to "here and now" approach; Client-center approach and empowered clients to make their own desicions in life. I utilize humor and strength perspective to creat client autonomy.
HABLO ESPANOL. In complaince with NYS safety guidelines, sessions are avaliable TELEHEALTH and/or face to face (safety meassures in place). I am Hispanic-Pronouns (He/His/Him) Male Social Worker with over 12 years of experienced and specialize in trauma/abuse, unresolved childhood issues, LGBTQI-gender concerns and PTSD. My approach is based on a combination of theories from unresolved childhood traumas (psycho-dymanic) to "here and now" approach; Client-center approach and empowered clients to make their own desicions in life. I utilize humor and strength perspective to creat client autonomy.
(347) 934-8209 View (347) 934-8209
Photo of Jennifer Somin, Counselor in Sunnyside, NY
Jennifer Somin
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sunnyside, NY 11104  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
There are many things in our lives that we can’t control which can lead to mismanaged expectations, anxiety and general unhappiness. However, if we can learn to accept what we can’t change while finding our power, direction and motivation to control what we can change, we can find a better sense of peace. My role as a counselor is to provide a safe, non-judgmental space to explore the many intricate complexities of your life and mental health and help you develop coping skills. I am a hands on, person-centered counselor who enjoys working with individuals of all ages to navigate life’s challenges.
There are many things in our lives that we can’t control which can lead to mismanaged expectations, anxiety and general unhappiness. However, if we can learn to accept what we can’t change while finding our power, direction and motivation to control what we can change, we can find a better sense of peace. My role as a counselor is to provide a safe, non-judgmental space to explore the many intricate complexities of your life and mental health and help you develop coping skills. I am a hands on, person-centered counselor who enjoys working with individuals of all ages to navigate life’s challenges.
(914) 996-4399 View (914) 996-4399
Photo of Minds Together, LCSW PC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sunnyside, NY
Minds Together, LCSW PC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, CDBT, SIFI
Verified Verified
Sunnyside, NY 11104
Minds Together, LCSW.PC. is a private group practice. Our mission is to improve our community one individual at a time through our culturally diverse and motivated clinicians with the hope that every person seeking treatment with us feels safe, empowered and most important treated as an individual and not as a patient. Minds Together, LCSW. P.C. offers a range of unique services in a safe and nonjudgmental setting for any one seeking therapy where their privacy and comfort is our number one priority. Locations: Astoria, Jackson Heights, and Forest Hills.
Minds Together, LCSW.PC. is a private group practice. Our mission is to improve our community one individual at a time through our culturally diverse and motivated clinicians with the hope that every person seeking treatment with us feels safe, empowered and most important treated as an individual and not as a patient. Minds Together, LCSW. P.C. offers a range of unique services in a safe and nonjudgmental setting for any one seeking therapy where their privacy and comfort is our number one priority. Locations: Astoria, Jackson Heights, and Forest Hills.
(929) 205-5342 View (929) 205-5342
Photo of Minds Together, LCSWs.PC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sunnyside, NY
Minds Together, LCSWs.PC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CDBT, SIFI
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Sunnyside, NY 11104
SE HABLA ESPAÑOL. DUE TO COVID19, SESSIONS ARE VIA TELEHEALTH. OFFICE VISITS WITH SAFETY PROTOCOLS (NYS GUIDELINES). Minds Together, LCSW.PC. provides a safe and unique setting dedicated in improving one's mental and emotional health through our professional and compassionate staff. Our mission is to improve our community one individual at a time through our culturally diverse and motivated clinicians with the hope that every person seeking treatment with us feels safe, empowered and most important treated as an individual and not as a patient.
SE HABLA ESPAÑOL. DUE TO COVID19, SESSIONS ARE VIA TELEHEALTH. OFFICE VISITS WITH SAFETY PROTOCOLS (NYS GUIDELINES). Minds Together, LCSW.PC. provides a safe and unique setting dedicated in improving one's mental and emotional health through our professional and compassionate staff. Our mission is to improve our community one individual at a time through our culturally diverse and motivated clinicians with the hope that every person seeking treatment with us feels safe, empowered and most important treated as an individual and not as a patient.
(917) 383-0308 View (917) 383-0308

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Jessica Hazard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sunnyside, NY
Jessica Hazard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brooklyn, NY 11222  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in working with young people with trauma or complex trauma, depression, anxiety, and panic attacks, and I have worked with many who have experienced sexual exploitation, sexual assault, intimate partner violence, and familial abuse.
I am a caring, eclectic, and nonjudgmental therapist who specializes in working with adolescents, ages 12-24. I come from a place of empowerment and am trained in CBT, DBT, talk therapy, motivational interviewing, and superhero therapy. I am also in the process of getting certified in TF-CBT. I start where the person I am working with is and get to know them! I try different things with clients and see what they like and don't like, and we go from there. I don't believe therapy is one-size-fits-all. I love helping young people work toward their goals and feel better about themselves!
I specialize in working with young people with trauma or complex trauma, depression, anxiety, and panic attacks, and I have worked with many who have experienced sexual exploitation, sexual assault, intimate partner violence, and familial abuse.
I am a caring, eclectic, and nonjudgmental therapist who specializes in working with adolescents, ages 12-24. I come from a place of empowerment and am trained in CBT, DBT, talk therapy, motivational interviewing, and superhero therapy. I am also in the process of getting certified in TF-CBT. I start where the person I am working with is and get to know them! I try different things with clients and see what they like and don't like, and we go from there. I don't believe therapy is one-size-fits-all. I love helping young people work toward their goals and feel better about themselves!
(347) 586-0529 View (347) 586-0529
Photo of Elizabeth J. Carroll, Psychologist in Sunnyside, NY
Elizabeth J. Carroll
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Astoria, NY 11103
Thank you for considering me as your therapist! I'm a warm and relational provider who specializes in working with emerging adults, high-achieving women, members of the LGBT+ community, anxiety and depression, a history of sexual abuse or sexual trauma, current or historical family conflict, and relationship exploration.
Thank you for considering me as your therapist! I'm a warm and relational provider who specializes in working with emerging adults, high-achieving women, members of the LGBT+ community, anxiety and depression, a history of sexual abuse or sexual trauma, current or historical family conflict, and relationship exploration.
(347) 427-9165 View (347) 427-9165
Photo of Antoinette Rodriguez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sunnyside, NY
Antoinette Rodriguez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, SFTT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10022
Previously, I worked part-time at an outpatient clinic for sexual assault and abuse survivors.
I work well with couples who are experiencing difficulties with communication, trust, violence, infidelity, divorce, and trauma. I am trained in EMDR and Focusing-Oriented therapy. In my work with individual clients, often the focus of therapy is helping with depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and sexual orientation and identity. I also have experience working with individuals and couples dealing with infertility and fertility treatments.
Previously, I worked part-time at an outpatient clinic for sexual assault and abuse survivors.
I work well with couples who are experiencing difficulties with communication, trust, violence, infidelity, divorce, and trauma. I am trained in EMDR and Focusing-Oriented therapy. In my work with individual clients, often the focus of therapy is helping with depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and sexual orientation and identity. I also have experience working with individuals and couples dealing with infertility and fertility treatments.
(646) 480-1874 View (646) 480-1874
Photo of Gwenn Lowe (Gideon), Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sunnyside, NY
Gwenn Lowe (Gideon)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10017
I specialize in working with those affected by interpersonal trauma, including intimate partner violence, family violence and sexual assault.
Reaching out for help can be challenging. If you are scrolling through this, that means you are contemplating doing just that, which is a difficult and positive first step. I understand and value the importance of finding the “right fit” for your therapy. My approach to therapy is warm, empathic, and strength-based. I am also an EMDR trained therapist. I work with children, adolescents and adults to create a safe and supportive environment where we can explore issues such as life transitions, relationship concerns, anxiety, depression, and how to cope with challenges.
I specialize in working with those affected by interpersonal trauma, including intimate partner violence, family violence and sexual assault.
Reaching out for help can be challenging. If you are scrolling through this, that means you are contemplating doing just that, which is a difficult and positive first step. I understand and value the importance of finding the “right fit” for your therapy. My approach to therapy is warm, empathic, and strength-based. I am also an EMDR trained therapist. I work with children, adolescents and adults to create a safe and supportive environment where we can explore issues such as life transitions, relationship concerns, anxiety, depression, and how to cope with challenges.
(917) 341-7692 View (917) 341-7692
Sexual Abuse Therapists

How do therapists treat sexual abuse?

A good therapist will be nonjudgmental and possibly demonstrate active listening, repeating back what the client says to show that they have understood. These skills allow people to feel comfortable discussing their traumatic experiences openly. Some important treatment goals are to restore a sense of safety and to rebuild confidence. In addition to working one-on-one with the patient, a therapist might bring in supportive family members to assist the client.

Do you have to talk extensively about sexual abuse in therapy?

Survivors frequently find it difficult to describe what happened to them out loud. They can even still be in a state of denial if the sexual abuse occurred recently. It is important for survivors to acknowledge that what happened isn’t their fault and to challenge and reappraise any unhealthy feelings or thoughts as they arise. Art therapy and play therapy are useful non-verbal means of communication for some survivors.

How long does treatment for sexual abuse take?

Recovery from sexual abuse can be a long and difficult process. Some survivors are able to move on naturally on their own, given time, while others require the guidance of a trained therapist. Therapy needs vary and can range from a few sessions to months or even years. Healing from sexual abuse takes time, and everyone’s journey will look a little different.

Can trauma symptoms caused by sexual abuse come back after treatment?

As occurs in many cases of trauma, survivors of sexual abuse may experience PTSD-like symptoms long after the abuse has ceased or after an initial round of treatment has occurred. In such a case, there is evidence that prolonged exposure therapy is a useful treatment for survivors, and may be more efficacious than supportive counseling alone. While triggers may continue to cause distress, the idea is that, with time and repeated exposure, their power will fade, allowing survivors to move on with their lives.