Therapists in Knoxville, TN

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Photo of Pamela Carpenter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Pamela Carpenter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37909
Life is filled with change. Oftentimes, we have to confront things we never expected. Sometimes, we are faced with overwhelming situations, such as loss or trauma, and we need someone to walk alongside us. But for all of us, there are times we know we want our lives to be different, but we may be unsure how to make changes. Perhaps, our moods or feelings seem to command our choices, or perhaps we just don't know what steps to take first. Therapy is an opportunity for us to pursue desired changes with the assistance that can help us achieve our goals.
Life is filled with change. Oftentimes, we have to confront things we never expected. Sometimes, we are faced with overwhelming situations, such as loss or trauma, and we need someone to walk alongside us. But for all of us, there are times we know we want our lives to be different, but we may be unsure how to make changes. Perhaps, our moods or feelings seem to command our choices, or perhaps we just don't know what steps to take first. Therapy is an opportunity for us to pursue desired changes with the assistance that can help us achieve our goals.
(865) 551-6113 View (865) 551-6113
Photo of Jennifer Williams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Jennifer Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37909
Jen Williams, LMFT Jen Williams is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2016. She has a BA in Art History and a Master's in Psychology with an emphasis on Art Therapy. Jen believes in working with individuals to reconnect with their sense of hope, their inner child and themselves using person centered modalities and art therapy. In her free time, Jen enjoys cooking, painting, reading, lifting weights, going on walks, and spending time with her spouse and pets.
Jen Williams, LMFT Jen Williams is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2016. She has a BA in Art History and a Master's in Psychology with an emphasis on Art Therapy. Jen believes in working with individuals to reconnect with their sense of hope, their inner child and themselves using person centered modalities and art therapy. In her free time, Jen enjoys cooking, painting, reading, lifting weights, going on walks, and spending time with her spouse and pets.
(865) 448-4314 View (865) 448-4314
Photo of Stefani Mundy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Stefani Mundy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37934
My clients often say they feel heard, understood, and validated. They report an increase in hope and well-being within the first few sessions. I combine empathy, honesty, encouragement, and educational training offered with a non-judgmental approach.
My clients often say they feel heard, understood, and validated. They report an increase in hope and well-being within the first few sessions. I combine empathy, honesty, encouragement, and educational training offered with a non-judgmental approach.
(865) 344-1896 View (865) 344-1896
Photo of Hannah Hatfield, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Hannah Hatfield
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37909
Hi there! Finding a therapist is the beginning of your journey towards growth and transformation. Although embarking on this journey can be difficult, attending therapy is an act of willingness, strength, and courage. As a therapist, it is my goal to offer empathetic, compassionate understanding to each client by being warm, relatable, and personable. Every client’s experience and reason for seeking therapy are unique. I aim to meet clients where they are by providing them with a safe place to collaboratively set and meet achievable goals. I would be honored to work with you as you navigate your therapeutic journey.
Hi there! Finding a therapist is the beginning of your journey towards growth and transformation. Although embarking on this journey can be difficult, attending therapy is an act of willingness, strength, and courage. As a therapist, it is my goal to offer empathetic, compassionate understanding to each client by being warm, relatable, and personable. Every client’s experience and reason for seeking therapy are unique. I aim to meet clients where they are by providing them with a safe place to collaboratively set and meet achievable goals. I would be honored to work with you as you navigate your therapeutic journey.
(865) 302-3843 View (865) 302-3843
Photo of Amanda Surdock, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Amanda Surdock
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist specializing in assessment and evaluation across the lifespan. I enjoy working with people of all ages, and I specialize in diagnosis and treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), anxiety and depression.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist specializing in assessment and evaluation across the lifespan. I enjoy working with people of all ages, and I specialize in diagnosis and treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), anxiety and depression.
(865) 321-1076 View (865) 321-1076
Photo of Matthew Gumb, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Matthew Gumb
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP, LCMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
Waitlist for new clients
Matthew Gumb brings years of experience in his counseling work with adults, children, and adolescents. Working to help individuals and families that suffer with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), depression, anxiety, anger management, inattentive/impulsive behavior, as well as other issues. His primary theoretical approaches are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), as well as Existentialism and Person-Centered. Matthew also has trained in Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) and Inference Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (I-CBT) for assisting individuals with OCD.
Matthew Gumb brings years of experience in his counseling work with adults, children, and adolescents. Working to help individuals and families that suffer with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), depression, anxiety, anger management, inattentive/impulsive behavior, as well as other issues. His primary theoretical approaches are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), as well as Existentialism and Person-Centered. Matthew also has trained in Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) and Inference Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (I-CBT) for assisting individuals with OCD.
(865) 674-4914 x813 View (865) 674-4914 x813
Photo of Diana Brown Taylor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Diana Brown Taylor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
Please note, you will receive a faster response if you uses email! I enjoy working with a diverse group of clients who want to live healthier and more fulfilling lives. When entering into a relationship with a therapist, it is important to bring an attitude of change and we will build trust as we go. I see the therapeutic process as a partnership. My therapeutic approach comes from a love of education and I hope to teach my clients skills they can use to navigate through life. I use workbooks and homework to help my clients fully engage in the changes they want to see in themselves.
Please note, you will receive a faster response if you uses email! I enjoy working with a diverse group of clients who want to live healthier and more fulfilling lives. When entering into a relationship with a therapist, it is important to bring an attitude of change and we will build trust as we go. I see the therapeutic process as a partnership. My therapeutic approach comes from a love of education and I hope to teach my clients skills they can use to navigate through life. I use workbooks and homework to help my clients fully engage in the changes they want to see in themselves.
(865) 999-0425 View (865) 999-0425
Photo of Mallory Casevechia, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Mallory Casevechia
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Have you ever played the game of Life? The board game with the cars and pegs, where you spin the wheel and try to live your best life with all the twists and turns that come with it. I believe we are all driving our little cars around on this journey, and sometimes we need an extra passenger to help us along the way. Whether you need guidance in decision making, a companion to drive away fear and loneliness, or confidence to take control of your life, sometimes we all need that passenger peg. Whatever point in this "game of life" you might be at, I want to join you and help you reach your goals.
Have you ever played the game of Life? The board game with the cars and pegs, where you spin the wheel and try to live your best life with all the twists and turns that come with it. I believe we are all driving our little cars around on this journey, and sometimes we need an extra passenger to help us along the way. Whether you need guidance in decision making, a companion to drive away fear and loneliness, or confidence to take control of your life, sometimes we all need that passenger peg. Whatever point in this "game of life" you might be at, I want to join you and help you reach your goals.
(865) 401-9361 View (865) 401-9361
Photo of Magnolia Healthcare, Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Magnolia Healthcare
Counselor, BCBA, ABA, SPEECH, OT
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37919
Hello! I'm a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Florida w/10 years of professional work experience. I'm also a Board Certified Behavior Analyst, licensed in Tennessee that specializes in children w/disabilities, & behavioral therapy. I also have years of experience w/military life, & understand the struggles w/deployments, change in family dynamics, & transitions in roles. I have experience in helping clients w/relationship concerns, family conflicts, & parenting issues. I work with couples to repair trust, improve & strengthen their emotional intimacy w/each other.
Hello! I'm a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Florida w/10 years of professional work experience. I'm also a Board Certified Behavior Analyst, licensed in Tennessee that specializes in children w/disabilities, & behavioral therapy. I also have years of experience w/military life, & understand the struggles w/deployments, change in family dynamics, & transitions in roles. I have experience in helping clients w/relationship concerns, family conflicts, & parenting issues. I work with couples to repair trust, improve & strengthen their emotional intimacy w/each other.
(865) 344-6614 View (865) 344-6614
Photo of Jessica Kyle, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Jessica Kyle
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
Jessica Kyle is a Licensed Professional Counselor with a Mental Health Service Provider qualification (LPC-MHSP) with 5 years of experience. Jessica is passionate about helping adolescents, adults, and families address challenges to live a better and more meaningful life. She specializes in depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, addiction, behavioral issues in children, and major life changes. Jessica completed her Master's in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Milligan University. Her personal mental health experiences coupled with her education and professional experience enable her to give clients the support they seek.
Jessica Kyle is a Licensed Professional Counselor with a Mental Health Service Provider qualification (LPC-MHSP) with 5 years of experience. Jessica is passionate about helping adolescents, adults, and families address challenges to live a better and more meaningful life. She specializes in depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, addiction, behavioral issues in children, and major life changes. Jessica completed her Master's in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Milligan University. Her personal mental health experiences coupled with her education and professional experience enable her to give clients the support they seek.
(865) 518-4165 View (865) 518-4165
Photo of Marci S Burroughs, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Marci S Burroughs
Psychologist, PhD, CST
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923  (Online Only)
I specialize in helping couples/intimate partners with communication and intimacy issues including conflict management, decrease in intimacy, mismatched libidos, the impact of societal and religious messages on sex and sexuality and the impacts of trauma on the individual and the couple. I also work with couples and individuals that are struggling with sexual dysfunctions such as ED, PE, DE and genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder. I provide a non-judgmental environment for people who identify as LGBTQ+, poly, nonmonogamous and kink to explore their concerns within the context of their lifestyle.
I specialize in helping couples/intimate partners with communication and intimacy issues including conflict management, decrease in intimacy, mismatched libidos, the impact of societal and religious messages on sex and sexuality and the impacts of trauma on the individual and the couple. I also work with couples and individuals that are struggling with sexual dysfunctions such as ED, PE, DE and genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder. I provide a non-judgmental environment for people who identify as LGBTQ+, poly, nonmonogamous and kink to explore their concerns within the context of their lifestyle.
(865) 213-7517 View (865) 213-7517
Photo of Isaac Wilson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Isaac Wilson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37920  (Online Only)
Welcome. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker practicing in Knoxville, TN. Over the past 12 years I have worked with teens and adults, individuals, groups and families, in wilderness-based programs, schools, and in community agencies. It is my belief that all people possess within themselves the ability to make positive changes in their lives; sometimes they just need help to discover how to do so. My goal is to work alongside you to uncover ways to improve and maintain your mental health, sense of self, and overall well-being. I believe in meeting clients “Where They Are At,” and value and respect the uniqueness of each person.
Welcome. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker practicing in Knoxville, TN. Over the past 12 years I have worked with teens and adults, individuals, groups and families, in wilderness-based programs, schools, and in community agencies. It is my belief that all people possess within themselves the ability to make positive changes in their lives; sometimes they just need help to discover how to do so. My goal is to work alongside you to uncover ways to improve and maintain your mental health, sense of self, and overall well-being. I believe in meeting clients “Where They Are At,” and value and respect the uniqueness of each person.
(865) 535-7075 View (865) 535-7075
Photo of Metro Knoxville Social Therapy Center, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Metro Knoxville Social Therapy Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37929
I enjoy working with people young and old. I enjoy the one on one as well as family sessions. I love helping people reach their potential, their goals, etc. Be it young or old, youth or elderly. It's also a pleasure to me to get to meet new people and learn who they are.
I enjoy working with people young and old. I enjoy the one on one as well as family sessions. I love helping people reach their potential, their goals, etc. Be it young or old, youth or elderly. It's also a pleasure to me to get to meet new people and learn who they are.
(865) 276-8024 View (865) 276-8024
Photo of Salimah Kemp, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Salimah Kemp
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I have a passion for healing mental and emotional pain. I am new to formally helping others; however, helping others pursue better quality of life has always come naturally to me. You only get one life: and my goal is to help you forgive the past, connect to the present, and prepare for the future. Whether you are struggling to find your direction, struggling to assert yourself in your relationships, or looking for someone who can relate to your lived and painful experiences, we will approach these issues collaboratively!
I have a passion for healing mental and emotional pain. I am new to formally helping others; however, helping others pursue better quality of life has always come naturally to me. You only get one life: and my goal is to help you forgive the past, connect to the present, and prepare for the future. Whether you are struggling to find your direction, struggling to assert yourself in your relationships, or looking for someone who can relate to your lived and painful experiences, we will approach these issues collaboratively!
(865) 505-8157 View (865) 505-8157
Photo of Lauren Taylor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Lauren Taylor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37919
I am dedicated to providing compassionate, evidence-based care to those seeking support. From coping with everyday stressors to processing trauma, I am here to help you create achievable goals tailored to your individual needs. Authenticity is important to me, and I believe it helps create a positive space for change. You can expect me to be my authentic self during sessions.
I am dedicated to providing compassionate, evidence-based care to those seeking support. From coping with everyday stressors to processing trauma, I am here to help you create achievable goals tailored to your individual needs. Authenticity is important to me, and I believe it helps create a positive space for change. You can expect me to be my authentic self during sessions.
(865) 315-8816 View (865) 315-8816
Photo of Jenee Justice Tate, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Jenee Justice Tate
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923
There is no greater pain than watching your child struggle. You've read the blogs, asked your doctor, consulted with friends, but you feel no closer to understanding what is going on or how to help. You need answers and you need a roadmap to stop the suffering and get things back on track. I'm here to guide you through the darkness and uncover what your child needs to achieve their true potential. My unique approach involves identifying your child's strengths in addition to their areas of vulnerability so you know exactly what they need to thrive.
There is no greater pain than watching your child struggle. You've read the blogs, asked your doctor, consulted with friends, but you feel no closer to understanding what is going on or how to help. You need answers and you need a roadmap to stop the suffering and get things back on track. I'm here to guide you through the darkness and uncover what your child needs to achieve their true potential. My unique approach involves identifying your child's strengths in addition to their areas of vulnerability so you know exactly what they need to thrive.
(865) 737-2787 View (865) 737-2787
Photo of Joe J McNamara, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Joe J McNamara
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
Have you found that you have woken up in a place unrecognizable to one you envisioned for yourself at an earlier age and asked how you got here? Feelings of hopelessness, pain, and guilt have become so commonplace in your life that you have grown comfortable with them. Are you stuck in patterns of behavior and thoughts that come to rule your life? Producing outcomes that are incongruent with your values and aspirations? Maybe you have sought relief through drugs, alcohol, sex, work, or relationships only to find this relief fleeting and the problems continuing to stack up around you.
Have you found that you have woken up in a place unrecognizable to one you envisioned for yourself at an earlier age and asked how you got here? Feelings of hopelessness, pain, and guilt have become so commonplace in your life that you have grown comfortable with them. Are you stuck in patterns of behavior and thoughts that come to rule your life? Producing outcomes that are incongruent with your values and aspirations? Maybe you have sought relief through drugs, alcohol, sex, work, or relationships only to find this relief fleeting and the problems continuing to stack up around you.
(865) 234-0079 View (865) 234-0079
Photo of Cindy Fugatt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Cindy Fugatt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37931
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. I enjoy practicing from a Christian platform but also respect and honor other religions/spirituality/and beliefs. I received a Masters of Social Work from the University of Alabama and a Bachelors in Psychology from the University of Tennessee. Additionally, I have an emotional support dog in my office. My Chcoclate Lab, Jed :)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. I enjoy practicing from a Christian platform but also respect and honor other religions/spirituality/and beliefs. I received a Masters of Social Work from the University of Alabama and a Bachelors in Psychology from the University of Tennessee. Additionally, I have an emotional support dog in my office. My Chcoclate Lab, Jed :)
View
Photo of Doug Tyler, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Doug Tyler
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
Not accepting new clients
I welcome your interest in psychotherapy or psychoanalysis. In addition to being a psychologist, I am also a Jungian Psychoanalyst. I address a wide variety of issues and problems with adults. This range includes: relationships, job stress, and issues of more depth such as depression, anxiety, anger, and conflicts around spirituality and/or trauma. I imagine you are considering or seeking someone to talk with because of some dissatisfaction in your life. We begin by exploring the problem(s) you currently experience. This inevitably leads us to uncovering and exploring the hidden maladaptive patterns in your life.
I welcome your interest in psychotherapy or psychoanalysis. In addition to being a psychologist, I am also a Jungian Psychoanalyst. I address a wide variety of issues and problems with adults. This range includes: relationships, job stress, and issues of more depth such as depression, anxiety, anger, and conflicts around spirituality and/or trauma. I imagine you are considering or seeking someone to talk with because of some dissatisfaction in your life. We begin by exploring the problem(s) you currently experience. This inevitably leads us to uncovering and exploring the hidden maladaptive patterns in your life.
(865) 630-4866 View (865) 630-4866
Photo of Codi Dawn Kyle, Marriage & Family Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Codi Dawn Kyle
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37931  (Online Only)
I can help with symptom reduction from anxiety, depression, intrusive thoughts and mood swings, etc. As well as help improve your coping skills, increase awareness, improve self esteem and self confidence, interpersonal relationships, better work life balance, recovery from substance abuse and overall wellbeing and quality of life, etc.
I can help with symptom reduction from anxiety, depression, intrusive thoughts and mood swings, etc. As well as help improve your coping skills, increase awareness, improve self esteem and self confidence, interpersonal relationships, better work life balance, recovery from substance abuse and overall wellbeing and quality of life, etc.
(865) 375-8089 View (865) 375-8089

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Knoxville, TN

700+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Knoxville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
72% Self Esteem
66% Coping Skills
65% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
68% Aetna
68% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Knoxville, TN see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Knoxville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.