Therapists in Tucson, AZ

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Photo of Carol D Warner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Carol D Warner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85712
I work with a range of issues from substance abuse, stress, depression, couples issues, trauma and abuse, parent guidance issues and more. I have been in private practice for more than 25 years, working both short term and long term with a variety of clients. Therapy is not lightly undertaken. My job is to help you with the problems you bring to the table, and help you discover the answers that are hiding within you. I work in a warm client-centered, interactional style, and actively verbally engage in the process with you. I blend traditional techniques with modern.
I work with a range of issues from substance abuse, stress, depression, couples issues, trauma and abuse, parent guidance issues and more. I have been in private practice for more than 25 years, working both short term and long term with a variety of clients. Therapy is not lightly undertaken. My job is to help you with the problems you bring to the table, and help you discover the answers that are hiding within you. I work in a warm client-centered, interactional style, and actively verbally engage in the process with you. I blend traditional techniques with modern.
(520) 329-4065 View (520) 329-4065
Photo of Dawn Copps, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Dawn Copps
Counselor, LAC, SEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85718
Do you find yourself struggling with all the constant shifts in life these days, on top of any grief, stress, depression, trauma or anxiety that you could have already been experiencing? It is an unbelievably wild time of change in our world right now, which heightens and impacts underlying personal life/struggles. All of us need help at some point and maybe now is your time to settle into a powerful therapeutic relationship that can facilitate healing. Whether it’s challenging old thinking, lessening anxiety, or releasing old trauma, you can create a sense of peace and joy in your life.
Do you find yourself struggling with all the constant shifts in life these days, on top of any grief, stress, depression, trauma or anxiety that you could have already been experiencing? It is an unbelievably wild time of change in our world right now, which heightens and impacts underlying personal life/struggles. All of us need help at some point and maybe now is your time to settle into a powerful therapeutic relationship that can facilitate healing. Whether it’s challenging old thinking, lessening anxiety, or releasing old trauma, you can create a sense of peace and joy in your life.
(520) 376-8229 View (520) 376-8229
Photo of Mariel Enriquez, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Mariel Enriquez
Counselor, MA, LAC, NCC, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85747
Life doesn't always go the way we envisioned it would. Sometimes we can handle life's curveballs, but sometimes we need some guidance to do so. Whether relationships aren't going as planned, our job isn't as fulfilling as it was, communication in relationships isn't working, or something inside of us doesn't feel quite right, a therapist can help guide us through the issues that are keeping us from living the life we want. Therapy can help with a wide range of issues like trauma, anxiety, depression, career problems, family/relationship problems, communication issues, and many more. It's never too late to have the life we want!
Life doesn't always go the way we envisioned it would. Sometimes we can handle life's curveballs, but sometimes we need some guidance to do so. Whether relationships aren't going as planned, our job isn't as fulfilling as it was, communication in relationships isn't working, or something inside of us doesn't feel quite right, a therapist can help guide us through the issues that are keeping us from living the life we want. Therapy can help with a wide range of issues like trauma, anxiety, depression, career problems, family/relationship problems, communication issues, and many more. It's never too late to have the life we want!
(520) 457-5142 View (520) 457-5142
Photo of Karen M Rieter-Barrett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Karen M Rieter-Barrett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85712
Not accepting new clients
I am passionate about supporting individuals and families to feel empowered, fulfilled and happy. I have always told my kids that everyone has their own journey. I am from a large family that includes many various personalities, abilities and disabilities. We all have strengths and challenges. All of us need help at certain points along the way. There were a few key people who made a difference for me in my life and inspired me to do this work. I feel that my personal experience along with my professional training have allowed me to have unique insights in my practice.
I am passionate about supporting individuals and families to feel empowered, fulfilled and happy. I have always told my kids that everyone has their own journey. I am from a large family that includes many various personalities, abilities and disabilities. We all have strengths and challenges. All of us need help at certain points along the way. There were a few key people who made a difference for me in my life and inspired me to do this work. I feel that my personal experience along with my professional training have allowed me to have unique insights in my practice.
(520) 366-8568 View (520) 366-8568
Photo of Melissa 'Moe' Young, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Melissa 'Moe' Young
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85719
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in working with adolescents, young adults and families. To the young person: You are figuring yourself out, taking risks, and growing. Exactly what you are supposed to be doing! Challenges during this part of your life can make it tricky to feel confident about yourself and the way you relate to the world. You need a safe space to explore who you are and who you are becoming. This is how I can help you.
I specialize in working with adolescents, young adults and families. To the young person: You are figuring yourself out, taking risks, and growing. Exactly what you are supposed to be doing! Challenges during this part of your life can make it tricky to feel confident about yourself and the way you relate to the world. You need a safe space to explore who you are and who you are becoming. This is how I can help you.
(520) 254-0827 View (520) 254-0827
Photo of Carolyn Nordin Bushong, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Carolyn Nordin Bushong
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85742
I am Carolyn Bushong, LPC, a Licensed Therapist with 30+ years' experience. As a seasoned therapist with national recognition (Oprah, etc), I have helped countless people develop more satisfying and lasting relationships over the years. If you're single, I can help with online dating & teach you skills to make that deep connection you're looking for. If you're a couple, I will help you identify & resolve issues that will improve your relationship. If you're dealing with life's struggles, I can help you deal with crises & concerns, providing direction through personal therapy and/or life coaching-in person, by phone or video.
I am Carolyn Bushong, LPC, a Licensed Therapist with 30+ years' experience. As a seasoned therapist with national recognition (Oprah, etc), I have helped countless people develop more satisfying and lasting relationships over the years. If you're single, I can help with online dating & teach you skills to make that deep connection you're looking for. If you're a couple, I will help you identify & resolve issues that will improve your relationship. If you're dealing with life's struggles, I can help you deal with crises & concerns, providing direction through personal therapy and/or life coaching-in person, by phone or video.
(303) 333-1888 View (303) 333-1888
Photo of Linda Leiphart, Psychologist in Tucson, AZ
Linda Leiphart
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85704
I work with adolescents and adults, struggling with painful emotions, to create a more meaningful life, cope more effectively with stress and improve their relationships. You may be here because your life is feeling a bit out of control. You may be feeling depressed or anxious, possibly frustrated with emotions that change quickly. My approach begin with listening and developing a non-judgmental understanding of what brings you to therapy at this time in your life. We then work together on helping you move toward the life you want to be living.
I work with adolescents and adults, struggling with painful emotions, to create a more meaningful life, cope more effectively with stress and improve their relationships. You may be here because your life is feeling a bit out of control. You may be feeling depressed or anxious, possibly frustrated with emotions that change quickly. My approach begin with listening and developing a non-judgmental understanding of what brings you to therapy at this time in your life. We then work together on helping you move toward the life you want to be living.
(520) 219-7383 View (520) 219-7383
Photo of Sherrill Koogler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Sherrill Koogler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85704
Are you frustrated with your child’s behavior? Are you receiving phone calls from your child’s school? Is your child having difficulty regulating emotions and following directions? Both parents and children become frustrated and their relationship suffers. I use the language of play to connect with children and help them learn to express their needs in a safe manner. I specialize in working with children who have difficulty managing emotions and behavior at home and at school.
Are you frustrated with your child’s behavior? Are you receiving phone calls from your child’s school? Is your child having difficulty regulating emotions and following directions? Both parents and children become frustrated and their relationship suffers. I use the language of play to connect with children and help them learn to express their needs in a safe manner. I specialize in working with children who have difficulty managing emotions and behavior at home and at school.
(520) 462-8867 View (520) 462-8867
Photo of Jennifer M Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Jennifer M Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85756  (Online Only)
Welcome to a space of healing and growth. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a passion for helping adult individuals with navigating their journey through anxiety, depression, and trauma. I believe in creating a safe and non-judgmental space where clients can explore their thoughts and emotions, fostering self-discovery and personal growth.
Welcome to a space of healing and growth. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a passion for helping adult individuals with navigating their journey through anxiety, depression, and trauma. I believe in creating a safe and non-judgmental space where clients can explore their thoughts and emotions, fostering self-discovery and personal growth.
(520) 841-5822 View (520) 841-5822
Photo of Mary Kay Irving, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Mary Kay Irving
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85718
When you area ready to make big changes and get out of the rut you are stuck in, give me a call. I'm passionate about helping people move through and beyond their traumas, self defeating beliefs and habits to create the life and relationships they really want and deserve. Does any of this resonate? You sometimes feel like you are in the same old place, you know or suspect your past gets in the way of your happiness in the here and now. You know you're a good person and deserve better. You're intelligent and talented and now you are committed to creating a different and better life for yourself. Well, I'm here to help you.
When you area ready to make big changes and get out of the rut you are stuck in, give me a call. I'm passionate about helping people move through and beyond their traumas, self defeating beliefs and habits to create the life and relationships they really want and deserve. Does any of this resonate? You sometimes feel like you are in the same old place, you know or suspect your past gets in the way of your happiness in the here and now. You know you're a good person and deserve better. You're intelligent and talented and now you are committed to creating a different and better life for yourself. Well, I'm here to help you.
(520) 397-3332 View (520) 397-3332
Photo of Erika Huber, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Erika Huber
Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85704
My approach to therapy is to listen with a warm and empathic ear so that you can feel heard and begin to heal. I believe you have it within you to grow and change, and my role is to guide therapy and encourage you along the way. I will provide you with feedback and insight and consider myself to be a partner in your healing journey.
My approach to therapy is to listen with a warm and empathic ear so that you can feel heard and begin to heal. I believe you have it within you to grow and change, and my role is to guide therapy and encourage you along the way. I will provide you with feedback and insight and consider myself to be a partner in your healing journey.
(520) 231-7165 View (520) 231-7165
Photo of Carolyn E Nessinger, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Carolyn E Nessinger
Counselor, MSc, LAC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85712
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, sense of self, or self-compassion? Do you need or want someone to walk with you as you heal? I have immediate availability to connect and walk beside you as you navigate your stressors, heal, and grow. Healing happens in relationship and together you can build and understand your relationship with yourself. I am passionate and committed to helping you understand and connect with your authentic self. I utilize an eclectic, integrated approach; meeting you where you are at and guiding you through your journey of self-exploration.
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, sense of self, or self-compassion? Do you need or want someone to walk with you as you heal? I have immediate availability to connect and walk beside you as you navigate your stressors, heal, and grow. Healing happens in relationship and together you can build and understand your relationship with yourself. I am passionate and committed to helping you understand and connect with your authentic self. I utilize an eclectic, integrated approach; meeting you where you are at and guiding you through your journey of self-exploration.
(520) 492-0280 View (520) 492-0280
Photo of Bravura Counseling Services, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Bravura Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85710
Often, we rely on our natural supports for guidance however soon we realize, it is not helpful, perhaps because they say what they think we want to hear, and that’s not beneficial. I believe that for change to occur we must gain insight and self-awareness into the problem and that the therapeutic relationship between a client and therapist is essential. Despite the adversity you have encountered you deserve to live your best life and experience the best version of you. My role is to implement the most appropriate strategies and interventions and use my 17 years of experience in community mental health to support and guide you.
Often, we rely on our natural supports for guidance however soon we realize, it is not helpful, perhaps because they say what they think we want to hear, and that’s not beneficial. I believe that for change to occur we must gain insight and self-awareness into the problem and that the therapeutic relationship between a client and therapist is essential. Despite the adversity you have encountered you deserve to live your best life and experience the best version of you. My role is to implement the most appropriate strategies and interventions and use my 17 years of experience in community mental health to support and guide you.
(520) 266-5152 View (520) 266-5152
Photo of Jennifer Raftis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Jennifer Raftis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85712  (Online Only)
We all have our own stories we want to tell, rewrite, or change. What's stopping you from living out your best story? I am here to journey with you and dig deeper into the issues that may be preventing your goals, dreams, and aspirations from becoming a reality. Let's use the power of hope, growth, and healing to make changes. I want to help you set clear goals and positive expectancy for yourself while developing the resiliency you need to do hard things. Together, let's help you dream again about the person you want to be, the mindset you want to have, the relationships you want to cultivate, and the future you envision.
We all have our own stories we want to tell, rewrite, or change. What's stopping you from living out your best story? I am here to journey with you and dig deeper into the issues that may be preventing your goals, dreams, and aspirations from becoming a reality. Let's use the power of hope, growth, and healing to make changes. I want to help you set clear goals and positive expectancy for yourself while developing the resiliency you need to do hard things. Together, let's help you dream again about the person you want to be, the mindset you want to have, the relationships you want to cultivate, and the future you envision.
(520) 636-2811 View (520) 636-2811
Photo of Ugochukwu U Uche, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Ugochukwu U Uche
Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85710
I provide coaching services for children and adolescents who struggle with executive functioning disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, (ADHD). These children and adolescents struggle with organizational skills, maintaining focus and concentration on tasks they do not find entertaining. They also struggle with consistently regulating their emotions. As a result of these difficulties these children and adolescents experience academic underachievement, disciplinary issues at school and at home, and relationship issues with their peers and relatives.
I provide coaching services for children and adolescents who struggle with executive functioning disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, (ADHD). These children and adolescents struggle with organizational skills, maintaining focus and concentration on tasks they do not find entertaining. They also struggle with consistently regulating their emotions. As a result of these difficulties these children and adolescents experience academic underachievement, disciplinary issues at school and at home, and relationship issues with their peers and relatives.
(520) 955-5208 View (520) 955-5208
Photo of Lori L Feingold;, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Lori L Feingold;
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, TEP
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85715
Stress, anxiety, and unhealed trauma impacts our relationships, our jobs, our families, and even how we feel about ourselves. When this happens, we can feel as if we are stuck in our relationships & jobs or even trapped in our own lives. Fear & anxiety does not have to control your everyday thoughts and cultivating joy is possible! Choosing to get help is the first step towards change.. Please contact Lori at Connectionscounselingaz.com I am a experienced clinician that treats the mind, body, and spirit.
Stress, anxiety, and unhealed trauma impacts our relationships, our jobs, our families, and even how we feel about ourselves. When this happens, we can feel as if we are stuck in our relationships & jobs or even trapped in our own lives. Fear & anxiety does not have to control your everyday thoughts and cultivating joy is possible! Choosing to get help is the first step towards change.. Please contact Lori at Connectionscounselingaz.com I am a experienced clinician that treats the mind, body, and spirit.
(520) 457-6726 View (520) 457-6726
Photo of Shari Gootter, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Shari Gootter
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CRC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85718
Navigating through changes and transitions can be challenging and alienating. I offer a new perspective and a helpful therapeutic partnership. I feel it is a true privilege to be part of one's healing journey. My practice is inspired by Person Centered Therapy and a diverse study of methods ranging from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectic Behavior Therapy, and Acceptance, Commitment, and strengths-based therapy. I believe that no two clients are the same, and that a practice must be an individualized collaboration based on mutual authenticity and honesty. These are among the compassionate qualities which allow for a genuine therapeutic alliance.
Navigating through changes and transitions can be challenging and alienating. I offer a new perspective and a helpful therapeutic partnership. I feel it is a true privilege to be part of one's healing journey. My practice is inspired by Person Centered Therapy and a diverse study of methods ranging from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectic Behavior Therapy, and Acceptance, Commitment, and strengths-based therapy. I believe that no two clients are the same, and that a practice must be an individualized collaboration based on mutual authenticity and honesty. These are among the compassionate qualities which allow for a genuine therapeutic alliance.
(520) 447-4546 View (520) 447-4546
Photo of Rick Leopold, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Rick Leopold
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85712
Not accepting new clients
A good therapist accepts and validates who you are and what you value. This can only happen if you feel compassion and warmth from the therapist you choose. Do you feel troubled by your past? By events or relationships from your childhood? Or perhaps you are unsure of what drives your distress and simply need a safe, supportive person to explore this with. I am interested in getting to know you and to learn about your unique needs.
A good therapist accepts and validates who you are and what you value. This can only happen if you feel compassion and warmth from the therapist you choose. Do you feel troubled by your past? By events or relationships from your childhood? Or perhaps you are unsure of what drives your distress and simply need a safe, supportive person to explore this with. I am interested in getting to know you and to learn about your unique needs.
(520) 447-1708 View (520) 447-1708
Photo of Nai (Audrey-Paige) Smiddy, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Nai (Audrey-Paige) Smiddy
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85712  (Online Only)
I am a non-binary Licensed Associate Counselor in Arizona, license number LAC-20028.  I am currently working towards the Sex Therapist Certification and Ph.D. in Clinical Sexology at Modern Sex Therapy Institutes.  My personal and professional knowledge of gender identity, transgender treatment, and human sexuality allows me the tools to help transgender and non-binary folx live authentically with self-love and acceptance.  Working with the transgender and gender nonconforming community is my passion.  I also provide family therapy to help partners through transitions of gender identity and build connection with true acceptance of
I am a non-binary Licensed Associate Counselor in Arizona, license number LAC-20028.  I am currently working towards the Sex Therapist Certification and Ph.D. in Clinical Sexology at Modern Sex Therapy Institutes.  My personal and professional knowledge of gender identity, transgender treatment, and human sexuality allows me the tools to help transgender and non-binary folx live authentically with self-love and acceptance.  Working with the transgender and gender nonconforming community is my passion.  I also provide family therapy to help partners through transitions of gender identity and build connection with true acceptance of
(520) 210-4087 View (520) 210-4087
Photo of Megan Addis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Megan Addis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85705
My goal is to provide a safe and comfortable environment for you to explore the issues you find challenging in your life. I am supportive, non-judgmental, and client centered. I will help you navigate turning points, heal past hurts, identify your strengths, and gain the tools and confidence you need to experience satisfaction with your life. We will work together to make sense of the road blocks preventing you from being your authentic self, and you will learn coping skills to help manage new difficulties when they occur. Together we can turn your current situation into the life you want and deserve.
My goal is to provide a safe and comfortable environment for you to explore the issues you find challenging in your life. I am supportive, non-judgmental, and client centered. I will help you navigate turning points, heal past hurts, identify your strengths, and gain the tools and confidence you need to experience satisfaction with your life. We will work together to make sense of the road blocks preventing you from being your authentic self, and you will learn coping skills to help manage new difficulties when they occur. Together we can turn your current situation into the life you want and deserve.
(520) 447-3275 View (520) 447-3275

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Tucson, AZ

900+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Tucson, AZ who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
89% Depression
81% Self Esteem
79% Relationship Issues
76% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
67% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
67% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Tucson, AZ see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Tucson?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.